Western Civilization II: Chapter 17

Diderot's most famous contribution to the Enlightenment's battle against religious fanaticism, intolerance, and prudery was his

Encyclopedia

provided inspiration for the Enlightenment by arguing that through rational reasoning & the acquisition of knowledge, one could discover natural laws governing all aspects of human society

Isaac Newton & John Locke

Who said that individuals "will forced to be free"?

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

produced religious music as a way to worship God

Johann Sebastian Bach

provided a forum for discussing the ideas of the philosophies

Salons

The belief in natural laws underlying all areas of human life led to the

Social Sciences

The German philosopher Immanuel Kant proclaimed the motto of the Enlightenment to be

"Dare to Know"

wrote the Encyclopedia

Diderot

was a period of intense sexual activity and gross excesses

The Carnival of the Mediterranean world

The best statement of laissez-faire was made in 1776 by

Adam Smith

The Jews of 18th century Europe were most free in participating in

Banking & commercial activities

Above all, Montesquieu's "The Spirit of the Laws" was concerned with maintaining a balance among the various

Branches of Government

based on a Newtonian world-machine with God as it's mechanic, designing the universe in accord with rational law

Deism

A cheap and popular alcoholic drink in 18th century England

Gin

His philosophy contributed to the development of Enlightenment ideas by arguing that a person's character was shaped by environment not innate ideas

John Locke

18th century composer was considered most innovative and wrote the opera, "The Marriage of Figaro"

Mozart

18th century writers used this new form of literacy expression to attack the hypocrisies of the era and provide sentimental entertainment to growing numbers of readers

Novels

A major inspiration for travel literature in the eighteenth century was

Pacific Ocean adventures of James Cook

The recognized capital of the Enlightenment

Paris

for Rousseau, what was the source of inequality and the chief cause of crimes

Private Property

The punishment of crime in the 18th century was often

Public & gruesome

High culture in 18th century Europe was characterized by the enormous impact of the

Publishing Industry

Voltaire was best known for his criticism of

Religious intolerance