Unit 5 ap study guide
When did the agricultural revolution happen
8000 BC
When were the first crops in East Asia domesticated
10,000 with Millet
When were the first crops in Southwest Asia domesticated
10,000 years ago with barley, wheat, lentils, and olives
Cultural factors
A preference for living in a fixed place rather than as nomads may have led hunters and gatherers to build permanent settlements and to store surplus vegetation there
agriculture
The deliberate effort to modify a portion of Earth's surface through the cultivation of crops and the raising of livestock for sustenance or economic gain.
Agricultural Revolution
The time when human beings first domesticated plants and animals and no longer relied entirely on hunting and gathering
crop
any plant gathered from a field as a harvest during a particular season
New technology and increased food production in the second agricultural revolution led to
better diets, longer life expectancies, and more people available for work in factories
Rural settlement patterns are classified as
clustered, dispersed, or linear
Specific agricultural practices shape
different rural land-use patterns.
Patterns of diffusion, such as the Columbian Exchange and the agricultural revolutions, resulted in the
global spread of various plants and animals.
The Green Revolution was characterized in agriculture by the use of
high-yield seeds, increased use of chemicals, and mechanized farming
The Green Revolution had positive and negative consequences for both
human populations and the environment
Intensive and extensive farming practices are determined in part by
land costs (bid-rent theory)
Intensive farming practices include
market gardening, plantation agriculture, and mixed crop/livestock systems
Rural survey methods include
metes and bounds, township and range, and long lot
Agricultural production regions are defined by the extent to which they
reflect subsistence or commercial practices (monocropping or monoculture)
Extensive farming practices include
shifting cultivation, nomadic herding, and ranching
Large-scale commercial agricultural operations are replacing
small family farms
Early hearths of domestication of plants and animals arose in the Fertile Crescent and several other regions of the world, including
the Indus River Valley, Southeast Asia, and Central America.
enviornmental factors
the first domestication of crops and animals coincided with climate change. This marked the end of the last ice age, when permanent ice overage receded from Earths surface, resulting in massive redistribution of humans, other animals, and plants at that time
Agriculture practices are influenced by
the physical environment and climatic conditions, such as the Mediterranean climate and tropical climates