Values and Beliefs
2 types of values
1. instrumental 2. terminal
The function of values are
1. standards of conduct 2.decsion making/conflict resolution 3. motivation
Values do what from the environment?
Are internalized from the environment May produce guilt if actions in conflict with values not attainable
Acitivity
Being = who they are not what they achieve Doing = money/trophies/accomplishments Being/Becoming = devlpt into an integrated whole (artist/muscians )
Human Nature
Evil = always expect bad things from people Mixed = some degree good/some bad figure out people before you trust them Good = you trust people
Norm vs value
Example: Norm - Flying the national flag on a holiday Value - Patriotism Example: Norm - Wearing dark clothing & appearing solemn at a funeral Value - Respect & support of friends & family
Characteristics of Values chain
Inputs from environment perceptions value orientations decision making/conflict resolution
Values have a link with the
Link w/ social environment influencing people through interactions
Motivation in values
Motivation - Making decisions helps people gain self- respect, self-esteem, & personal growth
Tradtional - Authoratarian Approach
Religion is this says things are right or wrong: based on the belief in absolute vlue that have meaning apart from and external to people
What do values serve as?
Serve as criteria for decision-making & conflict resolution
Valuing
The process by which information, resources, & energy are selected, ordered by importance, or assigned priority in terms of value
self denial ethic to self fufillment ethic now ..... - how has this changed?
When we choose jobs now we don't think about only what can make me the most money, but also what can be the most rewarding
Personal or Social Preferences provide what?
a basis for personal actions, provide guides for reaching decisions, resolving conflict, & justifying behavior
Value Orentation
activity, human nature, people/nature, time, and relational
culture paradigm shift...the changed environment created by technology
and the resulting economy provide work for people who are exposed to the emerging value shift but still hold the old values (not everyones values shift all at once, people who old values see things changing around them... its not the end of the world if two people of a different race get married)
Norms
are rules for behavior in specific situations, while values identify what is judged as good or bad
At a young age personal values are beginning to do what?
be absorbed and are synonymous with family values; earliest values children learn and in sync with family values
Outer directed
belonging, successes, following rules, family and church are important, social life revloes around family and friends, dislike social embarrassment, order is impt and dwellings are neat , not change agents
common values
can draw a group together & help to establish boundaries within the group
1. reinforcement
children are rewarded for behaviors which reflect values/or punished if not doing the right thing - what happens to me if i do this vs that
Clarifying values
choosing, prizing, and acting
organisimic structural development approach
constructive role in formation of own values, wholeness, transformation, and self regulation, authentic, natural process (innate ability to form values within us)
Relational (lineal)
continuity thru traditions and family lines, leadership based on age or gender, heirarchy/chain of command, those in charge decide and get more; military runs like this or parents who make decisions without consulting anyone
decision making and conflict resolution in values
decisions are made using inputs from the environment using info recied thru our perceptions influenced by of value orentation; conflict situations are often resolved on the basis of one's values
Relational (individualistic)
emphasises the probelm solving ability of the individual yet the individual still has responsibility to the total society, individuals should decide for themselves - everyone can decide on their own (do your own thing)
absolute relativity approach
emphasizes the position that all values are relative, that there are no absolute or moral rules (in the context); all values are relative, nothing floating around that says this is right or wrong, depends on the situation, people can decide for themselves ; be more tolerant for other peoples differences
Person/social prefrence serve as a basis
for which others' actions are judged
Ethical Dillemas
fundamental conflict of values
Paradigm shift
fundamental reordering of the way we see the world around us; changes can move gradually (4 things - 1.basic needs=higher order 2. adopt new values 3. provide work 4. new needs adopted forming new paradigm)
Relational ( colleteral)
group emphasis on problem solving, common solution, good of the group, leadership based on expertise, not age or tradation, act as a group, everyone shares decisions and outcomes how does family do this? may sit down as a family let them negioate
Instrumental goals
help us to obtain a goal with a means to an end (early to bed, early to rise); going to class, doing your homework
culture paradigm shift... when basic needs are met people can turn to what?
higher order needs such as self actualizaiton (the middle east, the people in Egypt who were financially stable could only do this)
Acting
includes doing something with the choice repeatedly in some pattern of life (You go to class every day it is part of your routine /repeadly)
American Values
individualism, achievement/success, change and progress, ethical equality, effot and optimism, and efficency, practicality, and pragatism
Motivation
instrumental/terminal values
Universal Human Values
love, truthfulness, fairness, freedom, unity, tolerance, responsibility, and respect for life
inner directed
may not follow either may be agents of change.... Personal expression, creativity, and self actualizaiton
Prizing
means being happy with the choice and being willing to affirm the choice publicly
Personal and social prefrence
more day to day values that you apply on a regular basis; common values draw a group together
Teriminal goals
our goals, our final outcome; (health wealth etc.) your degree, getting money from that job from your degree
culture paradigm shift...to satisfify these needs individuals try
out and adopt a new set of values which in time form the basis for the new paradigm example: the civil right movement in this country, people expected things to change overnight but they now have finally change
The social character can be...
out directed, inner directed, or tradition directed
Social Values
parents function as agents of the outside culture for their children
Time
past= tradtional, repsect ansectors, learn from histroy present= today; now is all there is future = value progress, plan for tomorrow, sacrifice now is better for future ; think about climate change for our children etc
Values shape our..
perceptions, our input takes things in
The process of values includes
personal, family, and cultural
Types of values
personal, moral, and social
Value Classification
personal, moral, and social values
The transmission of values (part of the process)
reinforecment, modeling, adoption
Choosing
select freely from alternatives after throutful consideration of consequcnes
personal
self displine, self motivation, puncuality, orderliness, self-evaluation of efforts, decisiveness, being goal oriented ---- your life on a day to day basis
moral
sense of right and wrong in general
standards of conduct
standards for comparison on which to jdge/praise both ourselves and others; (serve as guide to behavior)
People/Nature Relationship
subjugation to nature = destiny, fate (external factors) harmony with nature = people and environment are interdependent (we can affect the enviro) mastery over nature = we control all aspects of our lives
2. modeling
the example you set for your children; parents and adults as socialization agents; children learn from what people do not what they say
culture paradigm shift...as the new values gain wider acceptance
the new needs and values accepted by a greater part of the cluture this forming a new paradigm
Watch the video on the different political states red/rep blue/demo
the red usually had more traditional family values but failed to uphold them
Values become self motivating factors because
their influence leads to decisions that help peple gain self respect/esteem, give guidence in making adjustments, and become influential in personal growth
Cultural values
transmitted primarly in the family - but can be transmitted also by other significant cultural representatives; developed thru family values while intergrating personal experiences and events such as holidays and special events
Tradition directed
value security and sustaining the necessities; doing things the way they have done in the past
system of ideas & beliefs that gives guidance about the worth of something, influences our beliefs about what is right or best, & impacts our decision-making processes
values
3. Adoption
values are inernalized, become part of personal standards ; i should do chores because its right to help my parents out, i wanna be a good daughter
Every situation in which we make choices uses
valuing
Relational
what is the mode of relationship to other humans
social
what you think should go on between people (support, cooperation, competition, sharing recognition, sharing, independence, justice etc. )
organisimic structural development approach is deciding for yourself what
your values are; have a natural tendency for discovering your own values and doing whats right; positive view on human nature (humanistic); says we do not someone to sit down and tell us what our values are