unit 5: naming compounds

what is the diatomic rule?

7-7-7: there are 7 diatomics, they make the shape of 7, seventh one is Hydrogen (H2)

what are the exceptions in ionic bonding?

Ag+, Zn2+, Cd2+

write the chemical formula for dibromine heptaoxide

Br2O7

write the chemical formula for dinitrogen pentasulfide

N2S5

write the chemical formula for: nitrogen trichloride

Ncl3

The VSEPR theory stands for:

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory (electrons in a molecule spread as far away from each other as possible to reduce like charge repulsion between electrons)

name Al2(CO3)3

aluminum carbonate

what are the types of acids?

binary- H with element; and oxyacids-contain oxygen (polyatomic- ate to ic, ite to ous)

Name Cd(OH)2

cadmium hydroxide

name: H2CO3

carbonic acid

shapes of molecules are important because:

determine molecule's properties and uses

non polar covalent bonds occur between:

diatomic molecules

name the compound: Cl2O7

dichlorine heptaoxide

name the compound: P2O5

diphosphorous pentaoxide

in a non polar covalent bond, there is ________________ share of electrons

equal

electronegativity is greatest at:

fluorine

covalent bonds are named by _______________

greek prefixes

name the compound: S7O8

heptasulfur octaoxide

how do you name a binary acid?

hydro-root-ic (acid)

name HNO

hyponitrous acid

a molecule with 2 domains, 2 bonding domains, has what domain geometry? what molecular geometry?

linear; linear

in Lewis structures, ______________ form bonds

lonely valences

name the compound: MnCrO4

manganese (II) chromate

covalent compounds are also known as _______________

molecular

name HNO3

nitric acid

covalent bonds are typically between _____________

nonmetals (because electrognegativities are similar)

An electronegativity difference of 0-0.4 is _____________. 0.5-1.7 is ____________. 1.8-4.0 is ________

nonpolar covalent; polar covalent; ionic

prefix in a covalent bond represents ____________________

number of atoms+element name

name PF5

phosphorous pentafluoride

covalent bonds consist of two types:

polar and non polar (polar-opposite ends; non polar- no opposites)

In a ______________ bond, as in H-Cl, one atom typically has a negative charge; the other, a positive

polar covalent

how do you name an oxyacid?

root- ic/ous (acid)

in covalent bonds, electrons are _____________

shared (electrons are not lost or gained, so there is no charge)

Name AgF

silver fluoride

name the compound: SF6

sulfur hexafluoride

a molecule with 4 domains, 2 bonding and 2 nonbonding domains, has what domain geometry? molecular geometry?

tetrahedral bent

a molecule with 4 domains, 4 bonding domains, has what domain geometry? molecular geometry?

tetrahedral; tetrahedral

a molecule with 4 domains, 3 bonding and 1 nonbonding domain, has what domain geometry? molecular geometry?

tetrahedral; trigonal pyramidal

In an ionic bond, electrons are _______________

transferred from metal to nonmetal (nonmetals have higher electronegativity

a molecule with 3 domains, 2 bonding domains and 1 nonbonding, has what domain geometry? molecular geometry?

trigonal planar; bent

a molecule with 3 domains, 3 bonding domains, has what domain geometry? what molecular geometry?

trigonal planar; trigonal planar

in a polar covalent bond, there is ________________ share of electrons

unequal