Values and Beliefs

2 types of values

1. instrumental 2. terminal

The function of values are

1. standards of conduct 2.decsion making/conflict resolution 3. motivation

Values do what from the environment?

Are internalized from the environment May produce guilt if actions in conflict with values not attainable

Acitivity

Being = who they are not what they achieve Doing = money/trophies/accomplishments Being/Becoming = devlpt into an integrated whole (artist/muscians )

Human Nature

Evil = always expect bad things from people Mixed = some degree good/some bad figure out people before you trust them Good = you trust people

Norm vs value

Example: Norm - Flying the national flag on a holiday Value - Patriotism Example: Norm - Wearing dark clothing & appearing solemn at a funeral Value - Respect & support of friends & family

Characteristics of Values chain

Inputs from environment perceptions value orientations decision making/conflict resolution

Values have a link with the

Link w/ social environment influencing people through interactions

Motivation in values

Motivation - Making decisions helps people gain self- respect, self-esteem, & personal growth

Tradtional - Authoratarian Approach

Religion is this says things are right or wrong: based on the belief in absolute vlue that have meaning apart from and external to people

What do values serve as?

Serve as criteria for decision-making & conflict resolution

Valuing

The process by which information, resources, & energy are selected, ordered by importance, or assigned priority in terms of value

self denial ethic to self fufillment ethic now ..... - how has this changed?

When we choose jobs now we don't think about only what can make me the most money, but also what can be the most rewarding

Personal or Social Preferences provide what?

a basis for personal actions, provide guides for reaching decisions, resolving conflict, & justifying behavior

Value Orentation

activity, human nature, people/nature, time, and relational

culture paradigm shift...the changed environment created by technology

and the resulting economy provide work for people who are exposed to the emerging value shift but still hold the old values (not everyones values shift all at once, people who old values see things changing around them... its not the end of the world if two people of a different race get married)

Norms

are rules for behavior in specific situations, while values identify what is judged as good or bad

At a young age personal values are beginning to do what?

be absorbed and are synonymous with family values; earliest values children learn and in sync with family values

Outer directed

belonging, successes, following rules, family and church are important, social life revloes around family and friends, dislike social embarrassment, order is impt and dwellings are neat , not change agents

common values

can draw a group together & help to establish boundaries within the group

1. reinforcement

children are rewarded for behaviors which reflect values/or punished if not doing the right thing - what happens to me if i do this vs that

Clarifying values

choosing, prizing, and acting

organisimic structural development approach

constructive role in formation of own values, wholeness, transformation, and self regulation, authentic, natural process (innate ability to form values within us)

Relational (lineal)

continuity thru traditions and family lines, leadership based on age or gender, heirarchy/chain of command, those in charge decide and get more; military runs like this or parents who make decisions without consulting anyone

decision making and conflict resolution in values

decisions are made using inputs from the environment using info recied thru our perceptions influenced by of value orentation; conflict situations are often resolved on the basis of one's values

Relational (individualistic)

emphasises the probelm solving ability of the individual yet the individual still has responsibility to the total society, individuals should decide for themselves - everyone can decide on their own (do your own thing)

absolute relativity approach

emphasizes the position that all values are relative, that there are no absolute or moral rules (in the context); all values are relative, nothing floating around that says this is right or wrong, depends on the situation, people can decide for themselves ; be more tolerant for other peoples differences

Person/social prefrence serve as a basis

for which others' actions are judged

Ethical Dillemas

fundamental conflict of values

Paradigm shift

fundamental reordering of the way we see the world around us; changes can move gradually (4 things - 1.basic needs=higher order 2. adopt new values 3. provide work 4. new needs adopted forming new paradigm)

Relational ( colleteral)

group emphasis on problem solving, common solution, good of the group, leadership based on expertise, not age or tradation, act as a group, everyone shares decisions and outcomes how does family do this? may sit down as a family let them negioate

Instrumental goals

help us to obtain a goal with a means to an end (early to bed, early to rise); going to class, doing your homework

culture paradigm shift... when basic needs are met people can turn to what?

higher order needs such as self actualizaiton (the middle east, the people in Egypt who were financially stable could only do this)

Acting

includes doing something with the choice repeatedly in some pattern of life (You go to class every day it is part of your routine /repeadly)

American Values

individualism, achievement/success, change and progress, ethical equality, effot and optimism, and efficency, practicality, and pragatism

Motivation

instrumental/terminal values

Universal Human Values

love, truthfulness, fairness, freedom, unity, tolerance, responsibility, and respect for life

inner directed

may not follow either may be agents of change.... Personal expression, creativity, and self actualizaiton

Prizing

means being happy with the choice and being willing to affirm the choice publicly

Personal and social prefrence

more day to day values that you apply on a regular basis; common values draw a group together

Teriminal goals

our goals, our final outcome; (health wealth etc.) your degree, getting money from that job from your degree

culture paradigm shift...to satisfify these needs individuals try

out and adopt a new set of values which in time form the basis for the new paradigm example: the civil right movement in this country, people expected things to change overnight but they now have finally change

The social character can be...

out directed, inner directed, or tradition directed

Social Values

parents function as agents of the outside culture for their children

Time

past= tradtional, repsect ansectors, learn from histroy present= today; now is all there is future = value progress, plan for tomorrow, sacrifice now is better for future ; think about climate change for our children etc

Values shape our..

perceptions, our input takes things in

The process of values includes

personal, family, and cultural

Types of values

personal, moral, and social

Value Classification

personal, moral, and social values

The transmission of values (part of the process)

reinforecment, modeling, adoption

Choosing

select freely from alternatives after throutful consideration of consequcnes

personal

self displine, self motivation, puncuality, orderliness, self-evaluation of efforts, decisiveness, being goal oriented ---- your life on a day to day basis

moral

sense of right and wrong in general

standards of conduct

standards for comparison on which to jdge/praise both ourselves and others; (serve as guide to behavior)

People/Nature Relationship

subjugation to nature = destiny, fate (external factors) harmony with nature = people and environment are interdependent (we can affect the enviro) mastery over nature = we control all aspects of our lives

2. modeling

the example you set for your children; parents and adults as socialization agents; children learn from what people do not what they say

culture paradigm shift...as the new values gain wider acceptance

the new needs and values accepted by a greater part of the cluture this forming a new paradigm

Watch the video on the different political states red/rep blue/demo

the red usually had more traditional family values but failed to uphold them

Values become self motivating factors because

their influence leads to decisions that help peple gain self respect/esteem, give guidence in making adjustments, and become influential in personal growth

Cultural values

transmitted primarly in the family - but can be transmitted also by other significant cultural representatives; developed thru family values while intergrating personal experiences and events such as holidays and special events

Tradition directed

value security and sustaining the necessities; doing things the way they have done in the past

system of ideas & beliefs that gives guidance about the worth of something, influences our beliefs about what is right or best, & impacts our decision-making processes

values

3. Adoption

values are inernalized, become part of personal standards ; i should do chores because its right to help my parents out, i wanna be a good daughter

Every situation in which we make choices uses

valuing

Relational

what is the mode of relationship to other humans

social

what you think should go on between people (support, cooperation, competition, sharing recognition, sharing, independence, justice etc. )

organisimic structural development approach is deciding for yourself what

your values are; have a natural tendency for discovering your own values and doing whats right; positive view on human nature (humanistic); says we do not someone to sit down and tell us what our values are