World War 2
Which statement identifies a change in American society during World War II?
1. Economic opportunities for women increased
Which precedent was established by the Nuremberg war crimes trials?
1. National leaders can be held responsible for crimes against humanity .
• Cash and Carry (1937) • Destroyers for Naval Bases Deal (1940) • Lend-Lease Act (1941) Which change in United States foreign policy is demonstrated by the passage of these acts prior to World War II?
1. a shift from neutrality toward more direct involvement
During World War II, women and minorities made economic gains mainly because
1. a shortage of traditional labor created new opportunities in the workplace
President Harry Truman's decision to use atomic bombs against Japan was primarily based on his belief that
1. an invasion of Japan would result in excessive casualties
The Neutrality Acts passed by Congress in the mid-1930s were efforts to
1. avoid mistakes that led the country into World War I
Convictions of war criminals by courts at Tokyo and Nuremberg following World War II showed that
1. government officials and military leaders could be held accountable for their actions
The Lend-Lease Act and the Destroyers-for-Bases deal were adopted prior to World War II primarily because these actions would
1. help Allied nations without the United States entering the war
During the early years of World War II, the Destroyer Deal and the Lend-Lease Act were efforts by the United States to
1. help the Allies without formally declaring war
The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 is an illustration of the
1. impact a single event can have on public opinion a time of crisis
". . . The Director of the War Relocation Authority is authorized and directed to formulate and effectuate [implement] a program for the removal, from the areas designated from time to time by the Secretary of War or appropriate military commander under the authority of Executive Order No. 9066 of February 19, 1942, of the persons or classes of persons designated under such Executive Order, and for their relocation, maintenance, and supervision. . . ." — Executive Order 9102, March 18, 1942 Shortly after this executive order was signed, federal government authorities began to
1. move Japanese Americans to internment camps
In 1944, Congress enacted the GI Bill of Rights in order to
1. provide economic aid to veterans
In the early 1940's, the "destroyers-for-military-bases deal" with Great Britain and the Lend-Lease Act were evidence that the United States
1. recognized that its policy of neutrality conflicted with its self-interest
During World War II, posters of Rosie the Riveter were used to
1. recruit women into wartime industries
World War I and World War II brought about changes for minorities and women because these conflicts led to
1. the creation of new job opportunities
Shortly after entering World War II, the United States began the Manhattan Project to
1. work on the development of an atomic bomb
Speaker A: "The use of the bomb shortened the war and saved American lives." Speaker B: "The United States might have been able to force the Japanese to surrender simply by demonstrating the power of the bomb on a deserted island." Speaker C: "The use of the bomb was justified because of the Japanese attack on PearlHarbor." Speaker D: "In Hiroshima, the bomb instantly incinerated more than 60,000 people. Most were civilians." Which speakers hold the view that using the bomb was an appropriate military action?
2. A and C
Speaker A: "The current situation has necessitated that more women enter the workforce." Speaker B: "My family will have to get along without sugar and flour this week." Speaker C: "I say we should continue to support our president, even if a president has never been elected to four terms before now." Speaker D: "I support the government in everything it has to do, to be sure we are safe from fascism here at home." These speakers would have made these statements during
2. World War II
Speaker A:"We must take action even if we are not sure it will work. To do nothing to stop them would be a repeat of the Munich mistake." Speaker B:"We must recognize the increasing interdependence of nations and join the United Nations." Speaker C:"Stopping the spread of communism can and must take several forms. We must be willing to do whatever is necessary." Speaker D:"Involvement in European affairs would be a mistake. We should not jeopardize our peace and prosperity over issues that Europe's ambitions and rivalries control." The "Munich mistake" mentioned by speaker A refers to a policy of
2. appeasement
This World War II cartoon was used to encourage Americans to
2. conserve natural resources
What was a key challenge faced by the United States during World War II?
2. fighting the war on several fronts
After World War II, the Marshall Plan was proposed as a way to
2. help European nations recover economically
Which federal policy was enacted during World War II and justified as a wartime necessity?
2. internment of Japanese Americans
The decision of the Supreme Court in Korematsu v. United States (1944) upheld the power of the president during wartime to
2. limit a group's civil liberties
A controversial issue that resulted from World War II was the
2. morality of nuclear warfare
Which action best illustrates the policy of isolationism followed by the United States before it entered World War II?
2. passage of neutrality legislation forbidding arms sales to warring nations
In the 1930s, Congress attempted to avoid the situations that led to United States involvement in World War I by
2. passing a series of neutrality acts
To help pay for World War II, the United States government relied heavily on the
2. sale of war bonds
In the period following World War II, the United States established a long-term military presence in West Germany in an effort to
2. stop communist expansion in Europe
Before entering World War II, the United States acted as the "arsenal of democracy" by
2. supplying war materials to the Allies
What was the main purpose of the GI Bill passed by Congress shortly before the end of World War II?
2. to provide economic aid to veterans
During World War II, many Japanese Americans living on the West Coast were relocated to detention centers primarily because they
2. were seen as a security threat
During World War II, many women experienced a change in role in that they
2. worked in jobs formerly held by men
"Korematsu was not excluded from the military area because of hostility to him or his race. He was excluded because we are at war with the Japanese Empire, because the . . . authorities feared an invasion of our West Coast and felt constrained to take proper security measures." —Justice Hugo Black Korematsu v. United States, 1944 Which generalization is supported by this quotation?
3. Individual rights can be restricted under certain circumstances.
How did the post-World War II baby boom affect American society between 1945 and 1960?
3. It increased the need for educational resources.
A main purpose of government-ordered rationing during World War II was to
3. conserve raw materials for the war effort
President Harry Truman justified using atomic bombs on Japan in 1945 on the grounds that the
3. early ending of the war would save many lives
Speaker A: "The current situation has necessitated that more women enter the workforce." Speaker B: "My family will have to get along without sugar and flour this week." Speaker C: "I say we should continue to support our president, even if a president has never been elected to four terms before now." Speaker D: "I support the government in everything it has to do, to be sure we are safe from fascism here at home." Which situation is Speaker B describing?
3. food rationing to support a war effort
During World War II, this poster was used primarily to
3. gain financial support for the war
The experiences of African Americans serving in the military forces during World War II influenced their postwar decision to
3. increase efforts to end racial discrimination
The war crimes trials of German and Japanese military officials following World War II established that
3. individuals can be held responsible for wartime atrocities against civilians
A violation of civil rights that occurred in the United States during World War II was the
3. internment of Japanese Americans
In the 1944 case Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that wartime conditions justified the
3. limitations placed on civil liberties
The United States Supreme Court decision in Korematsu v. United States (1944) concerned
3. limiting civil liberties during wartime
One reason the Nuremberg trials following World War II were held was to
3. make German leaders accountable for the Holocaust
"The great rule of conduct for us in regard to foreign nations is, in extending our commercial relations, to have with them as little political connection as possible." This quotation supports a foreign policy of
3. neutrality
A major purpose of the GI Bill (1944) was to
3. provide federal funds for veterans to attend college
A major cause of the internment of Japanese Americans during World War II was
3. racial prejudice
A major cause of the growth of state and Federal highway systems after World War II was the
3. rapid development of suburbs Explication: As GI's came home from World War II, married and started families, the crowded US cities resulted in a suburban growth in areas surrounding these cities. Jobs remained in the cities and as such, workers drove from the suburbs to the cities for employment. This trend required the growth of infrastructure to facilitate these new lifestyles. The federal highway system of the 1950's was a result.
As World War II was ending, the United States decided to join the United Nations mainly because the United States
3. recognized that efforts to achieve world peace required United States involvement
Which congressional action not only raised money for World War II but also contributed to the national debt?
3. selling war bonds
The rulings of the Supreme Court inDred Scott v. Sanford (1857), Plessy v. Ferguson (1896), and Korematsu v. United States (1944) all demonstrate that the Supreme Court has
3. sometimes failed to protect the rights of minorities
The United States became involved in World War II primarily because
4. Germany and Japan achieved important military successes in Europe and Asia
Which statement about Japanese Americans interned during World War II is most accurate?
4. Many lost their homes and businesses
Which series of events leading to World War II is in the correct chronological order?
4. Neutrality Acts → Lend-Lease Act → Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor → United States declaration of war on Japan Explanation: The Japanese surprise attack on US Naval forces at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on December 7th, 1941 spurred the United States to immediately enter into the war against Japan with a formal US declaration coming at FDR's request the next day.
Why was the United States called the "arsenal of democracy" in 1940?
4. The United States provided much of the weaponry needed to fight the Axis powers.
What was one result of World War II?
4. Two superpowers emerged.
Between 1934 and 1937, Congress passed a series of neutrality acts that were designed primarily to
4. avoid mistakes that had led to American involvement in World War I
"Arms Sales to Warring Nations Banned" "Americans Forbidden to Travel on Ships of Warring Nations" "Loans to Nations at War Forbidden" "War Materials Sold Only on Cash-and-Carry Basis" These headlines from the 1930s reflect the efforts of the United States to
4. avoid participation in European wars
Prior to United States entry into World War II, Congress passed the Cash-and-Carry Act of 1939 and the Lend-Lease Act of 1941. These foreign policy actions showed that the United States
4. became increasingly drawn into the war in Europe
"The Parties to this Treaty reaffirm their faith in the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations and their desire to live in peace with all peoples and all governments. "They are determined to safeguard the freedom, common heritage and civilization of their peoples, founded on the principles of democracy, individual liberty and the rule of law. . . ." — Preamble to the North Atlantic Treaty, 1949 This statement shows the commitment of the United States to the principle of
4. collective security
Which wartime policy toward Japanese Americans was upheld by the Supreme Court in its 1944 ruling in Korematsu v. United States?
4. confinement in internment camps
After World War II, the United States was better able than its allies to adjust its economy from wartime to peacetime because the United States
4. had suffered no widespread wartime destruction
At the beginning of World War II, national debate focused on whether the United States should continue the policy of
4. isolationism
In 1988, Congress voted to pay $20,000 to each of the surviving Americans of Japanese descent who were interned during World War II because
4. many Americans believed the internment was unjust and unnecessary
In the 1930's, the United States attempted to avoid a repetition of the events leading up to United States involvement in World War I by
4. passing a series of neutrality laws
Speaker A: "The use of the bomb shortened the war and saved American lives." Speaker B: "The United States might have been able to force the Japanese to surrender simply by demonstrating the power of the bomb on a deserted island." Speaker C: "The use of the bomb was justified because of the Japanese attack on PearlHarbor." Speaker D: "In Hiroshima, the bomb instantly incinerated more than 60,000 people. Most were civilians." These statements most likely were made during the
4. post-World War II period
During World War II, the federal government used rationing to
4. provide more resources for the military
President Harry Truman supported a containment policy after World War II in an attempt to
4. reduce the influence of the Soviet Union in European countries
". . . it is known that there are Japanese residents of California who have sought to aid the Japanese enemy by way of communicating information . . ." — Culbert Olson, Governor of California, February 1942 This statement helped influence President Franklin D. Roosevelt to
4. restrict the civil liberties of Japanese Americans
An immediate effect of the Lend-Lease program was that
4. the United States provided critical aid to Great Britain and the Soviet Union
Based on a study of the trial of Sacco and Vanzetti (1920's) and the internment of Japanese Americans (1940's), which conclusion is most accurate?
Nativism and racism sometimes override the ideals of constitutional democracy
How did the personal diplomacy conducted by President Franklin D. Roosevelt during World War II affect the Presidency?
The President's role in shaping United States foreign policy was strengthened.
