Unit 6: Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration Notes
What is ATP made of?
- Adenine molecule - ribose sugar - 3 phosphate groups
How does ATP release energy?
- Bond of 3rd phosphate is broken - Resulting molecule is ADP
What is Glycolysis?
1 molecule of glucose is broken into 2 molecules of pyruvate (has 6 carbons)
What 4 factors affect photosynthesis?
1. Amount of water 2. Temperature 3. Light intensity 4. Carbon Dioxide concentration
What 3 factors affect cellular respiration?
1.) Availability of oxygen (reactant) 2.) Availability of glucose (reactant) 3.) Temperature
How many ATP's are gained in the Krebs Cycle?
2
How many steps does photosynthesis involve? Name them.
2 Light-Dependent Reactions and Calvin Cycle/Light Independent Reactions
What is the net gain of molecules in glycolysis?
2 ATP (invest 2 ATP and get 4 ATP)
How much ATP does the electron transport chain create?
32 ATP
How many ATP do you gain in the cellular respiration process?
34 ATP
What is chlorophyll?
A green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs blue and red light and reflects green/yellow light which is why plants appear green
What is the Electron Transport Chain?
A series of molecules through which electrons pass that cause protons to build up on one side of the membrane
What is the Krebs Cycle?
A series of reactions that breaks down pyruvate into CO2 and energy
What does ATP change into?
ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)
How does ATP store energy?
ATP synthase is an enzyme that bonds a 3rd phosphate group to ADP
What do cells use energy for?
Active Transport; Na+ - K+ Pump; Endocytosis and Exocytosis; and Movement; Synthesis of biomolecules; reproduction
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine Triphosphate
What things require energy?
All living things require energy
What happens in the Calvin cycle/light independent reactions?
CO2 and ATP (useable energy) are used to make sugar (doesn't depend on anything) (takes CO2 and ATP and makes sugar) (sugar C6H12O6)
What is the equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (arrow) Glucose + Oxygen
What are the reactants that undergo the photosynthesis process?
Carbon dioxide and water react, using light energy, to produce glucose and oxygen
What is the function of Cellular Respiration?
Chemical energy in glucose changes to chemical energy in ATP
What do pigment molecules absorb?
Energy from certain wavelengths (colors) of light and reflect all of the others
What is the equation for cellular respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen (arrow) Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
What are the reactants that undergo cellular respiration?
Glucose and oxygen react to produce carbon dioxide, water and energy (ATP)
What are the 3 steps in cellular respiration to make 36 ATP?
Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain
What is ATP good and not good for?
Good: Transferring Energy Not Good: for storing large amounts of energy for the long term
Where is energy in an ATP molecule?
In the bonds and between the atoms
Where does cellular respiration take place?
In the mitochondria
What is Cellular Respiration?
Is the process by which cells produce energy (ATP) from carbohydrates.
Where is energy for all living things stored?
It is stored in bonds of organic compounds like carbohydrates and lipids. But cells can't use glucose directly
What happens in the light-dependent reactions?
Light energy and H2O are used to make ATP (useable energy) and O2 (depends on light) (happens a lot) (volatile-not stable for long term like ATP) (plants take ATP and makes sugar) (takes in light energy and water and creates oxygen and ATP and NADPH)
What is the function of photosynthesis?
Light energy from the sun changes to chemical energy in glucose
Does glycolysis use oxygen?
NO!!!!
What is anaerobic?
No oxygen required (glycolisis)
What are heterotrophs?
Organisms that get energy by consuming other organisms
What is aerobic?
Oxygen is required (Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport Chain)
What living things use cellular respiration?
Plants, fungi, animals, and bacteria
What happens when yeast makes bread dough rise?
Pyruvic Acid + NADH⇒Alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
Where does photosynthesis take place?
Takes place in the chloroplast.
What is the original source of energy for most things?
The Sun
What is photosynthesis?
The process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce carbohydrates and oxygen.
What do cells use ATP for?
To store and release energy that energy
How much ATP do cells keep?
Very little: ATP lasts a few seconds and the cells recharge it by burning glucose
Does the Krebs Cycle use oxygen?
YES!!!!!!!
Does alcohol evaporate during cooking?
Yes
Is the electron transport chain aerobic?
Yes, uses oxygen
What to you do to make NAD+?
fermentation
Where does ATP get its energy?
from foods like glucose
If there is no NAD+...
glycolysis cannot happen
What to all organisms (heterotrophs AND autotrophs) use the energy in food for?
to charge up their ATP. This process of releasing the energy from FOOD (glucose) to make ATP = Cellular Respiration.