VTNE

Gelding

Castrated male horse

Barrow

Castrated male pig

Lateral recumbency with upper rear leg tied around neck

Castration is a common procedure performed in horses. How is a horse commonly positioned for the procedure?

Osteocytes

Cells inside the bone

Proximal

Close to the spine or body on an extremity (towards point of attachment)

Third phalanx (distal phalanx/P3) in horses

Coffin bone

Displaced abomasum

Colic is a common condition in horses. Which of the following is *not* a common cause of colic? Displaced abomasum Intestinal incarceration Enterolithiasis Intestinal volvulus

Catgut, dexon, monocryl, vicryl, caprosyn, PDS II, maxon, biosyn

Common absorbable suture types

Nylon, polyprophylene, silk, polybutester, polymerized

Common non-absorbable suture types

Miosis

Constricted pupils

Eating feces

Coprophagy is the term used to describe an animal that is doing what?

Q fever

Coxiella burnetti is the cause of what zoonotic disease in humans?

Olfactory nerve (CN I)

Cranial nerve that mediates the sense of smell, observed when the pet sniffs around its environment

Oculomotor nerve (CN III)

Cranial nerve that provides most of the extraocular muscles (dorsal, ventral, and medial rectus) and for pupil constriction

Optic nerve (CN II)

Cranial nerve that visual signals from retina to occipital lobe of brain, observed as the pet tracks an object with its eyes. It also causes pupil constriction.

Mydriasis

Dilated pupils

Antibiotics

Drugs from which of the following categories are *inappropriate* to inject into the epidural space? Alpha-2 agonists (ie; xylazine) Opioids (ie; morphine) Coriticosteroids (ie; methylprednisolone) Antibiotics (i.e; ampicillin) Local anesthetics (ie; bupivacaine)

Schedule 1 controlled substance

Drugs that have no accepted medical use, are not considered safe, and have high potential for abuse are the most controlled by the DEA (Drug Enforcement Administration). Drugs under this category such as heroin are listed as what type of category?

Urolith

During ultrasound of the bladder, a hyperechoic (white) linear structure is seen against the bladder wall that creates a black shadow obscuring all structures deep to it. What is this structure most likely?

First trimester

During which period is a human embryo or fetus most sensitive to adverse effects from radiation?

Polisher

Electrically powered, used to smooth surface after scaling. Used with prophy paste.

mEq/L

Electrolytes (potassium, sodium, chloride) are measured in what units?

Chronic vomiting

Endoscopy can be a beneficial diagnostic tool for which of the following conditions? Chronic vomiting Nephrolithiasis Pancreatitis Coughing Portosystemic shunt

Kidney

Erythropoetin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone produced mainly by the:

Distal

Far to the spine or body on an extremity (away from point of attachment)

Neurologic

Feline toxoplasmosis most often presents with which type of symptoms?

Horses

Fermentation is a microbial process that uses enzymes to decompose food so that it may be utilized by the animal. In which species is this process most utilized in the hindgut during digestion?

Iris scissors

Fine sharp scissors Used for delicate dissection

Giardia

Flagellated parasite, this is the trophozoite form seen on a fecal wet mount May also see the cyst form in a fecal float Causes watery diarrhea Very common in puppies and kittens

50 mSv

For a veterinary X-ray technician, what is the maximum permissible dose of radiation they can receive in one year?

Use of a grid with a Potter-Bucky diaphragm

For taking a diagnostic radiograph, which of the following techniques will reduce the amount of scatter radiation that reaches a film? Decreasing exposure time Moving the cassette closer to the surface of the patient Use of a grid with a Potter-Bucky diaphragm Use of an intensifying screen Use of high-speed film

Use of a grid with a Potter-Bucky diaphragm

For taking a diagnostic radiograph, which of the following techniques will reduce the amount of scatter radiation that reaches a film? Decreasing exposure time Moving the cassette closer to the surface of the patient Use of a grid with a Potter-Bucky diaphragm Use of high-speed film Use of an intensifying screen

Use of a grid with a Potter-Bucky diaphragm

For taking a diagnostic radiograph, which of the following techniques will reduce the amount of scatter radiation that reaches a film? Use of an intensifying screen Moving the cassette closer to the surface of the patient Use of a grid with a Potter-Bucky diaphragm Use of high-speed film Decreasing exposure time

Urethral stones

For which of the following disorders is an intravenous pyelogram most useful in detecting? Ureteral stones Urethral stones Gall bladder stones Lymphangiectasia Bile duct obstruction

TPLO

For which of the following procedures would an epidural be of most benefit? Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy (TPLO) Splenectomy Forelimb amputation Pericardial window

Greenstick

Fracture of soft bone where the bone can bend and be partially broken; seen in young animals

Egg, larva, nymph, adult

From youngest to oldest, what is the correct order of the tick's life cycle?

Egg, larva, nymph, adult

From youngest to oldest, which is the correct order of the tick's life cycle?

Head butting

Goats exhibiting aggressive behavior may do so most commonly in which manner?

Uric acid

Gout is an accumulation of which of the following? Uric acid Cholesterol Urea Albumin Bilirubin

Kelly Hemostatic Forceps

Grooves that run perpendicular to the blades (opposite the length of the blade) Used to clamp off bleeding vessels or vascular tissues Grooves on the run halfway down the blade

Senn rake retractor

Hand held retractor used to retract soft tissues

Rochester carmalt clamps (forceps)

Has grooves on the blade surfaces that run in the same direction as the length of the blades Used in clamping blood vessels and large tissues

Brown adson forceps

Have fine teeth at the tips Used for grasping more delicate tissue

Allis tissue forceps

Have sharp teeth at the ends Used for grasping dense tissue Used for holding slippery tissue that will be excised Used in declaw procedure to put traction on the nail

Cystine crystals

Hexagon appearance Caused by a renal tubular amino acid reabsorption defect

Coxofemoral joint

Hip joint

Miosis

Horner's syndrome can cause which of the following clinical symptoms? Exophthalmos Hind limb weakness Miosis Mydriasis

Miosis

Horner's syndrome can cause which of the following clinical symptoms? Miosis Mydriasis Hind limb weakness Exophthalmos

Guttural pouches

Horses have unique structures that are paired diverticuli of the Eustachian tube located near the pharyngeal region of the horse. What is the common name of these structures?

Mostly grass hay

Horses with laminitis should be fed which type of diet?

An indicator strip inside the pack changes color

How can a technician determine if a pack was sterilized appropriately? The pack is double wrapped prior to autoclaving, ensuring sterility The tape on the outside of the pack is not broken An indicator strip inside the pack changes color The pack is steaming when removed from the autoclave

Stop gg hatching

How do oral flea control products such as Program or Sentinel work?

Ticks

How is tularemia transmitted (what is the vector)?

7

How many cervical vertebrae do cows have?

42 days

How many days after fertilization will canine fetal skeletons first appear on a radiograph?

0.5 L

How many liters of 50% dextrose should be added to 5 liters of 0.9% saline to make a 5% dextrose solution?

200 mL

How many milliliters of 25% dextrose should be added to 1 L of 0.9% saline to make a 5% dextrose solution?

3 ml

How many milliliters of dextrose should be added to a 60 ml syringe of 0.9% NaCl to make a 2.5% dextrose solution? The patient weighs 20 kg, and the dextrose in the hospital comes in a 50% concentration.

18

How many thoracic vertebrae do horses have?

16 - 2 hands (1 hand = 4 inches)

How tall would a horse that measures 66 inches be, in hands?

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM)

Hyperthyroidism in cats can be associated with which condition?

One of the left lung lobes

If a pulmonary metastatic lesion is visible on a right lateral radiograph but not on a left lateral radiograph, where is the lesion most likely to be?

Abnormal shedding of the skin

If a snake is undergoing "dysecdysis", what does this mean?

Gerbils

If restrained in a stressful or frightening manner, which species might be prone to seizure?

Infarcted

If the kidney has a drop in blood flow and a part of the kidney dies, what would this area be termed?

Infarcted

If the kidney has a drop in blood flow and a part of the kidney dies, what would this area be termed? Dialyzed Infarcted Diuretic Azotemic

Axon

Impulses are carried away from the neuronal cell body by which of the following structures? Afferent nerve Spinous process Axon Dendrite

Administering meds

In cattle, a balling gun is sometimes used for

C. chauvoei

In cattle, black leg is caused by which of the following clostridium species? C. septicum C. chauvoei C. botulinum C. novyi

Mandibular premolars 2, 3, and 4, and molar 1

In dogs, which of the following are all permanent teeth with 2 roots? Mandibular premolars 2, 3, and 4, and molar 1 Maxillary premolars 2, 3, and 4, and molar 1 Maxillary molars 1 and 2 Mandibular premolar 1 and molars 2 and 3

Offspring may inherit the trait if one of the parents does not have the gene for the trait as long as the other one does have the trait

In domestic animals, which of the following is true regarding inheritance of a trait that is coded by a *dominant gene* according to classical rules of inheritance? No offspring will inherit the trait if only one parent has the trait Offspring may inherit the trait if one of the parents does not have the gene for the trait as long as the other one does have the trait All offspring will inherit the trait if both parents have the trait Offspring may inherit the trait even if neither of the parents has the trait

Offspring may display a recessive trait even if neither parent displays the trait

In domestic animals, which of the following is true regarding inheritance of a trait that is coded by a *recessive gene* according to classical rules of inheritance? Offspring may display a recessive trait even if only one parent carries a gene for the trait If one parent displays the recessive trait and one does not, up to 75% of the offspring should display the trait If both parents display the recessive trait, some offspring will show the trait but some will not Offspring may display a recessive trait even if neither parent displays the trait

Rem applies a quality factor to rad

In radiation safety, what is the difference between the "rad" and the "rem"?

Suprascapular nerve

In the horse, the condition known as Sweeney is caused by damage to which structure?

In the environment (off of the host)

In the typical life cycle of the flea (i.e. Ctenocephalides felis), where does the larva pupate and form into the adult flea?

Dorsal recumbency

In what position is colic surgery most commonly performed?

Arthroscopy

In which situation would perioperative antibiotics be strongly indicated? 3.5 cm lipoma excision Arthroscopy Ovariohysterectomy Orchidectomy

Arthroscopy

In which situation would perioperative antibiotics be strongly indicated? Ovariohysterectomy Orchidectomy Arthroscopy 3.5 cm lipoma excision

Equine

In which species is it common to observe Rouleaux formation in a blood smear?

Equine

In which species will you never perform a reticulocyte count?

Strongyloides westeri

Infection of foals with the parasite whose egg is shown in the image below can be associated with diarrhea in young horses. What is the parasite? The microscopic image was taken at 40X; the egg is approximately 50 um. Strongylus vulgaris Parascaris equorum Strongyloides westeri Oxyuris equi

Buck

Intact male goat

Trematodes

Ivermectin would *not* be used when treating which parasite?

Trematodes (flukes)

Ivermectin would not be used when treating which parasite? Ticks Nematodes Mites Trematodes

Mycobacterium

Johne's disease is an intestinal infection that can lead to clinical signs of diarrhea and weight loss. It affects cattle, sheep, goats, and other species. What is the Genus of the causative agent of Johne's disease?

TMS

Keratoconjunctivitis sicca (dry eye) can result from the use of which medication? Enalapril Trimethoprim-sulfa (TMS) Prednisone Cyclosporine Enrofloxacin

Osteoclast

Large cells that dissolve the bone

AS

Left ear

OS

Left eye

Adduction

Limb movement toward midline.

Equine

Lincosamides (such as lincomycin and clindamycin) are contraindicated for use in which species of animal?

Grid

Linear artifacts on a film are usually due to which of the following? Processing machine Intensifying screen Collimator Grid Film Cassette

Gas, fat, soft tissue and fluid, bone,metal

List the correct order from least-to-most radiodense (darkest-to-whitest on the film)

Tapeworm

Look like grains of rice These are the proglottids (segments from the tapeworm) that contain the eggs

Buck

Male rabbit

Chronic use of corticosteroids

Many factors can contribute to insulin resistance in pets. Which of the following can lead to insulin resistance and type II diabetes? Loss of acinar cells of the pancreas High-protein diet Increased drinking and urinating Chronic use of corticosteroids

Guaifenesin

Many times, horses require additional muscle relaxation during anesthesia. Which of the following is commonly used for its property of being a centrally acting muscle relaxant? Atracurium Guaifenesin Ketamine Succinylcholine

The anode rotates and the filament is heated

Many x-ray machines used in veterinary medicine have a 2-part exposure process. The first step involves depressing a button or pushing a pedal half-way to prepare the machine for the exposure and then a second button or fully depressing the pedal to take the exposure. What happens in the x-ray machine when the first step is started? The anode rotates and the cathode is charged The cathode rotates and the anode is charged The anode rotates and the filament is cooled The anode rotates and the filament is heated The cathode rotates and the filament is cooled

Brain, spinal cord

Meningoencephalomyelitis is an inflammatory neurologic condition that affects the central nervous system. What comprises the central nervous system?

Refrigerator

Microbiology materials or media that are not in use should be stored where?

Colic

Microscopic evaluation of peritoneal fluid would be useful in a horse with which of the following? Coughing Obesity Founder Colic

Cornea

Most rostral structure of the eye

National Association of Veterinary Technicians in America

NAVTA

Grey matter

Nervous tissue without myelin is known as which of the following? Pia mater White matter Grey matter Dura mater

Asepsis

No living organism present

99-101.5

Normal rectal temperature of a horse

Coccidia

Not zoonotic Isospora Very common in puppies and kittens

Ixodes, Lyme disease

Of the choices below, which tick is correctly matched with the corresponding disease transmitted? Ixodes, Ehrlichia Dermacentor, Ehrlichia Ixodes, Lyme disease Rhiphacephalus, Lyme disease

Senn Rake Retractor

Of the following list of retractors which one is *not* self-retaining? Senn Rake retractor Weitlaner retractor Balfour retractor Gelpis retractor

Renal failure

Of the following options, oral ulceration is most common in patients with which condition? Pancreatitis Liver failure Diabetes Renal failure

Rubriblast

On a bone marrow smear, which of the following is the most *immature* red blood cell precursor? Metamyelocyte Rubriblast Metarubricyte Reticulocyte

21 days

On average, cows have their estrous cycle how often?

Every 21 days

On average, cows have their estrous cycle how often?

Antibiotics

One of the most common incisional complications encountered in veterinary surgery is the formation of a seroma. Which of the following is a poor treatment choice for an incision diagnosed with a seroma? Exercise restriction Warm compress Placement of a drain Antibiotics

Taenia eggs

One type of tapeworm egg Look similar to roundworm eggs but are much smaller Note the stripes inside on the embryo The shell of the roundworm will not have uniform striations, while the taeniid egg shell does have striations

Cytoplasm

Organelles reside in which of the following compartments of the cell? Cell membrane Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosome

Fallopian tubes

Oviducts are also known as which of the following? Spermatic cords Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterine horns

Lice

Pediculosis refers to an infestation with:

30 minutes prior to making an incision

Perioperative antibiotics are essential in preventing unwanted infections. What is the best time to administer the antibiotic?

Cause vomiting

Phenothiazine tranquilizers such as acepromazine are frequently used as preanesthetic agents. All of the following are true statements regarding these drugs *EXCEPT* for which? They are synergistic with opioids They frequently cause hypotension They frequently cause vomiting They are not analgesics

Prevent bladder stones

Potassium citrate is most often given to dogs for which of the following reasons? Prevent bladder stones Boost energy level Arthritis pain Immune function

14 days

Pregnancy check in the mare can be performed via ultrasound as early as which of the following? 60 days 14 days 30 days 42 days

Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm)

Primarily found in the *pulmonary arteries*

Atrial fibrillation

Quinidine is a medication used to treat which condition in horses? Laminitis Colic Corneal ulceration Atrial fibrillation

Trichodectes

Regarding lice parasites, the biting louse found in canines is known as which of the following? Felicola Trichodectes Damalinia Hematopinus

Trichodectes

Regarding lice parasites, the biting louse found in canines is known as which of the following? Trichodectes Damalinia Hematopinus Felicola

Ovaries should always be removed during sterilization

Regarding sterilization in reptiles, which is true? Sterilization of female pet reptiles is recommended so that they do not develop estrogen toxicity Only the oviducts should be removed and ovaries should be left intact Ovaries should always be removed during sterilization Reptiles should not be sterilized due to sensitivity to anesthetics

Ovaries should always be removed during sterilization

Regarding sterilization in reptiles, which is true? Ovaries should always be removed during sterilization Sterilization of female pet reptiles is recommended so that they do not develop estrogen toxicity Reptiles should not be sterilized due to sensitivity to anesthetics Only the oviducts should be removed and ovaries should be left intact

Mast cells

Release histamine and heparin Note the very granular appearance of the cells

AD

Right ear

OD

Right eye

Toxocara canis/cati

Roundworms Very common in puppies and kittens The cause of ocular larva migrans *ZOONOTIC* Nematode

Eructation (burping)

Ruminants frequently belch or burp to release gas from the forestomach. What is the term for this process known as? Casting Apnea Fermentation Eructation

Gelpi retractor

Self retaining Most often used in orthopedic and neuro surgeries

Balfour retractor

Self-retaining Used to hold open an incision site Larger balfours are used to hold open the body wall during laparotomy

Dark red

Septic shock may cause the gums to appear:

Fall

Sheep mostly breed during which season?

Hollow organs

Smooth muscle is found in what regions? Within the muscles of mastication Hollow organs Extremities Within the muscles of the eye

Bladder

Snakes have the same organs as mammals except they lack which of the following? Liver Lungs Spleen Bladder

Measure BG

Sodium fluoride is the preferred anticoagulant for which of the following purposes? Measurement of blood glucose Assessment of most enzymatic activities Assessment of the coagulation cascade Assessment of white blood cell morphology

Higher exposures can be used

Some x-ray machines have the option of using 2 different sized filaments at the cathode. Which of the following is an advantage of using a larger filament? Higher exposures can be used Improved image definition Increased penumbra effect Decreased penumbra effect

Metastasis

Spread of cancer from the primary site to another site

Ranula

Sublingual mucocele

Colitis

Sulfasalazine is sometimes used in veterinary medicine to treat which chronic condition?

Mastectomy

Surgical removal of a mammary gland

Teletamine and zolazepam

Telazol is commonly used in veterinary anesthetic immobilizations. Telazol is a combination of which two drugs? Ketamine and diazepam Acepromazine and butorphanol Ketamine and xylazine Teletamine and zolazepam

Ptyalism

Term for drooling; is sometimes observed in patients with dysphagia.

Stomatitis

Term for inflammation of the soft structures in the oral cavity (cheeks, gums, tongue, etc.).

Tarsocrural joint

The "hock joint" of a horse is more appropriately identified as what structure?

Official ethics

The National Association of Veterinary Technicians in America adopting a code of ethics is an example of which branch of ethics?

Menace

The _______ response is the waving of the hand at the dog's eye to see if it blinks

The sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

The autonomic nervous system refers to what?

Epaxial muscles

The best locations to administer intramuscular injections, such as penicillin, to a horse include all of the following EXCEPT? Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Pectorals Epaxial muscles Muscles of the neck

Medial saphenous

The cat in this picture is having an IV catheter placed into which vein?

Sarcolemma

The cell membrane which encloses a muscle fiber

Rumen, reticulum, omasum, abomasum

The correct order of the ruminant digestive system in regards to the chambers of their stomach

It is a diuretic for her pet's congestive heart failure

The doctor hands you a written prescription for spironolactone and asks you to give it to a client while they are checking out. The client asks you to remind her what this medication is for again, and you reply that: It is a diuretic for her pet's congestive heart failure It is an anti-inflammatory for her pet's post-operative pain It is a steroid inhibitor used for treating Cushing's disease It is a corticosteroid used for treating Addison's disease

Oviduct

The egg is fertilized in which of the following structures? Peritoneum Oviduct Uterus Vagina

Triceps brachium

The elbow is extended by which muscle?

Thelazia

The eyeworm Nematode Found found in the eyelids, tear glands and ducts, under the third-eyelid or on the conjunctiva Transmitted by Diptera flies that feed on tears May be found in both small and large animals

Dirofilariaimmitis microfilaria

The first stage in development of heartworm Transmitted via mosquito

25-50 bpm (35 bpm average)

The heart rate for an adult horse should generally be within what range?

Ctenocephalides felis

The intermediate host of Dipylidium caninum and is important in its transmission

Synovial fluid

The mucin clot test can be used when evaluating which fluid type?

Ulna

The olecranon is a structure of which bone?

Maintaining blood calcium level

The parathyroid gland is responsible for which of the following? Causing milk letdown Maintaining blood calcium level Making insulin Releasing catecholamines

mesial

The portion of the tooth that is in line with the dental arcade and closest to the rostral midline of the dental arch

Hematuria

The presence of blood in the urine

CN II

The retina is innervated by which cranial nerve?

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

The small intestine is made up of four layers. Which of the following describes these layers from inside to outside? Muscularis, submucosa, mucosa, serosa Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa Serosa, mucosa, submucosa, muscularis Serosa, submucosa, mucosa, muscularis

Olsen-Hegar Needle holder

The surgeon uses this instrument to place and cut his sutures. Identify this instrument (see image).

Hock

The tibiotarsal joint may also be referred to as

Subcutaneous on the lateral aspect of a forelimb as distal as possible

The veterinarian asks you to please administer an FVRCP vaccination to a cat that is boarding. Where should you administer the vaccination?

Hip dysplasia

The veterinarian is performing an orthopedic exam and says a dog has positive Ortolani sign. What corresponds with this?

Surgical excision and closure of the external ear canal

The veterinarian you work for is referring a Cocker Spaniel for an ear canal ablation procedure. What will this procedure entail?

Gelpi

This retractor is being used to hold open a laryngotomy incision in a horse. Which instrument is this?

Borreli burgdorferi

Ticks can serve as vectors to transmit several diseases in animals including Lyme disease. What is the agent that causes Lyme disease?

Distal to BP cuff but proximal to metatarsal pad

To obtain an accurate blood pressure in this patient, the doppler crystal should be placed:

Twisted on itself

Torsion of an organ means that what has happened to it?

Ventral

Towards the abdomen

Dorsal

Towards the backbone

Cranial

Towards the head

Medial

Towards the midline

Caudal

Towards the tail

5 tablets (0.5 tab q8 3 days)

Tramadol is to be sent home with a 27 pound Beagle following a routine ovariohysterectomy. The veterinarian wants you to fill the prescription giving 2 mg/kg every 8 hours PO for 3 days. Tramadol comes in 50 mg tablets. How many tablets will you dispense?

Hardware disease

Traumatic reticuloperitonitis or pericarditis in cattle is most commonly known as which of the following conditions?

Abortions

Trichomoniasis causes which condition in cattle?

Whipworm

Trichuris vulpis Bipolar plugs seen on the eggs

Rabbits

Tularemia would most likely be carried by which animal?

Intubated, manually ventilated with 100% oxygen, vet should be notified

Two technicians are inducing anesthesia on a cat for an ovariohysterectomy. The veterinarian is not present in the room. The cat becomes apneic. In what order should steps be taken to intervene? The cat should be:

Calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals

Typically form in acidic urine

Struvite crystals (magnesium ammonium phosphate)

Typically form in alkaline urine

Facility is over-crowded

Under which circumstances are pigs most likely to bite each other's tails? When there is more than one male in a group When the facility is over-crowded When they are fed a grain-only diet When a pig has an open wound

Palmar

Underside of the forepaw

Plantar

Underside of the hindpaw

Purple

Upon gram staining, gram-positive bacteria will appear what color when visualized under the microscope?

Mayo scissors

Used for cutting thick tissues Used for blunt dissection on larger tissues

Hartmann alligator forceps

Used for removing ear foreign bodies

Metzenbaum scissors

Used to cut delicate tissue Used for blunt dissection

Extraction forceps

Used to extract teeth

Veterinary technicians shall aid society and animals through providing excellent care and services for animals. Veterinary technicians shall prevent and relieve the suffering of animals. Veterinary technicians shall promote public health by assisting with the control of zoonotic diseases and informing the public about these diseases. Veterinary technicians shall assume accountability for individual professional actions and judgments. Veterinary technicians shall protect confidential information provided by clients. Veterinary technicians shall safeguard the public and the professional against individuals deficient in professional competence or ethics. Veterinary technicians shall assist with efforts to ensure conditions of employment consistent with the excellent care for animals. Veterinary technicians shall remain competent in veterinary technology through commitment to life-long learning. Veterinary technicians shall collaborate with members of the veterinary medical profession in efforts to ensure quality health care services for all animals.

Veterinary Technician Code of Ethics

Non enveloped viruses

Viruses with this characteristic are significantly more resistant to environmental degradation; in other words, they survive longer in the environment.

Test for pain

What are hoof testers used for in horses?

Cassette front, padding, intensifying screen, film, intensifying screen, padding, cassette back

What are the components of a typical X-ray cassette in order from front (where X-rays enter) to back?

Improper calcium/phosphorus ratio

What causes Metabolic Bone Disease (MBD) in tortoises?

Ancylostoma

What causes cutaneous larval migration in humans?

Hypersensitivity to sound and touch, characterized by signs such as muscle spasms (stiff gait) and protrusion of the third eyelid

What clinical signs are associated with infection with Clostridium tetani in the horse?

Red blood cells that are small, very dark, and perfectly round

What do spherocytes look like under the microscope?

Hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits

What does Eimeria stiedai cause? It is a non-pathogenic coccidia in horses Intestinal coccidiosis in dogs and cats Hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits Cloacal coccidiosis in chickens

Tarsocrural effusion

What does bog spavin describe?

Urine that has the same specific gravity as the plasma

What does isosthenuria indicate?

The parasite does not undergo development on the animal

What does it mean if an animal is a paratenic host of a parasite?

Inability to sweat

What does the word anhidrosis mean?

Habronema

What equine gastrointestinal parasite, when deposited at an abnormal site on the skin or mucous membranes, is responsible for causing the eosinophilic granulomas known as summer sores?

Bleeding

What health problem might you see in a dog who has an elevated prothrombin time (PT) on his lab report?

Mitral

What heart valve is responsible for separating blood between the left atrium and left ventricle

Oxytocin

What hormone stimulates uterine contraction?

Emasculator

What instrument is used to perform a castration in horses?

Run

What is a frightened sheep most likely to do? Kick Bite Head butt Run

Sublingual mucocele

What is a ranula? Anal gland infection Sludge accumulation in the gallbladder Sublingual mucocele Cyst on the eyelid

Ear wax

What is cerumen?

Abdominal pain that can be secondary to multiple etiologies

What is colic in a horse?

Artificial lighting

What is commonly done to get a mare to cycle out of season?

Abduction

What is it called when a limb is moved outward or away from the median plane of the body?

Determining morphology of cells

What is new methylene blue stain is used mostly for? Determining if bacteria are gram-positive Determining morphology of cells Determining if bacteria are gram-negative Staining yeast Determining if bacteria are acid-fast

Valium

What is the "antidote" or treatment for Flagyl toxicity in animals?

Carapace

What is the "top" shell of a tortoise called? Choana Scute Carapace Plastron Cloaca Patagium

107 F

What is the average cloacal temperature of a chicken?

150 days

What is the average gestation for goats and sheep?

150 days

What is the average gestation for goats and sheep? 83 days 240 days 100 days 150 days

Approximately 285 days

What is the average gestation length of a cow?

340 days

What is the average gestation length of a horse?

Subpalpebral lavage system

What is the best way to administer long-term medications to the eye of a horse with a severe corneal ulcer?

Cradle one hand under the neck and grasp the base of the tail with the other hand

What is the best way to restrain a foal?

Thumb and forefinger under front legs, other hand at base of tail

What is the best way to restrain a unwilling rat for an exam?

Ichthyophthirius multifiliis

What is the causative agent of what is commonly known as "Ich" in fish?

Parrot fever

What is the common term for Psittacosis (Ornithosis)?

Opossum

What is the definitive host for the causative agent of equine protozoal myelitis/myeloencephalitis? Wildebeest Opossum Donkey Horse Raccoon

Upper: 3-1-4-3 Lower: 3-1-3-3

What is the dental formula for the adult horse (i.e. incisor-canine-premolar-molar)?

Produce mucous

What is the function of a goblet cell?

To decrease the exposure necessary to create an image on the film

What is the function of the screen of an X-ray cassette? Allow use of higher kVp settings To decrease the exposure necessary to create an image on the film Absorb scatter radiation to increase image clarity Protect the film from light

3-5 days

What is the ideal age for tail docking in puppies?

5-6 months

What is the ideal recommended age for spays and neuters?

Stimulate respirations

What is the main effect of Dopram (doxopram hydrochloride)?

6-8 L

What is the maximum amount of oral fluids that a horse should receive at a time?

3 days

What is the maximum time a fecal can be used for fecal flotation with zinc centrifugation to look for ova and parasites if kept in the refrigerator?

15 mL

What is the maximum volume that can be injected intramuscularly in the larger muscle groups of an average adult horse?

Onychectomy

What is the medical term for declawing?

Hyperkalemia

What is the most common and life-threatening metabolic abnormality in a cat with a urethral obstruction?

Abnormal development

What is the most common cause of flexural and angular deformities in horses?

Base apex lead

What is the most common lead system used in a horse for electrocardiography (ECG) tracings? aVR Base-apex lead Lead III aVL Lead II

Manual rectal palpation

What is the most common method of pregnancy diagnosis in cattle?

Relieve urethral blockage

What is the most common reason for placing a urinary catheter in a male cat?

Ascaris suum

What is the most common swine gastrointestinal parasite?

Jugular vein

What is the most commonly used location for intravenous catheters in horses?

Zinc sulfate centrifugation

What is the most commonly used method for fecal parasite testing for dogs and cats?

Estrus

What is the most likely period of time during the estrous cycle that a female will be receptive to mating?

Quadriceps

What is the name for the muscle group that includes the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius?

Ixodes scapularis

What is the name of the tick that is the primary vector for transmitting the bacteria which causes Lyme Disease?

Around the maxilla, over the snout

What is the proper location for a hog snare? Around the hind leg, above the hock Around the neck, dorsal to the ears Around the mandible Around the maxilla, over the snout

Proptosis

What is the proper term for when the globe (eye) comes out of the orbit due to trauma?

Palmar aspect

What is the proper terminology to describe a laceration under the right forelimb paw?

Using two hands, one around the thorax and under the front legs, and one hand grasping the base of the tail

What is the proper way to restrain a rat for routine procedures? Scruff the rat at the nape of the neck. Scruff the rat and hold the back legs. Hold the rat from the tip of tail and grasp the thorax. Place the rat in a squeeze cage. Cup the rat in the palm of your hand. Using two hands, one around the thorax and under the front legs, and one hand grasping the base of the tail

Spay

What is the recommended treatment option for a closed pyometra?

Cylindrical

What is the shape of a bacillus such as the bacteria that causes anthrax, Bacillus anthracis?

Clamp or pinch off stomach tube prior to removing

What is the single most important thing to do when removing a stomach tube from a patient?

250 F for 13 min

What is the standard temperature and duration accepted for autoclaving? 1200 degrees Fahrenheit for 60 minutes 150 degrees Fahrenheit for 55 minutes 250 degrees Fahrenheit for 13 minutes 400 degrees Fahrenheit for 20 minutes

Azotemic

What is the term that describes an animal with elevated blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels measured in the blood?

ACTH stimulation

What is the test of choice for diagnosing Addison's disease in dogs?

2 weeks

What is the typical length of time that an incision should be monitored after an uncomplicated surgery?

Cervical 7, Thoracic 13, Lumbar 7, Sacral 3

What is the vertebral formula for dogs and cats? Cervical 6, Thoracic 10, Lumbar 7, Sacral 7 Cervical 6, Thoracic 12, Lumbar 5, Sacral 13 Cervical 3, Thoracic 12, Lumbar 6, Sacral 7 Cervical 7, Thoracic 13, Lumbar 7, Sacral 3

90%

What percentage of mammary gland tumors in the cat are malignant?

Myelogram

What procedure requires the use of contrast (dye)? Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Ultrasound Myelogram CT scan Arthroscopy

Sheeps

What species, if overworked, is most at risk for hyperthermia?

Goiter

What term describes an enlarged thyroid gland?

Fructosamine

What test can be performed to confirm diabetes if a stressed cat has hyperglycemia?

Iris, choroid, ciliary body

What three parts make up the uveal tract in the eye? Iris, choroid, ciliary body Iris, lens, conjunctiva Ciliary body, iris, lens Sclera, iris, pupil

Struvite

What type of crystal tends to form in urine that is alkaline and typically appears as a 6-8 sided prism with tapering sides?

Cryptosporidium parvum

What zoonotic pathogen might a technician contract from treating a 10 day old dairy calf with diarrhea?

UVB

When a tortoise is kept in an indoor enclosure, what is the most important light in that enclosure?

60 mL/kg

When an anesthetized patient is to be placed on a circular or semiclosed anesthesia circuit, the correct reservoir bag size is determined by using which of the following? 60 mL/lB/min 60 mL/lb 60 mL/kg 60 mL/kg/min

6-8 L

When collecting blood for a blood transfusion, the maximum recommended amount that can be collected from a donor horse (500 kg) is what volume?

Bulbis glandis

When dogs are mating, the male dog "ties" with the female so that the penis cannot be removed from the vagina for a period of time. This is due to the swelling of which structure?

0 or 1-0 monofilament non-absorbable suture

When doing a tie-over bandage, which suture would be the best suited for the "loop sutures" located around the wound periphery? 2-0 catgut suture 5-0 non-absorbable suture 2-0 multifilament absorbable suture 5-0 Polysorb suture 0 or 1-0 monofilament non-absorbable suture

Doesn't matter

When drawing blood for a fructosamine level in a canine, how many hours do you have to wait after insulin is given to draw the blood? 6 hours Doesn't matter 12 hours 8 hours 1 hour

Talons

When handling a raptor, what is the anatomic structure that can cause the most damage to a handler?

After being cleaned in the ultrasonic cleaner

When is the appropriate time to immerse surgical instruments in surgical milk? After a preliminary rinsing of the instruments After being cleaned in the ultrasonic cleaner Immediately after surgery Just prior to placing them in the ultrasonic cleaner

Lidocaine

When performing a lameness examination in a horse, perineural anesthesia is used to localize the site of lameness. The most common medication used to perform perineural anesthesia in a horse is what drug?

Recipient serum with donor erythrocytes

When performing a major cross-match when a blood transfusion is necessary, which of the following samples are mixed? Recipient serum and donor platelets Recipient serum with donor erythrocytes Recipient erythrocytes with donor serum Recipient platelets with donor serum Recipient serum with donor neutrophils

Finochietto

When performing a median sternotomy as seen in the image below, the surgeon will use the retractor seen in the image. What is its name?

Jacobs chuck

When performing orthopedic surgery, it is sometimes necessary to advance a pin into the medullary canal of a bone. Which of the following instruments should the surgeon be provided to advance a pin? Periosteal Freer elevator Jacobs chuck Mallet Osteotome

The lateral side of the right limb should be to the viewer's left; the lateral side of the left limb should be to the viewer's right

When placing craniocaudal radiographs of the stifle joint on a viewer for a veterinarian to evaluate, how should the film be oriented?

The cranial or dorsal side of the limb should be to the left and the proximal aspect should be toward the top of the viewbox

When placing lateral radiographs of the stifle joint on a viewer for a veterinarian to evaluate, how should the film be oriented? The cranial or dorsal side of the limb should be to the right and the distal aspect should be toward the top of the viewbox The cranial or dorsal side of the limb should be to the right and the proximal aspect should be toward the top of the viewbox The cranial or dorsal side of the limb should be to the left and the proximal aspect should be toward the top of the viewbox The cranial or dorsal side of the limb should be to the left and the distal aspect should be toward the top of the viewbox

9 times greater intensity at 30 cm compared to 90 cm

When taking a radiograph of an equine limb, you take a radiograph where the portable X-ray unit source is 90 cm away from the cassette. You then move closer so that the X-ray source is now 30 cm away from the cassette. If no changes were made to the settings of the machine, what will the beam intensity be at the second radiograph relative to the first one? 1/6 intensity at 30 cm compared to 90 cm 3 times greater at 30 cm compared to 90 cm 6 times greater at 30 cm compared to 90 cm 1/3 intensity at 30 cm compared to 90 cm 9 times greater intensity at 30 cm compared to 90 cm

The tibia and fibula will appear elongated

When taking a radiograph of the tibia and fibula, which of the following will occur if the x-ray beam is perpendicular to the tibia and fibula but not to the x-ray cassette and film? The tibia will appear elongated, and the fibula will appear foreshortened The tibia and fibula will appear foreshortened The tibia will appear foreshortened, and the fibula will appear elongated The tibia and fibula will appear elongated

Lay instruments in open position

When using the ultrasonic cleaner, it is important to do which of the following? Lay the instruments in an open position Add surgical milk to the solution Scrub the instruments while the ultrasonic cleaner is running Run the clean cycle for at least 27 minutes

Epididymis

Where do sperm mature? Oviduct Epididymis Vas deferens Prostate

Epaxial muscles

Where is the best place to give an intramuscular injection in a dog?

Right atrium

Where is the sinoatrial node located?

Caudal tail fold

Where is the standard tuburculosis test administered in the bovine species? Caudal tail fold Proximal axilla Eye lid Ear pinna

Nasal cavity of a sheep

Where might you find the parasite Oestrus ovis? In the ear of a goat Nasal cavity of the sheep Under the skin of a rabbit Under the skin of a cow

eye lid

Where on a primate's body are they tested for tuberculosis?

Caudoventral

Where should you palpate a standing animal for the urinary bladder? Rostral Caudoventral Caudodorsal Cranioventral

Erythrocytes of cattle

Where would you find Anaplasma marginale? Platelets of horses Erythrocytes of cattle Urine of sheep White blood cells of horses

Testicle

Where would you find a Sertoli cell tumor?

Kidney

Where would you find the Loop of Henle? Heart Kidney Liver Ear

The proximal 1/3 of the snake along the lateral edge of the ventral scales

Where would you give a sub Q injection in a snake?

Yorkies

Which breed is most likely to have a portosystemic shunt? Labrador Rottweiler Yorkshire terrier Bedlington terrier

Mitochondria

Which cell structure is responsible for producing ATP?

Doxorubicin

Which chemotherapeutic agent has been associated with cardiotoxicity? Lomustine Doxorubicin L-asparaginase Cyclophosphamide

Cisplatin

Which chemotherapy drug is contraindicated for use in cats? Cisplatin Doxorubicin Vincristine Prednisone L-Aspariginase

Urolithiasis

Which condition occurs least commonly in the horse? Enterolithiasis Urolithiasis Laminitis Intestinal incarceration

Low protein

Which diet is the most appropriate for a cat in chronic renal failure?

Addison's disease

Which disease can cause a severe bradycardia that could be life-threatening?

Xylazine

Which drug is a commonly used sedative for horses?

Enalapril

Which drug is known as an ACE-inhibitor? Enalapril Metoclopramide Diphenhydramine Acepromazine

FLV

Which feline disease is most commonly transmitted via saliva sharing, such as through food or water bowls, grooming, etc.? Feline Infectious Peritonitis Feline Leukemia Virus Toxoplasma Feline Immunodeficiency Virus

Estrogen

Which hormone causes the vaginal cells of the female dog to proliferate and form cornified epithelium?

evaluates tissue architecture

Which is *NOT* true of cytology? It can be useful to help differentiate a tumor from inflammatory tissue It evaluates tissue architecture It is read under the microscope One method of sample collection is a fine needle aspirate

Elbow

Which is a hinge joint connecting the humerus to the radius and ulna? Stifle Tarsus Elbow Shoulder

Atlantoaxial

Which joint allows rotational movement of the head from side to side (from right to left or left to right)?

Atropine

Which medication is commonly given to patients with organophosphate toxicity?

Sucralfate

Which medication is considered a gastric "band-aid"? Metoclopramide Metronidazole Pepcid-AC Sucralfate

Capillaria plica

Which nematode may be found in the bladder or urinary tract of dogs? Uncinaria stenocephala Capillaria aerophila Capillaria plica Ancylostoma caninum

Capillaria plica

Which nematode may be found in the bladder or urinary tract of dogs? Capillaria aerophila Uncinaria stenocephala Ancylostoma caninum Capillaria plica

Epi

Which neurotransmitter is associated with the sympathetic nervous system?

Collimator

Which of the following are intended to shield the user from the primary X-ray beam? Collimator Dosimeter badge Thyroid shield Lead gloves Apron

Gluteal muscles

Which of the following areas should be *avoided* when giving intramuscular injections in cattle? Pectoral muscles Gluteal muscles Shoulders Neck

10

Which of the following blades is the most commonly used when incising the skin of an animal? No. 10 No. 12 No. 20 No. 11

Increase milliamperage

Which of the following can be easily changed by a technician to increase the amount of exposure on a radiograph without affecting the amount of contrast? Increase milliamperage Increase kilovoltage Decrease time of exposure Decrease field size ("cone down")

Increase milliamperage

Which of the following can be easily changed by a technician to increase the amount of exposure on a radiograph without affecting the amount of contrast? Increase milliamperage Increase kilovoltage Decrease time of exposure Decrease field size ("cone down")

Tetanus

Which of the following conditions causes muscle rigidity and a "saw horse"-like stance? Cushing's disease Myasthenia gravis Immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (ITP) Tetanus

String foreign body

Which of the following conditions would cause the bowel to appear plicated (see photo)?

First, developer converts exposed silver crystals into black metallic silver and then fixer dissolves unexposed silver crystals

Which of the following correctly describes the order and function of fixer and developer solutions during radiograph processing? First, developer dissolves unexposed silver crystals and then fixer converts exposed silver crystals into black metallic silver First, fixer converts exposed silver crystals into black metallic silver and then developer dissolves unexposed silver crystals First, fixer dissolves unexposed silver crystals and then developer converts exposed silver crystals into black metallic silver First, developer converts exposed silver crystals into black metallic silver and then fixer dissolves unexposed silver crystals

Dog, Pig, Sheep, Horse, Llama

Which of the following correctly lists the species in order from shortest to longest gestation length? Dog, Pig, Sheep, Horse, Llama Ferret, Dog, Sheep, Pig, Horse Cat, Ferret, Sheep, Cow, Horse Pig, Sheep, Horse, Cow, Llama

Metoclopramide

Which of the following drugs increases gastrointestinal motility? Diphenhydramine Metoclopramide Famotidine Barium

Metoclopramide

Which of the following drugs increases gastrointestinal motility? Metoclopramide Barium Diphenhydramine Famotidine

Butorphanol

Which of the following drugs is NOT useful in the treatment of seizures? Diazepam Butorphanol Potassium bromide Propofol Phenobarbital

Xylazine

Which of the following drugs is a sedative, analgesic, and also provides muscle relaxation? Xylazine Tilitamine Acepromazine Ketamine

Metoclopramide

Which of the following drugs is considered an anti-emetic? Methoxyflurane Methocarbamol Methimazole Metoclopramide

Chloramphenicol

Which of the following drugs should *not* be given to any animal intended for human consumption? Amprolium Chloramphenicol Oxytetracycline Prostaglandin F2-alpha

Renal casts

Which of the following findings in a urine sample is associated with renal tubular damage or disease? Bilirubin Renal casts Red blood cells White blood cells

Avocado

Which of the following foods is considered toxic to parrots? Chicken Avocado Cheese Blueberries Habanero peppers

Debakey

Which of the following instruments is the least traumatic to use on the intestine? Brown-Adson forceps Rat-toothed forceps Curved mosquito forceps Debakey forceps

Ocular pressure

Which of the following is *NOT* a common method of restraint in the horse? Nose chain Lip chain Skin twitch Ocular pressure Nose twitch

Hypokalemia

Which of the following is *not* a common cause of dystocia? Hypokalemia Uterine inertia Decreased pelvic diameter Oversize fetus

Freezing

Which of the following is *not* an acceptable means of euthanasia in reptiles? Freezing Anesthetic followed by decapitation Injectable pentobarbital Carbon dioxide

Demodex

Which of the following is *not* typically associated with pruritus? Cheyletiella Malassezia Demodex Microsporum canis Otodectes Sarcoptes

It makes and stores glucose

Which of the following is *true* of the liver? It produces amylase for digestion It does not have the ability to regenerate It is the only source for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) It makes and stores glucose

Cold to touch

Which of the following is NOT a component of an incisional dehiscence secondary to infection? Cold to the touch Swelling Pain Purulent discharge

Thiopental

Which of the following is NOT a drug used for the treatment of internal parasites? Praziquantel Pyrantel Sulfadimethoxine Fenbendazole Thiopental

Use clay based litter

Which of the following is NOT a good recommendation to make to an owner after having had a declaw performed on their cat? Discourage licking or chewing of the toes Monitor the bandages for slippage Use clay based litter in the litter box Restrict his activity as much as possible

CRIs

Which of the following is NOT a use for an indwelling arterial catheter? Measurement of arterial blood gasses Blood pressure monitoring Constant rate infusions Collection of blood samples

Strongylus equorum

Which of the following is NOT considered a clinically important large strongyle in the horse? Strongylus equinus Strongylus equorum Strongylus edentatus Strongylus vulgaris

It is also referred to as a closed suction drain

Which of the following is NOT true concerning a penrose drain? It is a passive drain It is also referred to as a closed suction drain Fluid drains around the penrose tube, not through it It is a soft, thin-walled, collapsible, latex rubber tube

Usually normal (depends on type/amount)

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the presence of crystals in a dog or cat urine sample? It is usually normal It is never normal It is always normal Crystals are not present in urine

Bupivacaine

Which of the following is a local anesthetic of choice for use in veterinary dentistry because it can provide 3-5 hours of pain relief? Bupivacaine Proparacaine Preservative-free morphine Lidocaine

MCV

Which of the following is a measure of red blood cell size on a complete blood count? Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) Hematocrit Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)

Monocyte

Which of the following is a phagocytic cell of the immune system? Natural Killer (NK) cell Monocyte Mast cell B-Lymphocyte

Mouthparts may be left embedded and create a focus for infection

Which of the following is a reason why a tick should not be removed without an effective removal device? Improperly squeezing the tick may cause the animal to have an anaphylactic reaction Mouthparts may be left embedded and create a focus for infection Ticks should never be removed manually and should be allowed to fall off in time or killed with an acaricide Partial removal of the tick may increase the risk of transmission of certain rickettsial diseases

Cause inhibition of excessive salivation

Which of the following is an *expected* side effect of atropine? Cause mild sedation Cause bradycardia Cause inhibition of excessive salivation Cause pupillary constriction

CPDA

Which of the following is an appropriate anticoagulant for collection of blood from a donor horse for the purposes of blood transfusion to a recipient horse? Heparin EDTA Sodium fluoride Citrate-phosphate-dextrose adenine (CPDA) Citrate phosphate dexamethasone

Variation in temperature at which an assay is performed

Which of the following is an example of an analytical variable that may adversely affect the accuracy of a laboratory result? Genetic variation within a breed or population Variation in temperature at which an assay is performed Obtaining a blood sample from a non-fasted patient A mislabeled tube

Safety glasses

Which of the following is an important safety feature that one must follow when using biomedical lasers for surgery? Special safety glasses must be worn The operator must hold his breath while the laser is being activated The patient's incision site may only be scrubbed with 0.05% dilute chlorhexadine solution The patient must be maintained on oxygen only

Trematode

Which of the following is another term for the type of parasite known as a fluke? Protozoan Cestode Ascarid Trematode Nematode

Cestode

Which of the following is another term for the type of parasite known as a tapeworm? Trematode Protozoan Ascarid Cestode Nematode

Butorphanol

Which of the following is considered a partial mu agonist/antagonist? Butorphanol Morphine Hydromorphone Naloxone

Hypoadrenocorticism

Which of the following is known as Addison's disease? Hypoparathyroidism Hypoadrenocorticism Hyperadrenocorticism Hyperthyroidism

Insert the catheter until urine flows, then advance 1 cm further and secure

Which of the following is most appropriate when placing a urinary catheter in a dog or cat? Insert the catheter no more than 3 inches in any pet, whether urine flows or not Do not use lubrication, as this can irritate the inside of the urethra Insert the catheter until resistance is met Insert the catheter until urine flows, then advance 1 cm further and secure

Freezing

Which of the following is not an acceptable means of euthanasia in reptiles? Injectable pentobarbital Freezing Carbon dioxide Anesthetic followed by decapitation

WBCs

Which of the following is not an anticipated finding when evaluating a urine sample after performing a cystocentesis? Calcium oxalate crystals Struvite crystals Erythrocytes 5-10 white blood cells per high-powered field

Dust baths

Which of the following is required for chinchilla health? Cedar shavings Monthly dental adjustments A warm (90 degree) basking spot Dust baths Vitamin C

Motion

Which of the following is the most common factor that prevents a diagnostic radiograph in a horse? Low line voltage Bandages Motion Oversedation

Adverse effects on articular cartilage

Which of the following is the reason that fluoroquinolones are usually avoided when treating young foals? Hepatotoxicity in foals Adverse effects on developing dental enamel Nephrotoxicity in young animals Ineffectiveness against the most common pathogens of foals Adverse effects on the articular cartilage

Adverse effects on the articular cartilage

Which of the following is the reason that fluoroquinolones are usually avoided when treating young foals? Hepatotoxicity in foals Ineffectiveness against the most common pathogens of foals Adverse effects on developing dental enamel Nephrotoxicity in young animals Adverse effects on the articular cartilage

The image is upside-down and reversed

Which of the following is true about the appearance of an image relative to the orientation of the slide when viewing through a compound microscope? The image is upside-down and reversed The image is right-side up and oriented normally left to right The image is upside-down and oriented normally left to right The image is right-side up and reversed

They have to be performed immediately (non elective are procedures in which any delay may increase the likelihood of a poor outcome.)

Which of the following is true of *non*-elective procedures? They have to be performed immediately An example of an non-elective procedure is ear cropping They should be performed at the veterinarian's convenience An example of a non-elective procedure is an ovariohysterectomy

The dog has an increased hematocrit

Which of the following is true of a dog with polycythemia? The dog has an increased white blood cell count The dog has an increased hematocrit The dog has a low platelet count The dog has a low red blood cell count

High melting point

Which of the following is true of tungsten, making it an ideal material for the filament and target of an x-ray machine? It has a very high melting point It is a good conductor of heat It has a low number of electrons It has a low atomic number, making it more efficient at producing x-rays

Proestrus, estrus, metestrus, diestrus, anestrus

Which of the following lists the correct order of the phases in the estrous cycle? Metestrus, proestrus, estrus, anestrus, diestrus Proestrus, estrus, metestrus, diestrus, anestrus Anestrus, diestrus, estrus, metestrus, proestrus Estrus, proestrus, diestrus, metestrus, anestrus

Perihilar

Which of the following lymph nodes are not palpated peripherally? Popliteal Perihilar Prescapular Mandibular

Chloramphenicol

Which of the following medications requires special handling because it can cause aplastic anemia in humans? Chlorpheniramine Metronidazole Phenylpropanolamine Chloramphenicol Famotidine

Chloramphenicol

Which of the following medications requires special handling because it can cause aplastic anemia in humans? Famotidine Chlorpheniramine Metronidazole Chloramphenicol Phenylpropanolamine

Misoprostol

Which of the following medications would be beneficial to a patient who is being treated for an NSAID overdose? Potassium Lactulose Cortisone Misoprostol

Baermann technique

Which of the following methods involves collecting nematode larvae by allowing them to pass through a wire net or cheesecloth? McMaster technique Sheather's solution technique Wisconsin technique Baermann technique

Demodex

Which of the following mites that can be found on dogs is not contagious? Demodex Psoroptes Cheyletiella Sarcoptes Otodectes

Urinary cath

Which of the following must be sterile before use? Otoscope Cotton-tipped swab use to collect sample for ear cytology Thermometer Urinary catheter

17-year old male veterinary assistant that is working at the clinic for the summer

Which of the following people is *not* allowed to restrain a patient for a radiograph? 26-year old female veterinary technician who is 5-months pregnant 63-year old veterinarian who owns the practice 22-year old female pre-veterinary student that is volunteering to get experience for her vet school application 17-year old male veterinary assistant that is working at the clinic for the summer

Use the highest milliampere (mA) setting and lowest time (s) setting possible to achieve the desired mAs

Which of the following principles will always improve radiographic image quality? Use the highest kilovoltage (kVp) setting and the lowest milliampere (mA) that adequately exposes the film as possible Use the highest milliampere (mA) setting and lowest time (s) setting possible to achieve the desired mAs Use the lowest kilovoltage (kVp) setting and the highest milliampere (mA) that adequately exposes the film as possible Use the lowest milliampere (mA) setting and the highest time (s) setting possible to achieve the desired mAs

Malleable

Which of the following retractors would you hand a surgeon if he/she needs to be able to retract the liver out of the way? Balfour retractor Gelpis retractor Senn Rake retractor Malleable retractor

Arthrocentesis

Which of the following should be a sterile procedure? Fine needle aspirate of a mass Lymph node aspirate Arthrocentesis Tooth extraction Anal gland abscess culture

Mask

Which of the following should be clean, but does not need to be sterile for surgical procedures? Gown Mask Drape Gloves

Potassium chloride

Which of the following should never be given in a bolus to a patient? Mannitol Potassium chloride Lidocaine Hetastarch 0.9% Sodium chloride

Potassium chloride

Which of the following should never be given in a bolus to a patient? Mannitol Hetastarch 0.9% Sodium chloride Lidocaine Potassium chloride

Rabbit

Which of the following species has a double row of incisors? Rat Chinchilla Hamster Ferret Guinea Pig Rabbit

Ferrets

Which of the following species is an induced ovulator? Horse Pig Ferret Mouse

Ferrets

Which of the following species is an induced ovulator? Pig Horse Mouse Ferret

Higher frequency probes have increased image resolution and decreased penetrating ability relative to lower frequency probes

Which of the following statements about ultrasound probe transducers is true? Higher frequency probes have increased image resolution and decreased penetrating ability relative to lower frequency probes Higher frequency probes have decreased image resolution and increased penetrating ability relative to lower frequency probes Higher frequency probes have decreased image resolution and decreased penetrating ability relative to lower frequency probes Higher frequency probes have increased image resolution and increased penetrating ability relative to lower frequency probes

The fetuses are not affected by the anesthetics delivered, as they do not cross the placenta

Which of the following statements is LEAST correct regarding dystocias and Cesarean sections? The gravid female may have difficulty breathing when anesthetized The fetuses are not affected by the anesthetics delivered, as they do not cross the placenta Metabolic alterations such as hypocalcemia should be corrected Not all dystocias can be treated medically

Ocular lens

Which of the following structures in the body is most sensitive to radiation? Bones of the hand Ocular lens Thyroid gland Cerebral neurons

PLI

Which of the following tests would be most helpful in the diagnosis of feline pancreatitis? Serum pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (PLI) Serum glucose Serum amylase Serum lipase

Horizontal beam

Which of the following types of radiographs is helpful in confirming the presence of free air or fluid, if it is suspected based on survey films (DV, VD and lateral projections)? Vertical beam Bisecting angle technique Skyline view Horizontal beam

Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis Vaccine

Which of the following vaccines is *not* available for horses? Streptococcus equi (strangles) Vaccine Equine Influenza Virus Vaccine Equine Herpes Virus Type 1 Vaccine Eastern Equine Encephalitis Vaccine Equine Protozoal Myeloencephalitis Vaccine

Vitamins A,D,E,K

Which of the following vitamins are fat-soluble? Vitamin C, Vitamin K Vitamin C, folate Vitamins A, D, E, and K Vitamin B12, Vitamin K

Focal-film distance is too short

Which of the technical errors in radiography will result in increased film density? kV settings too low Temperature during development too low Intensifying screen speed is too slow mAs settings too low Focal-film distance is too short

Horse

Which of these animals does not have a gall bladder? Horse Cat Bird Rabbit Cow

Chicken

Which of these animals' erythrocytes are normally nucleated? Chicken Horse Cat Goat

Ehmer sling

Which of these therapies would prevent weight-bearing of a limb? Mason-Meta splint Schroeder-Thomas splint Fiberglass cast Ehmer sling

Pancreas

Which organ is responsible for producing most of the digestive enzymes used to breakdown food? Pancreas Spleen Liver Stomach

Pancreas

Which organ(s) in the body is (are) responsible for producing insulin?

Morexella bovis

Which organism causes pinkeye in cattle?

Toxocara

Which parasite is commonly transmitted transplacentally to puppies?

Ostertagia ostertagi

Which parasite is the most important cause of parasitic gastritis in cattle and is commonly known as the brown stomach worm? Ostertagia ostertagi Haemonchus contortus Ancylostoma braziliense Strongylus vulgaris

Dipylidium

Which parasite would be flat and segmented in appearance?

dipylidium

Which parasite would be flat and segmented in appearance?

Pigs

Which species has ovaries that look like grape clusters?

Sudan stain

Which stain is used to look for lipids or fats and is helpful in looking for intestinal malabsorption?

Ileum

Which structure is NOT a part of the equine large intestine? Ileum Left Dorsal Colon Cecum Right Dorsal Colon Pelvic Flexure

Ethilon

Which suture type is non-absorbable and would be ideal for placing skin sutures in a laceration? Chromic gut Polysorb Maxon Monocryl Ethilon

Schirmer Tear Test

Which test checks for keratoconjunctivitis sicca? Nasolacrimal flush Fluoroscein stain Schirmer Tear Test Tonometry

erythrocytes

Which type of cell should not be found in normal joint fluid?

Erythrocyte

Which type of cell should not be found in normal joint fluid? Macrophages Lymphocytes Erythrocytes Neutrophils

Salter-Harris

Which type of fracture occurs at the growth plate and is seen in young animals?

Methane

Which type of gas is formed due to rumenal fermentation? Sevoflurane Octane Methane Oxygen

Closed gloving

Which type of gloving method would result in the least chance for contamination? Double open gloving Open gloving Closed gloving Assisted gloving

Urate

Which type of urinary stone is lucent and does not typically show up on a radiograph?

Left jugular (b/c the phrenic nerve is located near the left exterior jugular vein)

Which vessel should be *avoided* when performing venipuncture in pigs? Auricular vein Left jugular vein Right cranial vena cava Tail vein

To decrease superimposition of structures

Why are oblique radiographic views of certain joints typically obtained?

They are the least thrombogenic

Why are polyurethane catheters more appropriate for long-term (> 7 days) use in horses?

Heparin interferes with white blood cell staining and causes white blood cell clumping

Why is EDTA is a preferred anticoagulant over heparin when collecting a blood sample that will be used for a differential blood film?

Nitrous build up in GI tract

Why is nitrous oxide contraindicated in gastrointestinal surgeries?

Excessive use can result in intestinal stasis (colic)

Why should atropine, a competitive antagonist of acetylcholine receptors, be used cautiously in horses (i.e. what is a major side effect of the drug)?

Malassezia

Yeast organisms Commonly found on skin and ear cytologies Note the bowling pin shape

Morning

You are asked to collect a urine sample for urinalysis on a patient while it is boarding for the week. What would be the best time to collect this sample?

Measure to the medial canthus of the eye

You are asked to place a nasal oxygen tube in a dog. What is the measurement for placement of nasal oxygen?

Humeral head and iliac crest

You are asked to prepare a patient for a bone marrow aspirate. Which of the following sites are commonly used in dogs to obtain a bone marrow sample? Humeral head and iliac crest Femoral head or sacrum Sternum or iliac crest Femoral condyle and greater tubercle of the humerus

White= right front Black= left front Red= left hind Green (if present)= right hind

You are asked to run an electrocardiogram (ECG) strip on a pet. There are three leads on your machine. One is white, one is black, and one is red. Where should these be placed?

D

You are asked to take a dorsomedial-palmarolateral oblique radiograph of a horse's fetlock with a portable x-ray unit. A cross-section of the limb is diagrammed and labeled below with the red lines representing two possible x-ray cassette placement locations. Pick the letter that corresponds to the correct cassette placement and the correct placement of the marker on the cassette.

Built in scissors

You are assisting during surgery, and the surgeon is about to close the incision. She needs a pair of Olsen-Hegar needle holders. What is a fundamental difference between this type of needle holder as compared to others?

Equine Infectious Anemia

You are assisting with Coggins testing. What does this test for?

Place a drop on one end of the slide, tilt slightly and make a pull smear

You are assisting with a bone marrow aspirate on a dog with suspected neoplasia. You are asked to make slides to send to the laboratory with the samples the veterinarian is collecting. Which describes proper technique for this? Place a drop on the slide and place 1 drop of 0.9% saline onto the drop to dilute and let dry Place a drop on the slide and place another slide on top in an up-and-down motion to press the cells firmly onto the slide Place a drop on one end of the slide, tilt slightly and make a pull smear Place a drop on the slide but do not make a pull smear or press the cells, just let air dry as-is

All blood samples should be drawn from the jugular if possible

You are assisting with chemotherapy treatments. Which of the following is *true* regarding blood collection from chemotherapy patients? The patient should not have blood drawn within 72 hours of their last chemotherapy treatment All blood samples should be drawn from the jugular if possible Do not use the jugular vein if possible All chemotherapy patients should be sedated prior to blood draws

Lift the piglet by its rear leg

You are assisting with exams on 1-week old piglets. What may be used as a method of restraint?

Leave 3 feet of slack and tie the rope level with the top of the horse's back

You are at a ranch property and are asked by the vet to tie a horse to a fence. How should the rope be tied?

Hives

You are checking the fax machine and get a report from the local emergency clinic that a patient from the hospital where you work presented overnight for severe urticaria. What did this patient have?

Otodectes eggs

You are cleaning up the laboratory one morning and notice a slide that was left on the microscope overnight. You peek in to see what is on the slide (see image). What are these oval shaped structures?

Beta

You are examining a blood agar plate from a submitted bacterial culture and see an area of complete hemolysis, leaving a clear zone around a bacterial colony. What type of hemolysis is this?

4 drops/min

You are helping admit a patient to the hospital. Rudy is a 5-year old female spayed Yorkie with pancreatitis. The hospital is very busy and all of the fluid pumps are currently being used by other patients. You are asked to start fluids at 24mL/hr for Rudy. Calculate the drip rate for this patient. Her body weight is 8 pounds. The drop size for your administration set is 10 drops/mL.

At the location of the umbilicus, 2 inches right or left of midline

You are helping treat a dog with severe papillomas of the muzzle and oral cavity. This new therapy involves weekly intraperitoneal injections. Where is the safest place to do an intraperitoneal injection?

Hematopinus, a louse

You are looking at a skin scraping from a calf and find the 6-legged parasite shown below. What is this organism?

Otodectes cynotis

You are looking microscopically at a swab of the ear canal from a cat that has been head shaking and scratching at the ears. You identify an 8-legged mite. What is the name the ear mite?

1:25

You are making serial dilutions of a sample in the laboratory. You start by making a 1:5 dilution of a serum sample. You then take this new solution and make a serial 1:5 dilution of it. What is the dilution ratio of this new solution?

Thoracocentesis

You are new on the ICU floor and are taking time to look through the crash cart so you will be prepared when emergency arises. You find a 60 cc syringe attached to a 3-way stopcock and extension set with a 22-gauge needle attached. What might this setup be used for?

Gloves

You are performing treatments on a horse and you need to apply dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) topically over a region of tenosynovitis in a horse. Which of the following personal protective equipment should be worn? Surgical gown Gloves Filtered respirator Protective goggles

6 feet

You are planning to get some goats out on your ranch property and would like to keep them confined to a certain area to keep the weeds down. How tall of a fence (minimum) would likely be required to keep the goats confined?

Right side of the chest

You are reading a cardiologist report discussing tricuspid valve insufficiency and grade 3 murmur. The mitral valve is said to be normal. If you listened to this patient, where would you expect to hear the murmur the loudest?

In the caudal portion of the hindlimbs at the level of the stifle and back of the thigh

You are reading a report from an oncologist and read that the popliteal lymph nodes were enlarged. Where are these nodes located?

In the caudal portion of the hindlimbs at the level of the stifle and back of the thigh

You are reading a report from an oncologist and read that the popliteal lymph nodes were enlarged. Where are these nodes located? Inside each thigh at the inguinal area On either side of the neck just under the jaw rostral to the salivary glands At the chest area over the pectoral muscles In the caudal portion of the hindlimbs at the level of the stifle and back of the thigh

2.9 mL

You are recovering an 80 pound patient post-op and the dog is painful. The surgeon would like you to give a Fentanyl injection prior to starting the constant rate infusion. He asks you to give 4 micrograms per kg IV. Fentanyl concentration is 0.05 mg/mL. What quantity do you administer?

97-99% humidity

You are responsible for autoclaving surgical packs in the hospital. You are using a steam sterilizer and heat to a temperature of 250 degrees Fahrenheit (121 degrees Celsius) for 30 minutes. What minimum humidity level is needed in order to provide adequate sterilization?

Doyens

You are scrubbed in as the surgery technician and are assisting with an intestinal foreign body removal. The surgeon wants to clamp the intestine above and below the foreign body. What instrument could be used for this? Gelpis Doyens Brown-Adsons DeBakeys

Weitlaner

You are sterilizing this retractor for a wound repair surgery. Which retractor is this? (see image)

Slows HR

You are working at the specialty center and are observing an echocardiogram for the first time. The cardiologist prescribes the drug propanolol to a canine patient. What effect will this medication have on the heart?

slows HR

You are working at the specialty center and are observing an echocardiogram for the first time. The cardiologist prescribes the drug propanolol to a canine patient. What effect will this medication have on the heart?

Wire bottom cages

You are working in a laboratory where the rats are getting "ringtail." Which of the following may be contributing to this condition? Too much nesting material in the cages The temperature is too low in the housing unit The humidity in the cage is too high The wire-bottom cages

0-10 cm h2o

You are working in the critical care unit and learning to perform central venous pressure readings. What is a normal CVP reading?

Propofol

You are working on assembling drugs for a canine anesthetic/analgesic protocol for an upcoming surgery. You will be giving hydromorphone or morphine as a premedication, diazepam just before induction with propofol, and you will place a fentanyl patch after surgery in addition to carprofen for pain control. Which of these mentioned drugs does *not* need to be logged as a controlled substance?

Sulfadimethoxine

You find coccidia (Cystoisospora) on a fecal float for a puppy that presents with mucoid diarrhea with streaks of blood. What medication is used to treat coccidia? Metronidazole Sulfadimethoxine Fenbendazole Praziquantel Pyrantel

Mostly cornified cells

You perform a vaginal cytology of a bitch in heat. Which of the following should you normally see? No cornified cells, mostly neutrophils with a few red blood cells No neutrophils, large number of red blood cells Mostly cornified cells A few cornified cells, no red blood cells, and a large number of neutrophils

Incomplete washing of the film

You pull a 6 year old film out of a folder to compare to radiographs that you took today. The old film appears to have yellow-brown staining. What is the likely cause of this? Film was left in developer too long Storing the film at a hot temperature Incomplete drying of the film Incomplete washing of the film

The X-ray beam is usually more intense on one side of the field

You take a series of chest radiographs and notice that all of the films appear darker (more exposed) towards one side of the film. Which of the following is the most likely explanation? The radiograph cassette is not closing fully The processor is running low on fixative The X-ray beam is usually more intense on one side of the field The processor is running low on developer

X-ray energy (kVp) is too low

You take and develop an abdominal radiograph of an animal, but the radiograph appears much too light (underexposed) throughout the area of the patient. You increase the exposure (mAs) and the radiograph is still much too light. The portion of the radiograph outside the body of the patient is completely black (exposed). Which of the following is the most likely problem? X-ray energy (kVp) is too high The developer in the processor is low The fixative in the processor is low X-ray energy (kVp) is too low The tungsten target in the X-ray machine needs to be replaced

X-ray energy (kVp) is too low

You take and develop an abdominal radiograph of an animal, but the radiograph appears much too light (underexposed) throughout the area of the patient. You increase the exposure (mAs) and the radiograph is still much too light. The portion of the radiograph outside the body of the patient is completely black (exposed). Which of the following is the most likely problem? A. X-ray energy (kVp) is too low B. The developer in the processor is low C. The fixative in the processor is low D. The tungsten target in the X-ray machine needs to be replaced E. X-ray energy (kVp) is too high

Estrus 4-6 days, gestation 19-21 days

Your neighbor just bought some pet mice and asks you about breeding them. He wants to know how long their estrus and gestation are. Which of the following is most accurate? Estrus 26-28 days, gestation 23-25 days Estrus 4-6 days, gestation 19-21 days Estrus 14-18 days, gestation 18-20 days Mice are induced ovulators, gestation 12-14 days

11 days

Your practice recently purchased a portable ultrasound machine. A client calls and asks how early her mare can have an ultrasound to determine if she is pregnant. What is the very earliest that a pregnancy can be confirmed with an ultrasound in a horse?

Femoral head osteotomy

"FHO"; the removal of the femoral head from the hip joint. It is often performed when there is severe arthritis of a hip or due to fracture or disease from trauma to that hip joint.

Magnesium

"Grass tetany" may been seen in sheep or goats due to a deficiency in which mineral?

32 mL

"Zoe", a 40 kg Labrador Retriever is recovering after a liver mass resection. The doctor asks you to start "Zoe" on a fentanyl constant rate infusion at 4 micrograms per kilogram per hour (ug/kg/hr). The concentration of fentanyl is 0.05mg/mL. The fluid rate is currently set at 100 mL/hour. How much fentanyl will you add to a liter of Normosol-R?

True

*T/F?:* Horses are unable to vomit

Infection and antibiotic susceptilbility

A "UMIC" would be performed on a urine sample to check for which of the following? Crystalluria Infection and antibiotic susceptibility Ketonuria Diabetic regulation level Explanation

60

A 12 kg Springer Spaniel has been presented to your hospital for pyometra surgery. The veterinarian would like you to give 20 mls of Unasyn over 20 minutes on a syringe pump before the procedure. How many milliliters per hour will you set the pump to run for?

Cisapride

A 12-year old domestic short hair presents for difficulty defecating. This has become a chronic problem. You perform radiographs and the veterinarian diagnoses megacolon. The cat is de-obstipated and given IV fluids for the day. The cat is currently taking lactulose to help soften the stools. What other medication could be given to help the cat empty his colon?

Sodium bicarbonate

A 13-year old diabetic cat arrests during hospitalization during a blood glucose curve. During resuscitation efforts, an emergency blood panel is run which reveals a blood pH of 6.4. What drug may be requested by the veterinarian to help correct this abnormality but would not be used as a long-term therapy?

3.6 mL

A 13.2-lb cat is being sent home with an oral solution of Tramadol for post-operative pain control. At a dose of 3 mg/kg, how many milliliters should be given if the solution comes in a 5 mg/ml concentration?

Enrofloxacin causes cartilage abnormalities in growing puppies

A 2-month old male mixed-breed puppy is diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. Culture and sensitivity of the urine show the bacteria to be susceptible to enrofloxacin. Why should a different antibiotic be chosen over enrofloxacin?

Head trauma

A 2-year old Dalmatian presents after being hit by a car. Anisocoria is noted during the initial physical examination. What type of trauma would be suspected? Pneumothorax Splenic torsion Ruptured bladder Head trauma Orthopedic injury

The cat should be immediately intubated and CPR should commence.

A 2-year old cat presents 15 minutes after being attacked by a dog. The cat is in cardiac arrest. The owner wants CPR to be undertaken, and the veterinarian is not currently on the premises. What course of action should be taken? The cat should be immediately intubated and CPR should commence. The cat should be transferred to the closest emergency facility. The cat should receive no medical care without the supervision of a veterinarian. The owner should be told the cat is beyond saving. The cat may be intubated but chest compressions should not occur.

Baermann fecal technique

A 3-month old kitten presents for mucoid diarrhea and anemia. The clinic where you work has recently seen several other puppies and kittens with similar clinical signs that were infected with Strongyloides stercoralis. You look up and find that this parasite is passed in the feces in the L1 larval form. What is the best way to recover and identify this parasite?

Buccal mucosal bleed time

A 3-year old female Doberman presents for a routine spay. The owner states that she has not recently been in heat and has been healthy her entire life. The veterinarian is concerned that Doberman Pinchers are predisposed to having von Willebrand's Disease (vWD). What diagnostic tests would give the best indication of whether the dog has an increased risk of bleeding due to this disorder?

Praziquantel

A 3-year old male neutered Maltese presents to your clinic because the owner saw "some white rice-looking things" around his anus. They were small and flat and seemed to be moving. Some of them were dried up. Which of the following drugs is effective against this organism? Selamectin (Revolution) Fenbendazole (Panacur) Fipronil (Frontline) Pyrantel (Strongid) Praziquantel (Droncit)

30 tabs

A 38-kg Great Dane is recovering from Gastric Dilatation Volvulus surgery. The doctor would like to send him home on Tramadol. The doctor requested that a prescription be filled out for 5 days at 3 mg/kg orally three times per day. How many pills should you send home? Tramadol is available in 50 mg tablets. Round to the nearest whole number.

Selenium

A 4-month-old Angus calf in a beef herd in Northern California has died. Symptoms before death included lethargy and coughing. You assist with a necropsy and find pale areas in the cardiac muscles (see image). The veterinarian diagnoses white muscle disease. He asks you to assist with collecting blood samples from the herd to test for what deficiency?

Enrofloxacin

A 5-week old cat received emergency surgery for a laceration. What antibiotic should NOT be used in this patient?

Avoid plastic food and water dishes. (In some cats, a hypersensitivity to plastic can cause feline acne. This is a good suggestion to make to the owner of any cat with this condition)

A 5-year-old domestic short hair cat presents with some lesions on his chin. The doctor diagnoses feline acne and prescribes some antibiotics and ointment. Which of the following is a good suggestion a technician could make to the owner?

hypovolemic

A 5-year-old female spayed Shih Tzu presents to your emergency hospital with a several-day history of vomiting and diarrhea. On presentation, she is dehydrated with pale and dry mucous membranes and a prolonged capillary refill time. Her heart rate is 220 bpm, and she has weak femoral pulses. What type of shock is she in?

Intussuseption

A 6-month old puppy has presented to the hospital with a history of severe straining to defecate. A fecal float identifies a severe parasitic infection. An abdominal ultrasound was performed, and the doctor identified that one of the loops of intestine was telescoping into another segment of intestine. What is this called?

Diuretic

A 6-year old male domestic short hair presents dyspneic with fluid dripping from both nares. The veterinarian suspects heart failure due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. What type of injection would most likely immediately be given?

To identify possible additional bone lesions (other than the left radius lesion) that may represent bony metastases

A 7-year old Saint Bernard dog has a lesion of the left distal radius that is highly suspicious for a bone tumor (osteosarcoma). Prior to surgery, a bone scan is ordered and performed. What is the main reason for this study? To provide greater anatomic detail regarding the lesion in the left distal radius To confirm the diagnosis of osteosarcoma of the left distal radius To identify possible additional bone lesions (other than the left radius lesion) that may represent bony metastases To identify possible pulmonary metastatic lesions

Renal

A Golden retriever ingests several tablespoons of antifreeze. This will cause the most damage to what organ system?

Measures liver function

A Yorkie is presenting for a bile acids test and has been fasted. Which of the following is true regarding a bile acids test? Fasting is not necessary for this test It is a measure of liver function It is a measure of adrenal function It involves drawing a blood sample, giving a cosyntropin injection, and drawing another blood sample 1 hour after the injection It is a measure of kidney function

7 days (1 week)

A breeder calls and wants to know how long sperm may be viable to fertilize an egg after dogs have mated. What will you tell her?

Maropitant (Cerenia)

A canine patient presents for his annual exam. The owner states they will be taking a road trip and "Bailey" gets extremely car sick. What medication has been FDA approved for motion sickness in dogs?

Wether

A castrated male goat is known as a:

Lens

A cataract is an opaque protein deposit on which structure?

Demodex

A cigar-shaped mite that is seen on a skin scraping from a dog with severe generalized skin lesions is probably what type of mite?

16.2 mg

A client calls and would like her dog's phenobarbital refilled. He is currently getting 1/4 grain every 12 hours. How many milligrams is in 1/4 grain?

Ear hematoma

A client calls to schedule an appointment with the doctor because her dog has been shaking his head and now his ear flap feels swollen, warm to the touch, and is squishy. What should you book the appointment as?

Mannitol

A client rushes in her puppy which was accidentally dropped and received a trauma to the head. Which medication is an osmotic diuretic and may be used to help decrease intracranial pressure in a situation like this?

Explain to the owner that by law you can not change the medical record

A client's dog has been diagnosed with a splenic mass that requires surgical removal. The dog has also been previously diagnosed with liver disease. The owner has pet insurance and is submitting a claim for the laparotomy. She is afraid the insurance company will deny the claim because of the liver disease and asks you to omit that from the medical record until the claim is approved. Of the following, which would be the most appropriate action to take? Explain to the owner that by law you can not change the medical record. By law you must report attempted fraud to the insurance company. Explain to the owner that the medical record can not be altered but you can omit the liver disease from the claim form. Let the owner fill out the claim form by herself and you will be absolved of any responsibility of committing insurance fraud.

Excitability, viciousness, biting, and snapping

A dog has been brought into your clinic showing stage two signs of rabies. What are the animal's symptoms? Paralytic, excessive salivation, and change in bark Sudden change in behavior, unusually shy or nervous, seeks solitude Excitability, viciousness, biting, and snapping Animal will be asymptomatic

8 hours

A dog has recently obtained a fresh superficial linear wound after lacerating its flank on a fence. Within what time period can this wound be optimally repaired by primary closure?

Stifle

A dog has torn his cranial cruciate ligament and is having surgery. What area should you clip and aseptically prep?

Lumpectomy

A dog is having a mass removed from his side. What is the general term for this procedure?

Sternal recumbency

A dog is having his teeth cleaned and has a discolored upper right third premolar. The doctor would like you to take an x-ray of this tooth. Which patient position would make the radiograph easiest to take?

Causes paralysis of the hindlimbs

A dog is hit by a car and presents in a Schiff-Sherrington posture. Which is true regarding this condition? The lesion is located at C1-C5 It causes paralysis of the hindlimbs It causes hindlimb hypertonicity It causes forelimb paralysis It is caused by a brain lesion, usually from trauma

Proprioception

A dog is very weak in the hindend but is able to stand with support. The dog is being supported under the abdomen, and the paws are individually turned over so that the dorsal paw is touching the ground. The dog is not able to correct this posture. This is an evaluation of: Mentation Spinal pain Malalignment of the vertebral column Proprioception

Performing a spay at the time of surgery does not affect milk production

A dog owner is considering having a scheduled cesarean section for her dog and would like some more information regarding the risks associated with the procedure. Which of the following statements is TRUE? Performing a cesarean delivery will result in decreased milk production Performing a spay at the time of surgery does not affect milk production Performing a spay at the time of surgery is not recommended as there is a risk that the female will not display maternal instincts Performing a cesarean delivery will result in the dog being unable to have another pregnancy

Melarsomine

A dog presents for his first day of heartworm treatment. He tested positive for heartworms last week, and the infection was confirmed by chest radiographs and finding microfilariae in his blood. Which drug will this dog receive for killing the heartworms?

You have entered the sinus, you should withdraw the needle and start ove

A dog presents to your hospital to have surgery for a cranial cruciate ligament rupture (see x-ray). The veterinarian wants you to place an epidural after the patient is under anesthesia and before the procedure is performed. While performing the epidural you get blood in the hub of the spinal needle. What does this mean and what should you do?

Rectal

A dog presents with severe seizures, and you are unable to hit a vein for catheter placement and need to stop the seizures immediately. Which of the following is an acceptable means of giving valium to a seizuring dog? Subcutaneous Intraosseous Rectal Intraperitoneal Oral

101.5 (temperature taken in the ear or under a peripheral limb reads 1 to 2 degrees lower than rectal temperature, or core body temperature.)

A dog refuses a rectal temperature. You take his temperature under the axillary region and get a reading of 99.5F. What is likely his core body temperature?

CO2 level is high

A dog under anesthesia is hypoventilating. This means which of the following is true? The oxygen and the CO2 levels are high The CO2 level is low The CO2 level is high The oxygen level is high

pulmonary edema

A dog with bradycardia and a low albumin on a high rate of IV fluids is at risk for developing what?

Skyline

A dorsoproximal-dorsodistal oblique radiograph of the carpus is frequently referred to as what type of radiograph? Cross-sectional view Bisecting angle Horizontal beam Flexed lateral view Skyline view

Soluble positive-contrast media and air injected directly into the bladder

A double-contrast cystogram involves which of the following? Positive-contrast media injected intravenously that will be excreted via the kidneys into the bladder and air injected directly into the bladder Soluble positive-contrast media only injected directly into the bladder Air only injected directly into the bladder Positive-contrast media injected directly into the bladder and air injected intravenously Soluble positive-contrast media and air injected directly into the bladder

Local anesthetics

A drug from which of the following categories will cause loss of motor function when administered during an epidural? Opioids (ie; morphine, fentanyl) Corticosteroids (ie; methylprednisolone, dexamethasone) Local anesthetics (ie; bupivacaine, lidocaine) Alpha 2 Agonists (ie; dexmedetomidine, xylazine)

Decreased salivation

A drug that is an anti-cholinergic agent will have which of the following effects? Constrict the pupil of the eye Decrease heart rate Decrease salivation Suppress the cough reflex

Surgical nail removal

A feline patient presents for onychectomy. What does this entail?

Proestrus

A female dog has some vaginal bleeding, swollen vulva, and attracts males but will not allow them to mount. What stage of the estrus cycle is she in?

Draining tract

A fistulogram involves taking a radiograph after a contrast agent is administered into what location?

Parascaris equorum (equine roundworm)

A foal presents for colic caused by the organism shown in the image below (microscopic image from 40X, organism is approximately 100 um). What is this organism?

Comminuted

A fracture of many relatively small fragments

Oblique

A fracture which goes at an angle to the axis

Spiral

A fracture which runs around the axis of the bone

Rat tooth forceps

A grasping forceps Provides good tissue grip with minimal tissue damage

Streptococcus zooepidemicus

A guinea pig presents with swollen glands in the neck (see image). What organism most often causes this problem?

Tapeworm eggs

A healthy 1-year old Labradoodle presents for a wellness exam. You are asked to evaluate the dog's fecal float; you find the structures seen in the image below (shown from 40X magnification, each is about 40 um in diameter). What are they?

Within 1 hour of cut time

A horse is presented for a surgical procedure. What is the best time to administer perioperative antibiotics to the patient? Within 1 hour of cut time 1 hour post-operatively When the surgeon makes the first cut When the incision is being closed

Laminitis

A horse with extended forelimbs and arched and tense back that is painful when turning most likely has which of the following conditions? Laminitis Spinal cord compression Colic Fractured shoulder

Cause the red blood cell to burst

A hypotonic solution will do what to a red blood cell?

Microsporum

A kitten presents with hair loss over the top of the head and you take a sample for DTM culture. The culture begins to turn red within two days and grows some white fuzz on the surface. You use a tape preparation to identify the organisms growing and see the following under the microscope (see image). What is this?

Lidocaine

A large dog collapses in the lobby of your veterinary clinic. The dog is taken to the treatment area where an ECG reveals that the patient is in ventricular tachycardia. What drug would be administered intravenously in an attempt to convert the dog to a normal sinus rhythm? Digoxin 2% lidocaine Ephinephrine Atropine Vasopressin

Hob

A male ferret is also referred to as

Pull the feather out

A parrot presents because it is bleeding profusely from one of its feathers. What would likely be the best course of action to take after examination by the veterinarian?

Check a daily urine protein

A patient is hospitalized with a resistant infection and is getting Amikacin injections and IV fluid therapy. Amikacin can cause kidney damage. What could you do to monitor for early renal side effects? Renal ultrasound daily Check a daily urine protein Check the urine specific gravity twice daily Monitor urine output

20 cm H2O

A patient is hypoventilating and the end-tidal CO2 is rising. The doctor instructs you to give the patient a breath. The pressure on the manometer to which you ventilate the patient is:

25.5 mL

A patient is slowly being weaned off fluid therapy. Her body weight is 10 kg, and she is currently at a rate of 30 ml/hr. The doctor wishes to decrease her fluid rate by 15%. What is her new rate?

Dysphagia

A patient presents for difficulty swallowing and is found to have a bone lodged at the back of its throat during physical exam. Which of the following is the term for this presenting complaint? Stomatitis Ptyalism Dysphagia Anuria

Dry eye

A patient presents with red eyes and the owner reports he has been rubbing his face on the carpet. He is currently taking the sulfa-based drug Primor for a skin infection. What side effect of this medication could cause these symptoms?

Take an endotracheal tube with a similar outside diameter, line up the measurement numbers on the proximal end of the tube, and then lay it against the outside of the patient approximately following the route of the trachea

A patient under general anesthesia has become hypoxic. You suspect that the endotracheal tube might be in too far. How can you be sure? Take an endotracheal tube with a similar outside diameter, line up the measurement numbers on the proximal end of the tube, and then lay it against the outside of the patient approximately following the route of the trachea Move the endotracheal tube cranially an inch and check to see if the hypoxemia resolves If the endotracheal tube connector is past the incisors, it is in too far Take an endotracheal tube with a similar outside diameter, line up the connector on the proximal end, and then lay it against the outside of the patient approximately following the route of the trachea

Red blood cell fragments

A patient with DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation) may show abnormal red blood cells called schistocytes. What are schistocytes?

7.2 mL

A patient with a chest tube needs to have lidocaine administered via the tube to help with pain control. The patient weighs 80 lbs and needs 2 mg/kg of lidocaine administered. The doctor asks that the lidocaine be diluted in an equal volume of saline. The lidocaine comes in a 2% solution. How many total milliliters will you administer into the chest?

Serum

A plain red top tube or a tiger top tube is used for collecting

Serum

A plain red top tube or tiger top is used for collecting

Cnemidocoptes pilae

A proliferative honeycomb beak (as seen in the image below) along with scaly crusty lesions on the legs and feet of a bird can be a sign of which of the following? Chlamydophila psittaci Cnemidocoptes pilae Avian pox Mycobacterium avium

Saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen

A pulse oximeter measures what variable?

pneumocystogram

A radiograph of the bladder taken after having had air injected into it

Schistocyte

A red blood cell fragment, as might be seen from shearing of the cell by trauma in an animal with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, is known as what?

13-year old cat with a packed cell volume of 19%

A reticulocyte count should be included on a complete blood cell count in which of the following instances? A 13-year old cat with a packed cell volume of 19% An 8-year old cat with a platelet count of 30,000/ul A 9-year old horse with a total white blood cell count of 2,000/ul A 3-year old dog with a total white blood cell count of 32,000/ul

Chylothorax

A rupture or tear in the thoracic duct would result in which of the following? Pericardial effusion Pyothorax Chylothorax Hemoabdomen

Contaminated surery

A subtotal colectomy in which a small amount of colonic contents spills into the abdomen in a cat is an example of which of the following? Clean-contaminated surgery Contaminated surgery Clean surgery Infected (dirty) surgery

Polydioxanone

A surgeon is asking for any non-absorbable suture to close a skin defect. Which of the following sutures would NOT be appropriate for you to give the surgeon? Nylon Polydioxanone Polypropylene Silk

Skin

A suture pack with a cutting needle would be used on which of the following? Skin Bladder Gallbladder Intestine

To protect the medication from being destroyed by the acids of the stomach

A tablet may have enteric coating to serve what purpose? To protect the medication from being destroyed by the acids of the stomach It prevents gastric ulceration It increases transit time so the drug can make it to the colon more quickly for absorption It slows transit time so that the drug will be absorbed mostly through the stomach wall

Chest

A thoracotomy procedure would involve an incision made into the:

Dorsal recumbency with affected leg temporarily hung until the patient is draped

A tibial fracture needs to be repaired. The surgeon is intending to place a bone plate on the medial aspect of the tibia. How should the patient be positioned and prepped?

Epinephrine prolongs the duration of lidocaine's effects

A vet at your clinic is preparing to perform a punch biopsy of a dermal mass in a cat under local anesthesia. He asks you to add epinephrine to his lidocaine before administering the local anesthetic. What is the rationale for adding epinephrine?

5mL

A vial of penicillin contains 2,000,000 units of the dry drug. To make the penicillin into a solution that contains 400,000 units per milliliter, how much diluent is needed?

Acidifying diet

A young male cat with symptoms of feline lower urinary tract disease and struvite crystalluria should receive:

Gamma

hemolysis causes no change in the medium's appearance.

Delta

hemolysis creates a double zone of hemolysis wherein a narrow area around the colony is hemolyzed and surrounded by a larger region with some hemolysis.

Anuria

Absence of urination

Snail bait ingestion

Activated charcoal would be used for which of the following? Fluoroscopy Foreign body ingestion Thermal skin burns Snail bait ingestion

Snail bait ingestion

Activated charcoal would be used for which of the following? Thermal skin burns Fluoroscopy Foreign body ingestion Snail bait ingestion

Lochia

After parturition, it is normal for the bitch to have a reddish brown vaginal discharge for a few weeks. This discharge is referred to as which of the following? Pyuria Melena Meconium Lochia

kVp=60, mAs=8

After taking a radiograph exposure of a patient abdomen at a 40 cm focal-film distance with settings of kVp=60, mAs=2, you have to repeat the exposure using a horizontal beam technique at 80 cm focal-film distance. Assuming there is no change in the tissue penetrated and no other differences aside from the distance in radiographic technique or equipment, what settings should you use to obtain the same radiographic density?

Holding a dog that may have Microsporum canis (ringworm)

After which procedure is it most important that you immediately wash your hands as soon as the procedure is complete? Holding a dog that may have Microsporum canis Skin scraping on a dog with Demodex Fluoroscopy Restraining a cat that has Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)

Autoimmune

Agglutination of blood and spherocytes seen on a blood smear are indicative of which type of disease?

Vincristine

All drugs need to be stored and handled so that they are safe for the patient, client, and veterinary staff. When handling drugs that are considered cytotoxic or hazardous, personal protective apparel (PPA) should be worn. With which of the following drugs is it imperative to pay special attention to safe handling? Sucralfate Metronidazole Metoclopramide Vincristine Ascorbic Acid

Paint-stripping solvents that may release toxic fumes

All of the following are examples of Regulated Medical Waste (RMW) that require special treatment or handling EXCEPT which of the choices listed? Paint-stripping solvents that may release toxic fumes Scalpel blade that was used to make a spay incision on a healthy cat Needle and syringe used to give chemotherapy to a dog Carcass of a cat that was brought to your clinic dead on arrival upon which you performed a necropsy Gauze sponges used in equine surgery to soak up blood

Use of filtration at the portal of the X-ray tube

All of the following radiation protection measures are intended to decrease the dose to the technician EXCEPT which of the following? Collimating the beam to the smallest aperture necessary Use of lead gloves with at least 0.5 mm lead equivalent Use of filtration at the portal of the X-ray tube Lead glasses

Arthritic hip

An "FHO" would most likely be performed on a patient with which of the following problems? Arthritic hip Ovarian cysts Blindness from glaucoma Incontinence

Compound

An animal is hit by a car and has a broken leg in which the bone is sticking out through the skin. This is an example of which fracture type?

Sodium

An animal that has been diagnosed with underlying cardiac insufficiency may need to be restricted on intake of: Thiamine Magnesium Potassium Sodium

Metritis

An animal with inflammation of the uterine lining is said to have which of the following conditions? Pyometra Uterinitis Cystic ovaries Metritis

Thoracocentesis

An animal with pleural effusion may require which procedure for stabilization?

43 days gestation

An owner brings her 4-year old female Labrador Retriever to your clinic because she believes she might be pregnant. She does not remember when the dog's last heat cycle was. The dog's abdomen appears fairly distended and you take a lateral abdominal radiograph which is shown below. What would be the earliest time you would expect to be able to see fetal skeletons on abdominal radiographs in the dog?

Hypoglycemia

An owner called and said that her dog ate a pack of sugarless gum containing xylitol. You tell her to bring her dog in right away. What abnormality could this cause?

Not re-dose the insulin, just give the next scheduled dose as directed

An owner has fed her diabetic cat and has given the insulin injection. She calls the clinic because there is a wet spot on the fur where she gave the injection and she doesn't think it went in. What will you advise her to do? Give Karo syrup orally and monitor for symptoms of hypoglycemia Repeat the insulin injection since the cat ate Give another 1/2 dose of insulin Not re-dose the insulin, just give the next scheduled dose as directed

Yes, there can be a temporary transmission from her dog to those with direct contact, but the mites are host-specific and the infection is temporary

An owner presents her puppy for severe itching. The veterinarian diagnoses Sarcoptes mites with a superficial skin scraping. The owner wants to know if this mite is contagious to her and her children. What should you tell her?

Hookworm

Ancylostoma and Uncinaria *Zoonotic* Cause of *cutaneous larva migrans* in humans, who are exposed via skin contact in contaminated soil

Cutaneous larva migrans

Ancylostoma causes which zoonotic disease in humans?

Ancylostoma

Anemia would likely result from a heavy infection with which parasite?

Snake bites

Antivenin is typically given in cases of which of the following? Prolonged seizure activity Toxin ingestion Congestive heart failure Snake bites

Between 450-850 mL of urine

Approximately how much urine should a 40-pound dog produce in a 24-hour period if the dog is drinking and urinating normal amounts and is not dehydrated?

2%

Approximately what percentage of body weight should a horse consume in forage (i.e. hay) per day?

Excitement

Aside from diabetes, what is another cause for glucosuria in a cat?

Lateral

Away from midline

gram negative

Bacteria that stain red by safranin or basic fuchsin on a Gram stain are known as

Gram neg

Bacteria that stain red by safranin or basic fuchsin on a Gram stain are known as which of the following? Gram-red Gram-positive Gram-neutral Gram-negative

Gram negative

Bacteria that stain red by safranin or basic fuchsin on a Gram stain are known as which of the following? Gram-neutral Gram-positive Gram-red Gram-negative

Hypoglycemia

Bacterial sepsis frequently causes which finding on a blood panel?

Aspiration pneumonia

Barium for an upper GI radiograph series should *not* be given to a patient with which of the following? Dehydration Partial small intestinal obstruction Renal insufficiency Diarrhea Aspiration pneumonia

Alpha

partial hemolysis, creating a band of slimy discoloration around a bacterial colony

Endothelium

Blood vessels are lined with a type of epithelium known as which of the following? Endothelium Urothelium Keratin Mesothelium

Osteoblasts

Bone is made by which type of cell? Osteocytes Osteoclasts Chondrocytes Osteoblasts

AU

Both ears

OU

Both eyes

Give 0.25 mls by mouth every 6 hours as needed for 3 days

Buprenorphine is to be sent home with a 17 pound domestic long hair for pain following an abdominal exploratory surgery. The veterinarian would like the prescription to be 0.01 mg/kg PO QID PRN, dispense 12 syringes. If the concentration of buprenorphine is 0.3 mg/ml, what will you put on the label?