Unit 5 ap study guide

When did the agricultural revolution happen

8000 BC

When were the first crops in East Asia domesticated

10,000 with Millet

When were the first crops in Southwest Asia domesticated

10,000 years ago with barley, wheat, lentils, and olives

Cultural factors

A preference for living in a fixed place rather than as nomads may have led hunters and gatherers to build permanent settlements and to store surplus vegetation there

agriculture

The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.

Agricultural Revolution

The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering

crop

any plant gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season

New technology and increased food production in the second agricultural revolution led to

better diets, longer life expectancies, and more people available for work in factories

Rural settlement patterns are classified as

clustered, dispersed, or linear

Specific agricultural practices shape

different rural land-use patterns.

Patterns of diffusion, such as the Columbian Exchange and the agricultural revolutions, resulted in the

global spread of various plants and animals.

The Green Revolution was characterized in agriculture by the use of

high-yield seeds, increased use of chemicals, and mechanized farming

The Green Revolution had positive and negative consequences for both

human populations and the environment

Intensive and extensive farming practices are determined in part by

land costs (bid-rent theory)

Intensive farming practices include

market gardening, plantation agriculture, and mixed crop/livestock systems

Rural survey methods include

metes and bounds, township and range, and long lot

Agricultural production regions are defined by the extent to which they

reflect subsistence or commercial practices (monocropping or monoculture)

Extensive farming practices include

shifting cultivation, nomadic herding, and ranching

Large-scale commercial agricultural operations are replacing

small family farms

Early hearths of domestication of plants and animals arose in the Fertile Crescent and several other regions of the world, including

the Indus River Valley, Southeast Asia, and Central America.

enviornmental factors

the first domestication of crops and animals coincided with climate change. This marked the end of the last ice age, when permanent ice overage receded from Earths surface, resulting in massive redistribution of humans, other animals, and plants at that time

Agriculture practices are influenced by

the physical environment and climatic conditions, such as the Mediterranean climate and tropical climates