Unit Five Ch. 13 A&P
A reflex that leads to secretion of saliva is a(n) __________ reflex.
Visceral
All of the following are true of polysynaptic reflexes, except that they
are arranged according to dermatomes.
The ________ of each spinal nerve innervates the skin and muscles of the back.
dorsal ramus
The connective tissue layer that covers Schwann cells is the __________.
endoneurium
The layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual axons within a peripheral nerve is termed the
endoneurium.
The outermost connective-tissue covering of nerves is the
epineurium
Difficulty in swallowing may be a sign of damage to which cranial nerve(s)?
glossopharyngeal and vagus
A typical spinal nerve has a __________ ramus consisting of unmyelinated axons that innervate smooth muscles.
gray
The postganglionic fibers that connect an autonomic ganglion in the thoracic or lumbar region with the spinal nerve and contain postganglionic fibers that innervate glands in the body wall or limbs are
gray rami communicantes.
Which sensation(s) does the vestibulocochlear nerve carry?
hearing and equilibrium
A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is affected?
hypoglossal
Reflexes based on synapses formed during development are ________ reflexes.
innate
A viral disease that destroys the cells of the anterior gray horn will
lead to skeletal muscle weakness or paralysis.
Spinal nerves from the sacral region of the cord innervate the ________ muscles.
leg
Sensory innervation of the lower teeth and gums is by the ________ nerve.
mandibular branch of the trigeminal
If a person has a crush injury to the C3-C5 spinal segments, you would expect that he
might be unable to breathe on his own.
A distinction about the flexor reflex is that it __________.
moves a limb away from a painful stimulus
The flexor reflex
moves a limb away from a painful stimulus.
The input for the stretch reflex comes from the __________.
muscle spindle
The ventral rami form four major plexuses, including all of the following, except the ________ plexus.
nuchal
Droopy eyelids and double vision can result from injury to the ________ nerve.
oculomotor
The only sensation that is received directly by the cerebrum is
olfaction
Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate and synapse on neurons in the
olfactory bulb.
Which of these is not one of the essential components of a reflex arc?
output to upper motor neuron
The layer of connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle within a peripheral nerve is the
perineurium.
The ________ nerve, which arises in the cervical plexus, innervates the diaphragm.
phrenic
The brachial plexus gives rise to all of the following nerves, except the
phrenic.
The complex, interwoven network formed by contributions from the ventral rami of neighboring spinal nerves is termed a(n)
plexus.
Spinal interneurons inhibit antagonist motor neurons in a process called
reciprocal inhibition.
Clenching the fists often enhances the knee jerk reflex. This is an example of __________.
reinforcement
The tympanic reflex
restricts the movement of auditory ossicles.
As the ________ nerve approaches the knee, it divides into two branches, the fibular nerve and the tibial nerve.
sciatic
Each of the following nerves originates in the lumbar plexus, except the ________ nerve.
sciatic
In the condition ________, a virus infects dorsal root ganglia, causing a painful rash whose distribution corresponds to that of the affected sensory nerves as seen in their dermatomes.
shingles
You suspect your friend has damage to cranial nerve I when he is unable to
smell his food
Postganglionic fibers of the autonomic nervous system that innervate internal organs do not rejoin the spinal nerve but form
sympathetic nerves.
The reflex that limits muscle tension is the __________ reflex.
tendon
The reflex that prevents a muscle from exerting too much tension is the ________ reflex.
tendon
Jean needs to have a tooth in her mandible filled. Her dentist injects a local anesthetic to block pain afferents in one of her cranial nerves. What cranial nerve does the dentist numb?
trigeminal
The cranial nerve that has three major branches is the
trigeminal
The ________ innervates the ventrolateral body surface, structures in the body wall, and the limbs.
ventral ramus
Which of the following symptoms would you associate with damage to the spinal accessory nerve?
weakness of sternocleidomastoid muscle
Reflexes can be classified according to all of the following, except
whether they are sensory or motor.
The preganglionic fibers that connect a spinal nerve with an autonomic ganglion in the thoracic and lumbar region of the spinal cord and carries visceral motor fibers that are myelinated form the
white rami communicantes.
Which of the following is not true about a positive Babinski reflex?
why you close your eyes when you sneeze
An example of the brain affecting spinal reflexes is the replacement of the __________ by the __________.
Babinski sign; plantar reflex
________ is a condition resulting from an inflammation of a facial nerve.
Bell's palsy
Which of the following associations is incorrect?
11 thoracic spinal nerves
There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves.
12
A reflex arc always includes a(n) __________.
A reflex arc always includes all of these structures.
Tic douloureux is
All of the answers are correct.
An example of the brain modifying reflex patterns is _________.
All of these are examples of the brain modifying reflex patterns.
Which processes are always part of a reflex arc?
All of these processes are part of every reflex arc.
The cranial nerves that innervate the eye muscles are
III, IV, and VI.
Which of these are not properties of the stretch reflex?
It is a disynaptic reflex.
Tina falls while climbing a tree and lands on her back. Her frightened parents take her to the emergency room, where she is examined. Her knee-jerk reflex is normal and she exhibits a plantar reflex (negative Babinski reflex). These results suggest that
Tina suffered no damage to her spinal cord.
Which of the cranial nerves is named for the fact that it "wanders," that is, innervates structures throughout the thorax and abdomen?
X
In which of the following would the delay between stimulus and response be greater?
a polysynaptic reflex
The obturator nerve is distributed to the
adductors of the hip.
All of the following are true of muscle spindles, except that they
are found in tendons.
Mary is in an automobile accident and suffers a spinal cord injury. She has lost feeling in her lower body. Her doctor tells her that swelling is compressing a portion of her spinal cord. Which part of her cord is likely to be compressed?
ascending tracts
In which plexus does the ulnar nerve arise?
brachial
The ventral rami of spinal nerves C5 to T1 contribute fibers to the ________ plexus.
brachial
All of the following are true of neural reflexes, except that they
cannot be modified by the brain.
Muscles of the neck and shoulder are innervated by spinal nerves from the ________ region.
cervical
A reflex that is used to assess the sensory function of the trigeminal nerve is the ________ reflex.
corneal
Which of these cranial nerves does not carry motor impulses to the eyes?
cranial nerve II
Gustatory information reaches the brain by way of:
cranial nerve IX
The ________ reflex complements the flexor reflex by activating contralateral muscles.
crossed extensor
The __________ reflex involves activating muscles contralateral to the receptor.
crossed extensor
Which of these neural injuries will the corneal reflex not test for?
damage to cranial nerve II
The region of the body surface monitored by a pair of spinal nerves is known as a(n) __________.
dermatome