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The armies of revolutionary France enjoyed which of the following advantages over the armies of the major European monarchs? a) Greater patriotism and morale b) A better supply system c) Superior training and more practice in drills d) Older and more experienced soldiers

a) Greater patriotism and morale

The major reason for the pattern shown in the graph above is a) the spread of infanticide b) parents' decision to have smaller families c) a declining standard of prenatal care for pregnant women d) a decrease in the marriage rate of women

b) parents' decision to have smaller families

the artist of the cartoon above would most likely agree with all of the following except a) the storming of the bastille b) the writing of the declaration of the rights of women and the female citizen c) the signing of the declaration of the rights of man and the citizen d) the abolition of privileges of the nobility and clergy

b) the writing of the declaration of the rights of women and the female citizen

robespierre considered all of the following to be "enemies" of revolutionary france except a) peasants involved in the vendean rebellion b) marie antoinette c) members of the committee of public safety d) olympe de gouges

c) members of the committee of public safety

The painting of Napoleon shown above portrays him as which of the following? a) an imperial ruler b) a ruthless military conqueror c) a enlightened absolutist d) a competent bureaucrat

a) an imperial ruler

The changes in population density of the European countries shown on the maps reflect which of the following? a) New methods of transportation encouraged a migration from urban to rural areas b) Frequent famines led to social dislocation throughout the continent c) A heightened consumerism developed between 1820 and 1900 d) Russia had begun a process of urbanization during the latter part of the nineteenth century

b) Frequent famines led to social dislocation throughout the continent

In regard to religion, the Directory a) Pursued an anti-Protestant policy b) Restored privileged status to the clergy c) Reached an agreement with the Pope to re-Catholicize France d) Reversed anti-religious policies of the Convention

d) Reversed anti-religious policies of the Convention

What distinction does Robespierre make between constitutional governments and revolutionary governments in the excerpt above? a) A revolutionary government has to take extra precautions to protect itself that a constitutional government does not have to take. b) A revolutionary government owes more to its citizens than a constitutional government. c) A constitutional government has the duty to protect the revolutionary government. d) Robespierre makes no distinction between the two types of governments.

a) A revolutionary government has to take extra precautions to protect itself that a constitutional government does not have to take.

The disparity on the 1910 map between the eastern region of Europe and the western and central regions was primarily the result of which of the following? a) Differences in landholding patterns and agricultural practices b) Differences in the numbers of emigrants c) Differences in the degree of political centralization d) Differences in the frequency and scale of military conflicts

a) Differences in landholding patterns and agricultural practices

Which of the following states a point on which the authors of the two sources would likely agree? a) Industrialization had a profound effect on the lives of individual workers. b) The government's proper role was to encourage industrial growth through intervention in the market. c) Class divisions were of less and less importance in industrialized society. d) The wealth generated by industrialization should be equally distributed to all members of society.

a) Industrialization had a profound effect on the lives of individual workers.

The man being ridden in the above cartoon symbolizes a) The common man or the Third Estate b) The nobility or the second estate c) The horrors of the slave trade in 18th century France d) The power of the First Estate in the Estates-General

a) The common man or the Third Estate

Cummins's description of the Irish Potato Famine most directly illustrated the debates about which of the following? a) The importance of government response to problems of industrialization through an expansion of their functions b) The importance of government reforms to transform overcrowded cities through modernization c) Government creation of the modern bureaucratic state d) The growth of new ideologies and reform movements

a) The importance of government response to problems of industrialization through an expansion of their functions

Which of the following best explains how increases in agricultural productivity in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries created the conditions for industrialization in western Europe? a) The increases freed up labor that was no longer needed to produce food. b) The increases raised the profitability of agriculture for large landowners. c) The increases diminished the occurrence of famines in Europe starting in the eighteenth century. d) The increases led to larger sizes of draft and food animals on European farms.

a) The increases freed up labor that was no longer needed to produce food.

Which of the following would still be a reason that some areas of Europe still faced famines and rural poverty in the mid-nineteenth century? a) The persistence of primitive landowning patterns that divided the same amount of land into ever-smaller plots b) The dominance of agricultural elites in the less industrialized areas c) the decreasing population growth d) the increased urbanization of western europe

a) The persistence of primitive landowning patterns that divided the same amount of land into ever-smaller plots

​In the speech above, Robespierre advocates a) a return to virtue and equality b) the worship of ancient Greek gods and goddesses. c) the return of religious authority to the Catholic Church. d) a belief in atheism.

a) a return to virtue and equality

the french government issued the decree primarily in response to a) domestic unrest and foreign aggression against the radical Revolutionary government b) opposition to the trial of the French royal family by the French government c) the use of new military tactics and technologies by opponents of the French Revolution d) the lack of female support for the ideals of the french revolution

a) domestic unrest and foreign aggression against the radical Revolutionary government

Which of the following ideological groups would have been most in support of government intervention to help alleviate the famine? a) liberals b) nationalists c) conservatives d) suffragists

a) liberals

The contemporary drawing above of the storming of the Bastille was intended to portray a) popular participation in the revolutionary process b) aristocratic support for the old regime c) peasants protesting high rents for land d) the determination of the military to resist change at any cost

a) popular participation in the revolutionary process

The lists of grievances, or cahiers de doléances, brought by the members of the Estates-General to Versailles in 1789 called for a) tax equity b) the immediate overthrow of louis xvi c) the separation of church and state d) renewal of provincial and city charters

a) tax equity

All of the following are accurate statements concerning the Estates-General except a) the third estate made up about 50 percent of the french revolution b) the first estate was the clergy c) the estates-general met versailles in 1789 d) the first and second estates each had about 300 delegates in the estates-general

a) the third estate made up about 50 percent of the french revolution

All of the following were impacts of the Industrial Revolution except a) Increasingly miserable conditions in cities b) Development of joint-stock companies c) Growth of the urban population d) A decrease in the prices of goods

b) Development of joint-stock companies

The European nobility in the eighteenth century a) Composed 20% of Europe's population b) Played a significant role in the administrative machinery of European states c) Lost its former dominance in military affairs d) Differed little in wealth and political power from state to state

b) Played a significant role in the administrative machinery of European states

Which of the following best describes the moral positions regarding industrialization expressed by each of the two sources? a) The medical examiners and Smiles both see industrialization as improving the morality of the nation. b) The medical examiners see industrialization as unjustly oppressing and harming the workers, while Smiles sees it as uplifting the nation and its people. c) The medical examiners see industrialization as uplifting the nation and its people, while Smiles sees it as unjustly oppressing and harming the workers. d) The medical examiners and Smiles both see industrialization as causing moral harm to the nation.

b) The medical examiners see industrialization as unjustly oppressing and harming the workers, while Smiles sees it as uplifting the nation and its people.

Which of the following best summarizes changes in warfare during the seventeenth century? a) Professional standing armies were uncommon, and many absolutist states relied heavily on mercenaries in conflicts b) There was an especially noticeable increase in the size of armies, which paralleled the development of absolutist states c) State armies provided opportunities for peasants and the middle class to "rise through the ranks" and achieve higher status as officers d) Warfare became significantly more dangerous in the seventeenth century.

b) There was an especially noticeable increase in the size of armies, which paralleled the development of absolutist states

The Crystal Palace, shown above, was built in London in 1851 primarily as a) memorial to those who fought in the Crimean War b) celebration of British technological and economic dominance c) performance hall for musicals and opera d) private summer residence for the royal family

b) celebration of British technological and economic dominance

the image best reflects which of the following ideas that occurred as a result of the revolution? a) many people were inspired by the revolutions emphasis on equality and human rights b) many people condemned the revolution because of its disregard for traditional authority c) french armies spread revolutionary ideals across europe d) revolutionary ideals inspired a slave revolt led by toussaint l'ouverture

b) many people condemned the revolution because of its disregard for traditional authority

Which of the following was a result of renovation of cities such as Paris as shown in the picture above? a) Compulsory education and the increased building of schools b) modernization of infrastructure c) Rapid industrialization, creating the need for a more modern city d) Increased government regulation of public health

b) modernization of infrastructure

the events referred to in the song led most directly to which of the following? a) the creation of a republican government in france b) the formalization of a constitutional monarchy in France c) the installation of napoleon as emperor of the french d) the restoration of the bourbon monarchy

b) the formalization of a constitutional monarchy in France

Which of the following would most contradict the argument made by the author in the excerpt above? a) Leisure time centered increasingly on the family and small groups b) As a result of urbanization, cities experienced overcrowding c) By the end of the nineteenth century there were few improvements in the quality of life of the working class d) Government reforms transformed unhealthy and overcrowded cities during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries

c) By the end of the nineteenth century there were few improvements in the quality of life of the working class

Which of the following would be the best reason why industry did not develop in eastern and southern Europe around the same time as in western Europe? a) Eastern and southern Europe lacked coal reserves b) Conservatives in eastern and southern Europe suppressed movements for change c) Eastern and southern Europe did not benefit as much as western Europe from changes in agriculture during the 18th century d) Eastern and southern Europe had too many ethnic groups opposed to industrialization

c) Eastern and southern Europe did not benefit as much as western Europe from changes in agriculture during the 18th century

Which of the following factors was most influential in effecting the changes shown on the map? a) Higher wages and an improved quality of life affected all classes by 1900 b) Most of Europe had become industrialized by 1900 c) Governments began urban reforms and attempted to regulate public health, leading to a noticeable decline in death rates d) The unification of Italy and Germany led to increased population in central Europe

c) Governments began urban reforms and attempted to regulate public health, leading to a noticeable decline in death rates

Which of the following would be a reason for the renovations of Paris as shown in the picture? a) Newly efficient methods of transportation b) The development of self-conscious classes such as the bourgeoisie and the working class c) Rapid urbanization during the 19th century d) The success of Napoleon III's conservative agenda

c) Rapid urbanization during the 19th century

The transformation of Le Creusot described by Samuelson in the second paragraph was most directly facilitated by which of the following? a) French involvement in military conflicts b) Increasing availability of cheap labor supplied by immigrants to France c) Support from the French government d) Lowering of tariffs and trade barriers between European states

c) Support from the French government

Countries in the coalitions that opposed Revolutionary and Napoleonic France were most eager to adopt which provision of the decree? a) The mass mobilization of children for the war effort b) The promotion of public oratory by citizens in support of the government's cause c) The creation of nationally based mass conscript armies d) the formation of female nursing corps

c) The creation of nationally based mass conscript armies

Which of the following best expresses the purpose of the image above? a) The illustration was intended to celebrate the rapid achievements of physical science b) The illustration was intended to advertise the new rail line between Manchester and London c) The illustration was intended to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria d) The illustration was intended to highlight British urban modernity by contrasting Berlin with London

c) The illustration was intended to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria

Which of the following best explains how increases in agricultural productivity in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries created the conditions for industrialization in western Europe? a) The increases diminished the occurrence of famines in Europe starting in the eighteenth century. b) The increases raised the profitability of agriculture for large landowners. c) The increases freed up labor that was no longer needed to produce food. d) The increases led to larger sizes of draft and food animals on European farms.

c) The increases freed up labor that was no longer needed to produce food.

Historians disagreeing with Stromberg and making the argument that the French Revolution was based on Enlightenment values would most likely cite which of the following as evidence in support of their position? a) The Concordat of 1801 between the French government and the Roman Catholic Church b) The suppression of the counterrevolutionary peasant revolts in the Vendée region of France c) The issuing of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen d) The French attempts to suppress the revolt in the colony of Saint Domingue

c) The issuing of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen

Samuelson's characterization of the town of Le Creusot in 1836 in the second paragraph best illustrates which of the following developments? a) The continuation of outdated agricultural practices and food shortages in undeveloped areas of Europe b) The negative effects of rapid urban growth c) The lag in industrialization of Continental Europe as compared with Great Britain d) The creation of new social classes associated with industrialization

c) The lag in industrialization of Continental Europe as compared with Great Britain

Napoleon invaded Russia in 1812 due to a) Tsar Alexander's refusal to abolish serfdom b) Russia's alliance with Britain in 1811 c) Tsar Alexander's refusal to uphold the Continental System d) Russian financial support of the Haitian Revolution

c) Tsar Alexander's refusal to uphold the Continental System

In subsequent years, the French government used the institutions created by the decree to a) encourage internal debate concerning the proper course of the revolution in France b) start nationalist uprisings in countries outside of France c) attempt to spread French Revolutionary ideals throughout Europe d) justify the granting of greater political and legal rights to women

c) attempt to spread French Revolutionary ideals throughout Europe

the main purpose of the womens march to versailles in octobor 1789 was to a) provide the national assembly and the king with a declaration of support b) protest the lack of representation for women in the national assembly c) ensure the kings support for the declaration of rights and cheap bread for paris d) present the womens concerns to marie antoinette

c) ensure the kings support for the declaration of rights and cheap bread for paris

A historian would be most likely to use the two images as evidence that the Napoleonic Wars a) led artists in both Spain and Germany to experiment with new styles and subject matter b) affected civilians in Germany less severely than they did civilians in Spain c) inspired nationalist sentiment in both Germany and Spain d) brought about resistance to French rule in Spain but not in Germany

c) inspired nationalist sentiment in both Germany and Spain

in regard to the catholic church, the national assembly a) left the institution alone b) abolished the faith in france c) passed legislation that secularized church offices and clergymen d)increased its power dramatically in france

c) passed legislation that secularized church offices and clergymen

some ideas seen in robespierre's speech above are a continuation of a) machiavelli's idea that for a prince, the end justifies the means b) the ephasis put on greek and roman philosophies c) the renaissance ideal of civic humanism d) the ideal of the man of virtu who excels at all things

c) the renaissance ideal of civic humanism

The map above would lead historians to draw which of the following conclusions? a)France had the highest number of major cities by 1850 b)Textile and silk industries were most important in southern Europe c)Most coal and iron reserves were located outside of major manufacturing areas. d)Most coal reserves were located in Great Britain and the Low Countries.

c)Most coal and iron reserves were located outside of major manufacturing areas.

One of the major economic causes for British industrial success was a) The creation of the British Pound as a separate currency from the Euro in use on the Continent b) That the economy was already strong from a powerful trade among guilds c) That the British government did not get involved in the country's economy d) A sound banking system that provided necessary credit

d) A sound banking system that provided necessary credit

The poissardes and other participants in the events described in the song were motivated most strongly by which of the following? a) The desire to institute free-market principles in the French economy b) The fear that Enlightenment ideas about government would undermine the basis of monarchy c) The failure of France to gain substantial advantages from its wars with Britain d) An economic crisis brought about by food shortages

d) An economic crisis brought about by food shortages

Which of the following would most contradict the argument made by the author in the excerpt above? a) Leisure time centered increasingly on the family and small groups b) Government reforms transformed unhealthy and overcrowded cities during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries c) By the end of the nineteenth century there were few improvements in the quality of life of the working class d) As a result of urbanization, cities experienced overcrowding

d) As a result of urbanization, cities experienced overcrowding

Which of the following best characterizes eighteenth-century France just prior to the Revolution of 1789 ? a) The privileges of the clergy were declining. b) The aristocracy's power had eroded completely. c) The participation of the bourgeoisie in legislative affairs was increasing dramatically. d) The French monarchy was experiencing a deepening financial crisis.

d) The French monarchy was experiencing a deepening financial crisis.

The changes in Russia described by the author in the first two paragraphs (Peter Stearns, historian, The Industrial Revolution in World History, 1993) were most directly the result of which of the following? a) The commercialization of agriculture facilitated by industrial production and distribution b)The increasing volatility in the business cycle as a result of industrialization c)The increased scale and complexity of industrial processes during the second industrial revolution d) The emergence of a more global economic network resulting from industrialization

d) The emergence of a more global economic network resulting from industrialization

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the two sources' arguments? a) The medical examiners do not want the state to legislate on behalf of the workers, while Smiles wants the state to intervene on their behalf. b) The medical examiners and Smiles both want the state to intervene on behalf of the workers. c) Neither the medical examiners nor Smiles want the state to intervene on behalf of the workers. d) The medical examiners want the state to legislate on behalf of the workers, while Smiles does not want the state to intervene in labor relations.

d) The medical examiners want the state to legislate on behalf of the workers, while Smiles does not want the state to intervene in labor relations.

The song would be most useful to historians as a source of information about which of the following? a) Nationalistic ideology that justified aggrandizement b) Nationalistic ideology that justified aggrandizement c) Compulsory public education reforms d) Views during the time period regarding proper male behavior and masculine values

d) Views during the time period regarding proper male behavior and masculine values

a historian would be most likely to use the two images as evidence that the napoleonic wars a) affected civilians in germany less severely than they did civilians in spain b) led artists in both spain and germany to experiment with new styles and subject matter c) brought about resistance to french rule in spain but not in germany d) inspired nationalist sentiment in both germany and spain

d) inspired nationalist sentiment in both germany and spain

in the first paragraph, stromberg most clearly criticizes which of the following historical interpretations of the french revolution? a) the french revolution was primarily motivated by short-term fiscal crises b) the french revolution was an example of social darwinist concepts of struggle c) the french revolution was primarily motivated by cultural nationalism d) the french revolution was an example of class conflict

d) the french revolution was an example of class conflict

napoleons grand empire a) had no long standing impact on the conquered countries b) revived the power of the nobility and the clergy in all states c) included all of europe with the defeat of britian in 1805 d) was composed of three different parts but united under the rule of napoleon

d) was composed of three different parts but united under the rule of napoleon