Week 7, quiz 7 Psychology

What is the coefficient of relatedness (the r value) between a parent and offspring?

0.5

A friend of yours has been studying schizophrenia for many years, and has come to the conclusion that schizophrenia has a heritability of about 0.08. Since you know how heritability works, you know that this means that:

80% of the differences we see in people with regard to schizophrenia are due to differences in genes.

Evolution is:

A change in gene frequencies in a population over time

When shopping for a new car, the first thing Dave noticed was the MSRP (manufacturer's suggested retail price). When the salesperson came over and told him that the price she could offer was several thousand dollars below MSRP, Dave felt like he was getting a good deal, and decided to buy the car. What is this an example of?

Anchoring

Which of the following is NOT one of the assumptions made by behavioral geneticists?

Behavior is a phenotype like any other. Behavior can be heritable. Behavior is influenced by genes. Behavior can be an adaptation. Behavior can't evolve like other traits.<---------

When talking with my friend recently, he told me about how he saw his son last weekend take his toys and put them in two groups. In one group were the things that were "alive" (like dolls, stuffed animals etc.) and in the other group were things that were not alive (ping pong rackets, toy furniture etc.). What was my friend's son demonstrating he has a grasp of with regard to things being "alive" vs. "not alive"?

Concept

Which of the following is an example of the availability heuristic?

Even though my spouse and I agree and disagree on things roughly equally, I more easily remember the times we disagree, and therefore think that we disagree more often than we do.

Whenever he thinks of dogs, William always thinks of the first dog he had while growing up. This first dog of his is a(n) ______________ of the category of "dog" for William.

Exemplar

When meeting with her clients, an investment advisor decides to tell potential investors that they have an 80% chance of making money with a particular investment, rather than focusing on the fact that the same investment had a 20% chance of losing money. What is the investment advisor using to try to convince her clients to invest?

Framing

Which of the following traits in humans is a heritable trait?

Hair color

Why is the MHC important?

Human females appear to be able to differentiate males with different MHC genes by smell.

Which of the following statements about sexual selection is true?

Males tend to have much greater variance in their reproductive success compared with females.

In an art class, the teacher instructed his students to "draw an airplane." Though there are many types of airplanes, most students drew their ________________ which resulted in a lot of pictures of a typical or standard plane.

Protoype

Evolutionary psychologists refer to ___________________, which is when an individual engages in a behavior that is detrimental to another party, but also him or herself.

Spite

When meeting her daughter's new boyfriend for the first time, Josie decided she liked him before she even got a chance to know him. She just had a feeling that he was a nice guy based on a few short e-mail exchanged they had. What is this an example of?

The Affect of Heauristic

You are walking through a park and see a flock of birds you think are the same species. Three of these birds are small and have gray feathers. Three other birds are larger and have brightly-colored feathers. Given what you learned about sexual selection, which of the following predictions would you make about this flock?

The brightly colored ones are male.

While traveling abroad recently, I was given the choice of rental cars. I could get either a Peugeot, or a Nissan. Because I've head of Nissan but I hadn't heard of Peugeot, I chose the Nissan, even though they're very similar in most respects. What is this an example of?

The recognition heuristic

On a television show the other day, there was an older white man from a southern state being interviewed because he was running for local office. Given his demographics, most people watching the show assumed he was a republican, but he was actually a democrat. What is this an example of?

The representativeness heuristic

What's the main advantage of using algorithms for solving problems?

They tend to be very accurate compared with other methods

Which of the following is an example of reciprocal altruism?

You offer to watch your neighbor's child when he has to stay late at work, and he lets you borrow his car when you need it.