US History Chapter 22

Lend-Lease Act

7 billion dollars congress appropriated to provide supplies for embattled nations

Atlantic Charter

A list of goals of the anti-Axis nations

Fascism

A nationalistic, militaristic, and totalitarian mass movement

Casablanca

Allied leaders met here to plan an invasion of Italy

Island Hopping

Allied plan to capture only important Pacific islands with air strips for heavy bombers

Dwight D. Eisenhower

American commander of Operation Torch and eventually the Supreme Allied Commander

Flying Tigers

An American volunteer group of fighter pilots who fought in China against the Japanese

Aggression Pact

An agreement between Russia and Germany not to attach each other; Secretly allowed Russia to take Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Finland, and Eastern Poland

Rhineland

An industrial land of Germany under the treaty of Versailles that was to remain demilitarized

Harry Truman

Became president at the death of FDR

Neutrality Act of 1939

Belligerents could buy weapons from the US on a cash basis and carry them home on their own ships "Cash and Carry"

Bernard Montgomery

British Field Marshall ordered by Churchill to take command in North Africa

Douglas MacArthur

Commander of all American forces in the Far East

Rationing

Conserving vital goods throughout the nation

Blitzkrieg

Fast assault. Its real meaning is "Lightning War"

Potsdam

Final war conference attended by Clement Atlee, Harry Truman, and Stalin

Dunkirk

French port on the English Channel where British civilians rescued the Allied army

Operation Torch

General Eisenhower used 850 ships to land troops on the west coast of Africa

Battle of Britain

German air attack on Great Britain causing great destruction

Luftwaffe

German air force

Adolf Hitler

German dictator

Erwin Rommel

German tank division leader in North Africa

Panzers

German tanks

Anschluss

Germany's union with Austria

Axis Powers

Germany, Italy, Japan

Hiroshima

Heavily populated city in Japan where the first atomic bomb was dropped

Nagasaki

Heavily populated city in Japan where the second atomic bomb was dropped

Benito Mussolini

Italian dictator

Hirohito

Japan's emperor

Hedeki Tojo

Japan's military leader

December 7th, 1941

Japanese bombing of American Naval Forces in Pearl Harbor

Kamikazes

Japanese suicide bombers

Sudetenland

Land in Czechoslovakia that Germany wanted to annex

Battle of Leyte Gulf

Largest sea battle ever in history

Battle of the Budge

Last German offensive

Winston Churchill

Prime minister of Great Britain

War Production Board

Reserved all materials for production of war equipment

Joseph Stalin

Russian dictator

Nisei

Second-generation Japanese-Americans placed in detention camps

Nazi Soviet Non

September 1st, 1939- Day the war began by the invasion of Poland

Wehrmacht

The German Army

Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis

The alliance of the dictator states

Okinawa

The bloodiest single campaign in the pacific

Ghettos

The crowded, unsanitary conditions where Hitler ordered all Jews to live

Operation Husky

The invasion of Italy

D-Day

The invasion of Normandy, the coast of France, on June 6, 1944

Holocaust

The massacre of millions of people (political opponents, Jews, Poles, Romanies, the disabled, Jehovah's Witnesses) by the Germans

Battle of Midway

The turning point of the war in the Pacific

Appeasement

To yield to the belligerent demands of a nation in a conciliatory effort; basically, give up what you want in order to make the other nation happy

September 2, 1945

V-J Day; the surrender of Japan

Iwo Jima

Volcanic Island where American forces eventually crushed Japanese resistance; site of important air strip

America First Committee

Watchdogs to keep allied sympathy and American involvement in check

Yalta

Where Roosevelt and Churchill met Stalin to discuss plans for post-war Europe