Worksheet two

Phoebe recently suffered a major fall in which she sustained brain injuries. Since then, she has had immense difficulty in communicating with others. She appears to understand what is said to her, but her responses are slow and laborious. Her sentences are always incomplete with important grammatical words missing. Which of the following conditions best reflects Phoebe's case?

Broca's aphasia

_________ is a method of brain imaging that passes a narrow X-ray beam through the head and measures the structures that reflect the beams from various angles, enabling a computer to generate a three-dimensional image.

Computerized axial tomography

_________ relatives have a genetic overlap of about 50%.

second degree

In the context of behavioral genetics, identify the correct statement.

Heredity is apparently involved in psychological disorders ranging from anxiety and depression to personality disorders.

Which of these is a function of the medulla of the brain?

It plays roles in sleeping, sneezing, and coughing.

Which of these is a function of prolactin?

It regulates maternal behavior in lower mammals such as rats.

Emily suffers from insomnia. When she went to see a doctor, she was told that her sleeplessness was caused by the deficiency of a particular hormone. The doctor then gave her sleeping pills containing the same. Which is the hormone in question?

Melatonin

Which of the following pituitary hormones regulates the adrenal cortex?

The Adrenocorticotrophic hormone

Which of the following causes Down syndrome?

The presence of an extra chromosome on the 21st pair

Which of the following is a likely consequence of low thyroxin secretion in adults?

They feel tired and sluggish and may put on weight.

In the context of the brain's language functions, identify the correct statement.

Those with Wernicke's aphasia usually speak freely and with proper syntax.

Bobby was standing in line to purchase a movie ticket. All of a sudden, the man in front of him took a few steps back and stepped on Bobby's foot. Bobby had an immediate sensation of pain. This sensation was transmitted via the spinal cord to the brain through _____.

afferent neurons

The _________ refers to the fact that a neuron fires an impulse of the same strength whenever its action potential is triggered.

all or none principle

Being left-handed has been associated with an above average probability of having _____.

dyslexia

Which of the following best describes association areas?

Areas of the cerebral cortex that are not primarily involved in sensation or motor activity

Which of the following refers to a time when a neuron is insensitive to messages from other neurons and does not fire?

A refractory period

Will was driving down a road one night. Suddenly, he noticed a man trying to cross the road just a little away from the car. Will felt an intense fear and immediately became alert and slammed the breaks down hard, missing the man by inches. Which hormone was responsible for this reaction?

Epinephrine

_________ intensifies most emotions and is central to the experience of fear and anxiety.

Epinephrine

Which of the following is a function of norepinephrine?

It is involved in general arousal and learning and memory.

Which of the following terms is related to one's genotype?

Nature

In the context of the limbic system, which of the following statements is true?

People with hippocampal damage cannot permanently store new information.

Which of the following represents an interaction of one's nature and nurture?

Phenotype

Which of the following neurotransmitters is involved in emotional arousal and sleep?

Serotonin

Which of the following is a difference between the thalamus and the hypothalamus?

The thalamus serves as a relay station for sensory stimulation, whereas the hypothalamus controls the regulation of body temperature, concentration of fluids, storage of nutrients, and motivation and emotion.

What is the purpose of a split brain operation?

To confine seizures to one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex

Which of the following terms best describes the nucleotides found along just one of the rungs of a molecular ladder?

genetic code

_____ defines one's nature, which is based on biological structures and processes.

hereditary

The _________ lies below the hypothalamus and is dubbed the "master gland."

pituitary gland

Some researchers consider the _________ to be the "executive center" of the brain, where decisions are made to keep information in working memory and to solve problems.

prefrontal cortex

A neuron relays its message to another neuron across a junction called a(n) _________.

synapse