Unit Five Ch. 13 A&P

A reflex that leads to secretion of saliva is a(n) __________ reflex.

Visceral

All of the following are true of polysynaptic reflexes, except that they

are arranged according to dermatomes.

The ________ of each spinal nerve innervates the skin and muscles of the back.

dorsal ramus

The connective tissue layer that covers Schwann cells is the __________.

endoneurium

The layer of connective tissue that surrounds individual axons within a peripheral nerve is termed the

endoneurium.

The outermost connective-tissue covering of nerves is the

epineurium

Difficulty in swallowing may be a sign of damage to which cranial nerve(s)?

glossopharyngeal and vagus

A typical spinal nerve has a __________ ramus consisting of unmyelinated axons that innervate smooth muscles.

gray

The postganglionic fibers that connect an autonomic ganglion in the thoracic or lumbar region with the spinal nerve and contain postganglionic fibers that innervate glands in the body wall or limbs are

gray rami communicantes.

Which sensation(s) does the vestibulocochlear nerve carry?

hearing and equilibrium

A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is affected?

hypoglossal

Reflexes based on synapses formed during development are ________ reflexes.

innate

A viral disease that destroys the cells of the anterior gray horn will

lead to skeletal muscle weakness or paralysis.

Spinal nerves from the sacral region of the cord innervate the ________ muscles.

leg

Sensory innervation of the lower teeth and gums is by the ________ nerve.

mandibular branch of the trigeminal

If a person has a crush injury to the C3-C5 spinal segments, you would expect that he

might be unable to breathe on his own.

A distinction about the flexor reflex is that it __________.

moves a limb away from a painful stimulus

The flexor reflex

moves a limb away from a painful stimulus.

The input for the stretch reflex comes from the __________.

muscle spindle

The ventral rami form four major plexuses, including all of the following, except the ________ plexus.

nuchal

Droopy eyelids and double vision can result from injury to the ________ nerve.

oculomotor

The only sensation that is received directly by the cerebrum is

olfaction

Olfactory receptors send axons through the cribriform plate and synapse on neurons in the

olfactory bulb.

Which of these is not one of the essential components of a reflex arc?

output to upper motor neuron

The layer of connective tissue that surrounds a fascicle within a peripheral nerve is the

perineurium.

The ________ nerve, which arises in the cervical plexus, innervates the diaphragm.

phrenic

The brachial plexus gives rise to all of the following nerves, except the

phrenic.

The complex, interwoven network formed by contributions from the ventral rami of neighboring spinal nerves is termed a(n)

plexus.

Spinal interneurons inhibit antagonist motor neurons in a process called

reciprocal inhibition.

Clenching the fists often enhances the knee jerk reflex. This is an example of __________.

reinforcement

The tympanic reflex

restricts the movement of auditory ossicles.

As the ________ nerve approaches the knee, it divides into two branches, the fibular nerve and the tibial nerve.

sciatic

Each of the following nerves originates in the lumbar plexus, except the ________ nerve.

sciatic

In the condition ________, a virus infects dorsal root ganglia, causing a painful rash whose distribution corresponds to that of the affected sensory nerves as seen in their dermatomes.

shingles

You suspect your friend has damage to cranial nerve I when he is unable to

smell his food

Postganglionic fibers of the autonomic nervous system that innervate internal organs do not rejoin the spinal nerve but form

sympathetic nerves.

The reflex that limits muscle tension is the __________ reflex.

tendon

The reflex that prevents a muscle from exerting too much tension is the ________ reflex.

tendon

Jean needs to have a tooth in her mandible filled. Her dentist injects a local anesthetic to block pain afferents in one of her cranial nerves. What cranial nerve does the dentist numb?

trigeminal

The cranial nerve that has three major branches is the

trigeminal

The ________ innervates the ventrolateral body surface, structures in the body wall, and the limbs.

ventral ramus

Which of the following symptoms would you associate with damage to the spinal accessory nerve?

weakness of sternocleidomastoid muscle

Reflexes can be classified according to all of the following, except

whether they are sensory or motor.

The preganglionic fibers that connect a spinal nerve with an autonomic ganglion in the thoracic and lumbar region of the spinal cord and carries visceral motor fibers that are myelinated form the

white rami communicantes.

Which of the following is not true about a positive Babinski reflex?

why you close your eyes when you sneeze

An example of the brain affecting spinal reflexes is the replacement of the __________ by the __________.

Babinski sign; plantar reflex

________ is a condition resulting from an inflammation of a facial nerve.

Bell's palsy

Which of the following associations is incorrect?

11 thoracic spinal nerves

There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves.

12

A reflex arc always includes a(n) __________.

A reflex arc always includes all of these structures.

Tic douloureux is

All of the answers are correct.

An example of the brain modifying reflex patterns is _________.

All of these are examples of the brain modifying reflex patterns.

Which processes are always part of a reflex arc?

All of these processes are part of every reflex arc.

The cranial nerves that innervate the eye muscles are

III, IV, and VI.

Which of these are not properties of the stretch reflex?

It is a disynaptic reflex.

Tina falls while climbing a tree and lands on her back. Her frightened parents take her to the emergency room, where she is examined. Her knee-jerk reflex is normal and she exhibits a plantar reflex (negative Babinski reflex). These results suggest that

Tina suffered no damage to her spinal cord.

Which of the cranial nerves is named for the fact that it "wanders," that is, innervates structures throughout the thorax and abdomen?

X

In which of the following would the delay between stimulus and response be greater?

a polysynaptic reflex

The obturator nerve is distributed to the

adductors of the hip.

All of the following are true of muscle spindles, except that they

are found in tendons.

Mary is in an automobile accident and suffers a spinal cord injury. She has lost feeling in her lower body. Her doctor tells her that swelling is compressing a portion of her spinal cord. Which part of her cord is likely to be compressed?

ascending tracts

In which plexus does the ulnar nerve arise?

brachial

The ventral rami of spinal nerves C5 to T1 contribute fibers to the ________ plexus.

brachial

All of the following are true of neural reflexes, except that they

cannot be modified by the brain.

Muscles of the neck and shoulder are innervated by spinal nerves from the ________ region.

cervical

A reflex that is used to assess the sensory function of the trigeminal nerve is the ________ reflex.

corneal

Which of these cranial nerves does not carry motor impulses to the eyes?

cranial nerve II

Gustatory information reaches the brain by way of:

cranial nerve IX

The ________ reflex complements the flexor reflex by activating contralateral muscles.

crossed extensor

The __________ reflex involves activating muscles contralateral to the receptor.

crossed extensor

Which of these neural injuries will the corneal reflex not test for?

damage to cranial nerve II

The region of the body surface monitored by a pair of spinal nerves is known as a(n) __________.

dermatome