Welding Skills Chapter 3

weld reinforcement

amount of weld metal in excess of that required to fill the joint.

weld root

area where filler metal intersects the base metal and extends the furthest into the weld joint

electrode

component of the welding circuit that conducts electrical current to the weld area.

seam weld

continuous weld made between or upon overlapping members that produces a continuous seam or series of overlapping spot welds.

weld type

cross-sectional shape of the weld. Determined by the weld joint design and depends on the load requirements of the weld.

crater

depression at the termination of the weld bead.

fixture

device used to maintain the correct positional relationship between weldment components as required by print specifications.

root opening

distance between joint members at the root of the weld before welding.

weld leg

distance from the joint root to the toe of a fillet weld.

theoretical throat

distance from the joint, perpendicular to the hypotenuse of the largest right-angle triangle that can be inscribed within the cross section of a fillet weld.

weld width

distance from toe to toe across the face of the weld.

depth of fusion

distance that fusion extends into the base metal from the surface melted during welding.

joint penetration

distance the weld metal extends from the weld face into the joint.

flanged joint

edge joint in which one of the joint members has a flanged edge at the weld joint.

weld face

exposed surface of the weld bounded by the weld toes on the side which welding was done.

double-groove weld

groove weld made from both sides of the joint.

single-groove weld

groove weld made from one side of the joint only.

root pass

initial weld pass that provides complete penetration through the thickness of the joint member.

corner joint

joint formed when two members are positioned at an approximate right angle in an L shape.

weld toe

junction of the base metal and the weld face.

positioner

mechanical device that supports and moves weldments for maximum loading, welding, and unloading efficiency.

fusion welding

melting of metal and filler metal, or filler metal only, to make a weld.

filler metal

metal deposited in a welded, brazed, or soldered joint during welding process.

base metal

metal or alloy that is to be welded.

effective throat

minimum distance between the weld face and the weld root.

weld joint

physical configuration at the juncture of the members to be welded.

joint root

portion of a weld joint where joint members are closest to each other.

root face

portion of the groove face within the joint root.

face reinforcement

reinforcement on the same side as the welding.

root reinforcement

reinforcement on the side opposite the one on which welding took place.

projection weld

resistance weld produced by the heat obtained from the resistance to the flow of welding current.

ripple

shape within the deposited bead caused by the movement of the welding heat source.

actual throat

shortest distance from the face of a fillet weld to the weld root after welding.

weld pass

single progression of welding along a weld joint.

faying surface

surface of a joint member that is in contact with, or in close proximity to, the member to which it will be joined.

surfacing weld

weld applied to a surface, as opposed to making a joint, to obtain the desired properties or dimensions.

root bead

weld bead that extends into or includes part or all of the joint root.

lap joint

weld joint between two overlapping members in parallel planes.

edge joint

weld joint formed when the edges of two or more parallel, or nearly parallel, members are joined.

T-joint

weld joint formed when two members are positioned approximately 90 degrees to one another in the form of a T.

butt joint

weld joint in which two members are set approximately level to each other and are positioned edge-to-edge.

plug weld

weld made in a circular hole in one member to fuse it to the other member.

slot weld

weld made in an elongated hole in one member to fuse it to the other member.

groove weld

weld made in the groove between two members to be joined.

back weld

weld made in the weld root opposite the face of the weld.

fillet weld

weld of approximately triangular cross section that joins two surfaces at approximately right angles.

stud weld

weld produced by joining a metal stud or similar part to a member.

weld bead

weld that results from a weld pass.

tack weld

weld used to hold members in proper alignment until the welds are made.

spot weld

weld with an approximately circular cross section made between or upon overlapping members.