Unit 6: Proteins

True or False: The process in which a protein loses its shape and function when exposed to acids, heat, and heavy metals is called deamination.

False

True or False: The size of protein determines its function.

False

True or False: There are 20 essential amino acids.

False

True or False: When excess protein is consumed, it will be stored in a specialized storage system to be used later for building muscle.

False

To help prevent foodborne illness, including that caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, foods should be refrigerated within ____________ of cooking. a. 30 minutes b. 2 hours c. 4 hours d. The same day

b. 2 hours

Which of the following is NOT a major function of protein in the human body? a. Maintaining fluid balance b. Providing a source of stored energy c. Growth and maintenance of tissue d. Synthesis of hormones

b. Providing a source of stored energy

What makes each amino acid different from the others? a. The amine group b. The side chain c. The acid group d. Both A and B are correct e. All answers are correct

b. The side chain

Consider a snack of Ak Mak crackers. The cracker ingredients include 100% stone ground whole wheat flour, water, honey, sesame oil, butter, sesame seeds, yeast, and salt. Which ingredients in the Ak Mak crackers are considered sources of protein? (Select on or more) A) 100% stone ground whole wheat flour B) Sesame Oil C) Sesame seeds D) Salt

A) 100% stone ground whole wheat flour C) Sesame Seeds

Which of the following are considered sources of complete protein? (Select one or more) A) Chicken B) Black Beans C) Green Beans D) Tofu E) Cheese

A) Chicken D) Tofu E) Cheese

What is antibiotic resistance? A) Pathogenic bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics, so that antibiotics no longer work to kill them B) People evolve resistance to antibiotics, so that taking antibiotics is no longer an option to treat them when they're sick. C) The pharmaceutical industry no longer produces enough antibiotics to treat diseases. D) Antibiotics have so many side effects that people resist taking them when prescribed.

A) Pathogenic bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics, so that antibiotics no longer work to kill them

How much protein per day does a lightly active women who is 25 years old and weighs 145 lb (66kg) need? A) 30 g B) 52 g C) 66 g D) 82 g

B) 52 g

A sedentary man who weighs 95 kg would need to eat how many grams of protein per day based on the RDA? A) 47.5g B) 76g C) 95g D) 152g

B) 76g

Per gram of protein, production of which of the following dietary protein sources results in the most greenhouse gas production? A) Chickpeas B) Beef C) Soy D) Poultry E) Dairy

B) Beef

A Complete Protein ... A) Contains all 20 amino acids B) Contains all 9 essential amino acids C) Has not been denatured D) Meets a person's daily protein requirement in one serving

B) Contains all 9 essential amino acids

If a person doesn't have enough glucose available, he or she might use amino acids to synthesize glucose. What is this process called? A) Glycolysis B) Gluconeogenesis C) Denaturation D) Enzymatic Digestion

B) Gluconeogenesis

Enzymatic digestion of proteins occurs in these 2 locations: A) Mouth and Stomach B) Stomach and Small Intestine C) Small Intestine and Large Intestine D) Mouth and Small Intestine

B) Stomach and Small Intestine

What is it that enables proteins to perform different tasks in the body? A) The number of nitrogen atoms in the side chain B) The shape (structure) of the protein C) The number of nitrogen atoms in the amino group. D) The number of side chains on the central carbob.

B) The shape (structure) of the protein

Which of the following individuals would be in positive balance? A) Someone eating a low-protein diet B) Someone being treated for cancer C) Toddler D) A healthy adult E) A pregnant woman

C) Toddler E) A pregnant woman

Absorption of the products of protein digestion occurs in which of the following organs? A) Liver and Kidneys B) Mouth C) Stomach D) Large Intestine E) Small Intestine

E) Small Intestine

True or False: Antibiotics are commonly found in milk and meat, except those that are certified organic.

False

True or False: Deamination, a process where an amino acid is stripped of its nitrogen, occurs in the stomach.

False

True or False: In a high-protein diet containing lots of red meat and processed red meat, the primary nutritional concern is the high levels of protein.

False

True or False: It is necessary to eat animal-based proteins to stay healthy.

False

True or False: Most Americans eat too little protein.

False

True or False: Protein deficiency is a common dietary problem in the United States and other developed countries.

False

True or False: The majority of protein digestion happens in the mouth.

False

True or False: In the U.S., elderly people are at higher risk for low protein intake.

True

True or False: One function of amino acids in the body is to serve as the building blocks of structural proteins like muscle and collagen.

True

True or False: Only about 10 percent of the protein consumed each day is metabolized for energy.

True

True or False: Protein is present in every cell of the body.

True

True or False: Shark and swordfish are two types of fish that typically contain high levels of mercury.

True

True or False: Whole foods are often a better source of protein than refined foods.

True

Antibiotic resistance occurs when: a. Bacteria develop a resistance to antibiotics b. Cells of the body become resistant to antibiotics c. Enzymes for digestion can no longer process antibiotics d. The body no longer recognizes the antibiotics

a. Bacteria develop a resistance to antibiotics

What is the first step of chemical digestion of protein? a. Denaturation b. Emulsification c. Enzymatic digestion d. Deamination

a. Denaturation

Which element does protein contain in its core structure that carbohydrate and fat DO NOT contain? a. Nitrogen b. Carbon c. Oxygen d. Hydrogen

a. Nitrogen

Which of the following is a source of incomplete protein? a. Pinto beans b. Eggs c. Yogurt d. Soybeans e. All answers are sources of incomplete protein

a. Pinto beans

What level of protein structure is a one-dimensional polypeptide chain of amino acids, held together by peptide bonds? a. Primary structure b. Secondary structure c. Tertiary structure d. Quaternary structure

a. Primary structure

Which is the main reason we need to eat foods with protein? a. To get the amino acids we need to build body proteins b. To provide us with energy c. To get the fatty acids we need to build body proteins d. All of the answers are correct

a. To get the amino acids we need to build body proteins

What is the AMDR recommendation for protein intake? a. <15% b. 10-35% c. 20-35% d. 45-60%

b. 10-35%

Which of the following is/are absorbed into the blood? a. Protein b. Dipeptides c. Amino acids d. Tripeptides e. All answers are correct

c. Amino acids

Which of the following is the main concern with eating a diet containing lots of red meat and processed red meat? a. Excessive intake of protein b. Increased risk of osteoporosis c. Excessive intake of saturated fat d. Increased risk of kidney disease

c. Excessive intake of saturated fat

Which of the following is a disease that results from a deficiency of calories? a. Kwashiorkor b. Ketosis c. Marasmus d. Kidney stones

c. Marasmus

Which of these are considered to be sources of protein? a. Sugar b. Sesame oil c. Oatmeal d. All answers are correct

c. Oatmeal

During protein synthesis, transcription occurs when: a. Amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds to form a polypeptide chain b. The protein folds into specific three-dimensional shapes c. The genetic information in DNA is copied into mRNA d. All answers are incorrect

c. The genetic information in DNA is copied into mRNA

Which of the following is an example of denaturation? a. Cooking an egg b. Exposure to heavy metal c. Adding and acid like lemon juice to milk to make buttermilk d. All answers are correct

d. All answers are correct

Once amino acids are absorbed into the blood, which of the following are their most important fates, assuming the body already has enough glucose? a. Used to make other amino acids b. Used to synthesize proteins needed in the body c. Converted to glucose in the liver d. Both A and B are correct e. All answers are correct

d. Both A and B are correct

What is the name of the process of disrupting the three-dimensional shape of proteins, resulting in loss of both structure and function? a. Translation b. Transcription c. Deamination d. Denaturation

d. Denaturation

Which of the following individuals would be in negative nitrogen balance? a. A toddler b. A pregnant woman c. A healthy adult d. Someone with advanced stage cancer e. Someone eating a high protein diet

d. Someone with advanced stage cancer

Which of the following food(s) is/are considered complete proteins? a. Cheese b. Peanut butter c. Whole wheat bread d. Soybeans e. A and D f. All of the above

e. A and D

Which of the following individuals would have a higher protein need compared with the average sedentary adult? a. A pregnant teenager b. An active teenager c. A breastfeeding mom d. An athlete training for the Olympics e. All of the above

e. All of the above