US History Chapter 8/9 Questions

How did the Gold Rush affect the issue of slavery?

Once California applied for statehood people didn't know if it would be a slave state or a free state

What was the significance of the Battle of Shiloh? ...The Battle of Antietam?

SHILOH- This battle was fought to gain control of the Tennessee River. This battle could have been a huge victory for the Confederacy. However, with its loss and the immense loss of human life on both sides, leaders began to realize that the Civil War would not quickly end. Bloodiest battle—up to that point; 20,000 casualties total within 2 days ANTIETAM- Forced the Confederate Army to retreat back across the Potomac River... Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation Bloodiest day in American history. About 22,000 casualties in one day

Why was capturing Chatanooga important to the Union?

Secured Tennessee and cleared the way for the invasion of Georgia.

List the main elements of the Compromise of 1850.

• CA- free • UT/ NM- popular sovereignty • DC- no slave trade • New Fugitive Slave Law

Why did Lincoln make Grant general in chief of the army?

Accomplished two crucial objects in the union. Capture of Vicksburg and Chattanooga.

How did the Emancipation Proclamation affect African Americans in the military?

Allowed African Americans on the front lines

Why did both sides begin to use conscription early in the war?

Conscription- draft. It was used to have enough people in battle on both sides.

How did problems in the Democratic Party help Abraham Lincoln win the 1860 election?

The republicans were for him and then the Democrats split on slavery so the ones that were against slavery were for Lincoln

Why did General Sherman march his army through Georgia?

To burn down Georgia and it sent a message to the South that they had to surrender

Why was the performance of the 54th Massachusetts significant for African Americans?

It was the first African American division of the army

What was the significance of the First Battle of Bull Run?

First major land battle; People started to understand the war. Boost in southern morale; first major land battle; Thomas Jonathan Jackson (Stone Wall Jackson)

Where and under what circumstances did the American Civil War begin?

Fort Sumter SC The north attacked southern ships

How did Stephen Douglas achieve passage of the Compromise of 1850?

Henry Clay put the Compromise altogether and it got rejected so Steven Douglas broke it up into different bills and got each bill passed

Why was seizing control of the Mississippi River an important strategy of the Union Navy?

Holding the river meant that major supply route for the Confederate army was cut off. It strengthened the Union blockade of Southern ports by severely restricting all other commercial trade and hampered the Confederate war efforts by restricting the movements of the Confederate armies.

How did the Confederates try to break the Union blockade?

Ironclads and confederate blockade runners

How did the Kansas Territory become an arena of civil war?

Kansas was on the border of slave and Free states Became a battleground for anti-slavery and pro-slavery forces Created 2 governments

Why did some members of Lincoln's own Republican Party disagree with him over the war?

Lincoln wished for the Union to stay the way it was, even if that meant allowing slavery to continue. A lot of his party members were abolitionists who demanded reform.

What was the cause of rioting in the North and South during the Civil War?

South- bad harvest and not enough food, Confederate soldiers were leaving, not serving people were fighting over food North- Riots over too many people being killed

How was Gettysburg a turning point in the war?

Strengthen the republicans politically • Britain would not recognize the Confederacy

What were the three short-term consequences of the Civil War?

Strengthened power of federal over state gov't • Ended Slavery • The South was socially and economically devastated

Why was the Missouri Compromise repealed?

The Supreme Court said it was unconstitutional Because they said that Kansas could be determined by popular sovereignty they had to repeal it so it could be chosen either way

How did Southern pride and tradition interfere with the South's ability to win the war?

The south wouldn't nationalize their railroads, instead it stay in the hands of private business during the war. This made moving troops and equipment a lot harder for them.

How could Uncle Tom's Cabin be considered a cause of the Civil War?

The way that slavery was depicted angered many southerners

What were the main goals of the Republican Party?

They were fighting politically against the rich southerners over slavery

Why did President Lincoln want the Union Army to capture Vicksburg?

This would cut the confederacy into two

How did Lincoln prevent Kentucky, Missouri, and Maryland from seceding? Was Lincoln justified in his actions? Why or why not?

• MD- martial law, suspension of habeas corpus • KY- neutral until attack by confederacy • MO- voted almost unanimously to stay in Union Sure, why not

How did Americans react to John Brown's raid?

• Northern abolitionists saw John Brown as a martyr • Southern abolitionists saw John Brown as a traitor and they realized that people in the north were out to get the south, not just end slavery

What were the two rulings in Dred Scott v. Sandford that increased sectional divisiveness?

• Scott had no standing in court • Missouri Compromise was ruled as unconstitutional- slavery could be anywhere

List the military innovations of the Civil War era.

• Technology o Conoidal bullets o Trench- fight from the ditches o Warfare/barricades o Attrition • Both sides used hot air balloons—spying • Telegraph—communication was faster Conscription—recruitment and draft

Explain President Lincoln's reasons for issuing the Emancipation Proclamation and the effects it had on the war.

• To clarify slaves "freedom" so they would rebel • To keep great Britain away from helping the confederates • To remove what caused the war He was worried more about preserving the union rather than actually ending all slavery. That was his goal.

How did antislavery activists justify disobeying the Fugitive Slave Act?

• Underground Railroad- helped slaves escape slavery and become free • Uncle Tom's Cabin- depicted slavery in a negative way