Western Civ Chapter 19

Diderot's most famous contribution to the enlightenment's battle against religious fanaticism, intolerance, and prudery was his

28 volume Encyclopedia compiling articles by many influential philosophies

Denying Descartes' belief in innate ideas, John Locke argued that every person is born with

A blank slate

The French Rococo painter who portrayed the aristocratic life as refined, sensual, and civilized was

Antoine Watteau

In reaction to significant elements of rationalism and deism, in what two countries did some ordinary Protestant churchgoers choose new religious movements

England and Germany

Adam Smith was a mercantilist disguised as a proto-capitalist. T/F

False

Denis Diderot was an ardent Christian T/F

False

The scientist philosopher who provides a link between the scientists of the 17th century and the philosophies of the next was

Fontenelle

European music in the later 18th century was well characterized by

Hadyn and Mozart, who shifted the musical center from Italy and Germany to the Australian Empire

The eighteenth century musical composition that has been called one of those rare works that appeal immediately to everyone, and yet is indisputably a masterpiece of the highest order is

Handel's Messiah

The strongest statement and vindication of women's rights during the enlightenment was made by

Mary Wollstonecraft

The religious denomination founded by John Wesley in England to provide a more emotionally fulfilling religious alternative to the church of England was

Methodism

In 18th century Europe, churches, both Catholic and Protestant,

Still played a major role in social and spiritual areas

"Pietism" refers to an emphasis on the mystical experience of God as a conduit of faith. T/F

True

Although many European rulers desired to emulate the size and grandiosity of Versailles, they usually adopted the Baroque-Rococo architectural style rather than the French classical style of Louis XIV's palace. T/F

True

For Rousseau, the "general will" was

a social consensus to which the individual must must bow

The purpose id Diderot's encyclopedia, according to him was to

change the general way of thinking

High culture in 18th century Europe was characterized by the

enormous impact of the publishing industry

The Rococo artistic style of the 18th century was

evident in the masterpieces of Balthasar Neumann

The growth of reading and publishing in the 18th century was aided and characterized by the development of

magazines for the general public

Immanuel Kant, a German philosopher, defined the enlightenment as

man's leaving his self caused immaturity

18th century writers, especially in England, used this new form of literary expression to attack the hypocrisies of the era and provide sentimental entertainment to growing numbers of readers

novels

Johann Sebastian Bach

produced religious music as a way to worship god

Issac Newton and John Locke

provided inspiration for the enlightenment by arguing that through rational reasoning and the acquisition of knowledge one could discover natural laws governing all all aspects of human society

The punishment of crime in the 18th century was often

public and very gruesome

Voltaire was best known for his criticism of

religious intolerance

European intellectual life in the eighteenth century was marked by the emergence of

secularization and a search to find the natural laws governing human life

An early female philosopher who published a translation of Newton's Principia and who was the mistress of Voltaire was

the Marquise du Chatelet

A key new type of enlightened writing fueling skepticism about the "truths" of Christianity and European society was

travel reports and comparative studies of old and new world cultures

They Jews of 18th century Europe

were most free in participating in banking and commercial activities in tolerant cities

Concerning the European legal system, by the end of the 18th century

Corporal and capital punishment were on the decline

In her Vindication of the Rights of Women, Mary Wollstonecraft argued that since women had been unfairly subjected to males for so many millennia, women should temporarily be given special legal rights and privileges in excess of those of males in compensation of their long servitude. T/F

False

Isaac Newton was influential on the eighteenth century Enlightenment because of his theory of knowledge and his concept of the tabula rasa. T/F

False

Pogroms were

Instances of massacring and looting of Jewish communities

In his novel, Emile, with its emphasis upon the heart and sentiment, Rousseau anticipated the Romantic movement of the early nineteenth century. T/F

True

The French Physiocrats, in their belief in natural economic laws, were harsh critics of economic mercantilism. T/F

True

The great scientists of the seventeenth century, such as Galileo, Kepler, and Newton, pursued their exploration of science in a spirit of exalting God rather than in questioning and undermining religion. T/F

True