Western Civ Chapter 19
Diderot's most famous contribution to the enlightenment's battle against religious fanaticism, intolerance, and prudery was his
28 volume Encyclopedia compiling articles by many influential philosophies
Denying Descartes' belief in innate ideas, John Locke argued that every person is born with
A blank slate
The French Rococo painter who portrayed the aristocratic life as refined, sensual, and civilized was
Antoine Watteau
In reaction to significant elements of rationalism and deism, in what two countries did some ordinary Protestant churchgoers choose new religious movements
England and Germany
Adam Smith was a mercantilist disguised as a proto-capitalist. T/F
False
Denis Diderot was an ardent Christian T/F
False
The scientist philosopher who provides a link between the scientists of the 17th century and the philosophies of the next was
Fontenelle
European music in the later 18th century was well characterized by
Hadyn and Mozart, who shifted the musical center from Italy and Germany to the Australian Empire
The eighteenth century musical composition that has been called one of those rare works that appeal immediately to everyone, and yet is indisputably a masterpiece of the highest order is
Handel's Messiah
The strongest statement and vindication of women's rights during the enlightenment was made by
Mary Wollstonecraft
The religious denomination founded by John Wesley in England to provide a more emotionally fulfilling religious alternative to the church of England was
Methodism
In 18th century Europe, churches, both Catholic and Protestant,
Still played a major role in social and spiritual areas
"Pietism" refers to an emphasis on the mystical experience of God as a conduit of faith. T/F
True
Although many European rulers desired to emulate the size and grandiosity of Versailles, they usually adopted the Baroque-Rococo architectural style rather than the French classical style of Louis XIV's palace. T/F
True
For Rousseau, the "general will" was
a social consensus to which the individual must must bow
The purpose id Diderot's encyclopedia, according to him was to
change the general way of thinking
High culture in 18th century Europe was characterized by the
enormous impact of the publishing industry
The Rococo artistic style of the 18th century was
evident in the masterpieces of Balthasar Neumann
The growth of reading and publishing in the 18th century was aided and characterized by the development of
magazines for the general public
Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, defined the enlightenment as
man's leaving his self caused immaturity
18th century writers, especially in England, used this new form of literary expression to attack the hypocrisies of the era and provide sentimental entertainment to growing numbers of readers
novels
Johann Sebastian Bach
produced religious music as a way to worship god
Issac Newton and John Locke
provided inspiration for the enlightenment by arguing that through rational reasoning and the acquisition of knowledge one could discover natural laws governing all all aspects of human society
The punishment of crime in the 18th century was often
public and very gruesome
Voltaire was best known for his criticism of
religious intolerance
European intellectual life in the eighteenth century was marked by the emergence of
secularization and a search to find the natural laws governing human life
An early female philosopher who published a translation of Newton's Principia and who was the mistress of Voltaire was
the Marquise du Chatelet
A key new type of enlightened writing fueling skepticism about the "truths" of Christianity and European society was
travel reports and comparative studies of old and new world cultures
They Jews of 18th century Europe
were most free in participating in banking and commercial activities in tolerant cities
Concerning the European legal system, by the end of the 18th century
Corporal and capital punishment were on the decline
In her Vindication of the Rights of Women, Mary Wollstonecraft argued that since women had been unfairly subjected to males for so many millennia, women should temporarily be given special legal rights and privileges in excess of those of males in compensation of their long servitude. T/F
False
Isaac Newton was influential on the eighteenth century Enlightenment because of his theory of knowledge and his concept of the tabula rasa. T/F
False
Pogroms were
Instances of massacring and looting of Jewish communities
In his novel, Emile, with its emphasis upon the heart and sentiment, Rousseau anticipated the Romantic movement of the early nineteenth century. T/F
True
The French Physiocrats, in their belief in natural economic laws, were harsh critics of economic mercantilism. T/F
True
The great scientists of the seventeenth century, such as Galileo, Kepler, and Newton, pursued their exploration of science in a spirit of exalting God rather than in questioning and undermining religion. T/F
True