US Government, Chapter 7, Unit 3

television

By the 1960s, people started to rely more on __________ news than newspapers for their political information.

Franklin Roosevelt

"Fireside chats" were most associated with which president?

​seditious libel.

Conduct or language that incites rebellion again the authority of a state is called

the speed with which journalists have to act

According to journalist David Broder, what is the main factor that contributes to bias in the media?

minimal effects

According to the __________ model, in a process described as selective exposure, people secured information from sources that agreed with them, leading to the reinforcement of beliefs, not to a change of beliefs.

The Federalist Papers.

Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay published a series of articles in support of the Constitution that are known as

troll

An individual who posts outrageous things on blogs merely to get attention is sometimes referred to as a

"An Apology for Printers"

Benjamin Franklin's writing of __________ defended objectivity in journalism. Although it contradicted the prevailing view at the time, it would help set the standard for future American journalism.

agenda setting

By stressing certain issues, the media influence what the American public views as the most pressing concerns. This effect is called

social networking site

Facebook is an example of a(n)

free introductory subscriptions

Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst, the most famous newspaper publishers of their time, used all of the following to sell papers and attract readers EXCEPT

Priming

In the 2016 presidential campaign, Republicans wanted to focus on stagnant wages, while Democrats wanted to talk about declining unemployment and job creation. How these issues are emphasized by the media is an example of __________, or influencing the criteria for evaluating political leaders.

decreased by 50 percent.

In the past twenty years, Americans' confidence in the press has

New York Times v. Sullivan

In which Supreme Court case did the court require proof of actual malice in order to convict of libel?

Investigating

The mass media help ensure government accountability and responsiveness by performing three important tasks: informing,....................., and interpreting the news.

It has declined for both younger and older age groups.

Since the 1990s, what has happened to newspaper readership?

false, scandalous, and malicious writing

President John Adams' Sedition Act (1798) made it illegal to print or publish any "_________" about the federal government.

Federal Communications Commission

Which federal agency is in charge of regulating electronic media?

Watergate

The __________ scandal, uncovered by two reporters from the Washington Post, revealed questionable activities in the Richard Nixon administration.

hard news.

The decline of newspaper readership might affect the public's exposure to

Americans adopt new media quickly; there are more options for getting news than ever before

Statistics on the changing media environment suggest two main lessons:

Propaganda

The ________ model argues that the press serve the interests of government only.

Radio

The popularity of____________ has remained unchanged in the past decade as a medium of communication.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

The press concealed the health of which president, thereby preserving his public image?

blogs

Which form of media has enabled the average citizen to most easily express his or her views to a wider audience?

the minimal effects model

Which model for interpreting public opinion asserts that the news media has only marginal influence on the public's thinking about politics?

Upton Sinclair's The Jungle

What novel exposed the horrors of the meatpacking industry in 1906?

framing

When the Bush administration waged war in Afghanistan, the media emphasized the issue of fighting terrorism. This presented the war in a much more favorable light, which is an example of

Near v. Minnesota

Which Supreme Court case limited the government's ability to suppress a news story?

First

Which amendment governs freedom of press?

First Amendment

Which amendment to the Constitution protects the freedom of the press?

Most television watchers thought Kennedy won, and most radio listeners thought Nixon won.

Which assessment of the 1960 debate between Richard Nixon and John F. Kennedy is considered correct?

an aging audience

Which factor poses the biggest threat to the television evening news?

It may result in a limited watchdog function.

Which of the following is a potential problem with concentrated media ownership?

James K. Polk

Which president started his own newspaper in order to get his message out?

ABC, NBC, CBS

Which three major networks aired evening news broadcasts in the early 1960s?

The government had not met and would have needed to meet an extraordinary burden of proof for prior restraint.

Which was a result of the Pentagon Papers Supreme Court decision?

not-so-minimal effects

While not overstating power of the media, the ___________ model acknowledges that the press has a substantial impact through agenda setting.

Thomas Paine

Who published the influential pamphlet, Common Sense, which attacked King George?

Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein

Who uncovered the Watergate scandal?

​Mass media

________ refers to news sources such as newspapers, television, radio, and the Internet that provide a large audience with information about the nation and the world. ​

Soft news

__________ is news with fewer hard facts, more emphasis on personal stories that engage (or shock) the public, and often appeals to the emotions rather than the intellect.

Prior restraint

__________ is the government's ability to restrict the publication of sensitive material.

Libel

__________ is the publication of false and damaging information about someone.

Public Occurrences

__________, which began publication in Boston in 1690, had only a few pages and was more a pamphlet than a newspaper during the colonial era.

Franklin D. Roosevelt

____________ was the first president to use the radio to speak directly to the American people.

Selective exposure

___________is the process whereby people secure information from sources that agree with them, reinforcing their beliefs. Hide Feedback

watchdog

​At the heart of democracy lies the ability for the press to inform the people free from government interference, a role known as

Framing

is the ability of the media to alter the public's view on an issue by presenting it in a particular way.