World War One

Why did the central powers fail?

1. Austria-Hungary needs to keep more troops at home to quell nationalist uprisings from minority groups 2. Allied use of tanks & airplanes wear out German forces 3. German soldiers mutiny and force Kaiser Wilhelm II to step down

What were the terms of the Versailles Treaty?

1. Germany pays enormous amounts of money in war reparations 2. Germany is forced to take blame for the war 3. Germany must limit the size of its military 4. Germany must return conquered lands of France and Russia 5. German colonies divided up to other powers

What 8 things must Serbia do to complete Austria's ultimatum?

1. Suppress every democratic publication 2. Disband the Black Hand 3. Destroy anti-Austrian propaganda 4. Remove any military officers in connection with the Black Hand 5. Remove government officials in connection with the Black Hand 6. Arrest and try any associates with the Black Hand 7. Stop giving weapons to Serbian troops 8. Complete all of this and tell the Austrian government in 48 hours

When did trench warfare fully develop?

1915

What does Kaiser Wilhelm give to Austria-Hungary in 1914? What does it mean?

A blank Check; they can deal with Serbia however they want

Who developed it? When?

Alfred von Schlieffen, Germany's Army Chief of Staff, 1905

What land was taken from Germany after they lost the war?

Alsace-Loraine, Saar Basin, Rhineland

What was Lusitania?

An American passenger ship sunk by German submarines in 1915, prompted US the enter war

What happened on November 11, 1918

Armistice

What was the setting, date, and significance of the Battle of Tanenberg?

August 1914, Germany vs Russia, German victory, 1/3 of Russian troops killed or captured, others scattered away, Germany regains East Prussia, seizes weapons & horses from enemy and proves technologically superior

August 6 1914, who declared war on who?

Austria Hungary on Russia

Why did the alliance system eventually fail?

Bismarck was fired by Kaiser Wilhelm II, who ruined everything

What did Prussia emphasize with regards to militarism?

Blood and Iron

Which countries were the Balkans?

Bulgaria and Serbia

June 28th, 1914: Who was assassinated, and by whom?

Franz Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princip

June 28th, 1914 Who declared war on who, following what?

Franz Joseph on Serbia, after their inability to complete his ultimatum

What was the setting, date, and significance of the Gallipoli (Dardanelles) battle?

Gallipoli, Turkey, April 1915 British & French troops land in Gallipoli, Turkey to try and knock out the Ottomans, take Constantinople and create a sea route to Russia. After almost 9 months, Allies withdraw with 250,000 casualties and 46,000 dead An embarrassment and waste of resources, Britain loses 2/3 of battleships!

August 3 1914, who declares war on who?

Germany on France

August 1 1914, who declares war on who?

Germany on Russia

What was the Schlieffen Plan?

Germany's plan of attack for a two-front war

Which too countries do not participate in the LoN? Why?

Germany, not invited, Us, didn't want to

August 4 1914, what does Germany do?

Invades neutral Belgium

Which countries were in the Triple Alliance?

Italy, Austria-Hungary, Germany

What was the Zimmerman telegram?

January 1917, German Foreign Secretary sent a telegram proposing a German-Mexican alliance against the U.S., but it was intercepted by the British and made public, prompting US to enter war

What did Woodrow Wilson develop? What did it encourage?

League of Nations; encouraging international peace and cooperation

What were the difficulties of fighting on the Eastern Front? (From Germany's perspective)

Longer area to fight, less troop density, lines easier to break, Germany sends best troops to the West, Russia has large quantity of troops despite little quality

What is the setting, date, and significance of the 2nd Battle of the Marne?

Marne River, France, July, 1918, Allied tanks smash through German lines, Reinforced with 2 million American troops, critical Allied victory, Central Powers crumble shortly afterward, push Germany back onto German land

What was the setting, date, and significance of the First Battle of the Marne

Marne River, northeast of Paris, France, September 1914, Allies send many troops, Germans retreat after 4 days, driven back 60 miles, Schlieffen plan is over, for the first time it is made clear that the war will not be over quickly. Beginning of trench warfare

What four things lead to World War One?

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

July 31 1914, what does Russia announce? Why?

Mobilization of forces, because they are an ally of Serbia's, who Franz Joseph has just declared war on

Which two things changed peoples view on military?

Napoleon and the French Revolution

What was the setting, date, and significance of the 2nd Battle of Ypres?

Near town of Ypres, Belgium, April-May 1915, Germany uses it as an opportunity to distract Allies from the east and test chemical warfare, Germany uses poison gas on a large scale on Western Front, prompting other countries to develop their own

How had militarism recently changed, and why?

New weaponry, better technology as a result of industrialism

What was the setting, date, and significance of the Battle of Verdun?

Northern France, February-December 1916, longest battle of the war, Germany tried to wear down enemies,1 million French & German soldiers killed, wounded, or missing, weakened both sides, worst french battle

Who was famous for designing a complicated European alliance system?

Otto Von Bismarck

What was the setting, date, and significance of the Battle of Somme?

River in northern France, Summer 1916, Massive bombardment of German troops by the British, 2 million men stretched over 3 miles of trenches. Allies win but gain a pitiful 125 square miles. Cost: 600,000 Allied troops and 500,000 German troops dead or wounded, worst battle fot British

Which new countries are created after the war?

Romania, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Poland

Why did the Schlieffen plan fail?

Russia mobilized in only 10 days, much faster than expected. Belgium tired out the troops, prompted Britain to enter war. Prompts Italy to leave Triple Alliance.

What happened in March 1918, and why?

Russia withdraws from the war in order to take care of the communist revolution and civil war at home.

Which countries were in the Triple Entente

Russia, France, Britain

What happened in 1917, and why?

The US entered the war for economic resources, sympathy for allies and anger over unrestricted submarine warfare

What were the new ideas about militarism?

The common people could take up arms and fight, not just the trained military. Individual troops were expendable

What did the Schlieffen plan involve?

Wiping France out first, as Russia would be slow to mobilize, by sending 90% of Germany troops in a suprise attack through Belgium

What were the goals of the complicated alliance system?

protect the newly united Germany and keep the peace, isolate France, keep tabs on Austria-Hungary and Russia, avoid potential 2 front war