World War One
Why did the central powers fail?
1. Austria-Hungary needs to keep more troops at home to quell nationalist uprisings from minority groups 2. Allied use of tanks & airplanes wear out German forces 3. German soldiers mutiny and force Kaiser Wilhelm II to step down
What were the terms of the Versailles Treaty?
1. Germany pays enormous amounts of money in war reparations 2. Germany is forced to take blame for the war 3. Germany must limit the size of its military 4. Germany must return conquered lands of France and Russia 5. German colonies divided up to other powers
What 8 things must Serbia do to complete Austria's ultimatum?
1. Suppress every democratic publication 2. Disband the Black Hand 3. Destroy anti-Austrian propaganda 4. Remove any military officers in connection with the Black Hand 5. Remove government officials in connection with the Black Hand 6. Arrest and try any associates with the Black Hand 7. Stop giving weapons to Serbian troops 8. Complete all of this and tell the Austrian government in 48 hours
When did trench warfare fully develop?
1915
What does Kaiser Wilhelm give to Austria-Hungary in 1914? What does it mean?
A blank Check; they can deal with Serbia however they want
Who developed it? When?
Alfred von Schlieffen, Germany's Army Chief of Staff, 1905
What land was taken from Germany after they lost the war?
Alsace-Loraine, Saar Basin, Rhineland
What was Lusitania?
An American passenger ship sunk by German submarines in 1915, prompted US the enter war
What happened on November 11, 1918
Armistice
What was the setting, date, and significance of the Battle of Tanenberg?
August 1914, Germany vs Russia, German victory, 1/3 of Russian troops killed or captured, others scattered away, Germany regains East Prussia, seizes weapons & horses from enemy and proves technologically superior
August 6 1914, who declared war on who?
Austria Hungary on Russia
Why did the alliance system eventually fail?
Bismarck was fired by Kaiser Wilhelm II, who ruined everything
What did Prussia emphasize with regards to militarism?
Blood and Iron
Which countries were the Balkans?
Bulgaria and Serbia
June 28th, 1914: Who was assassinated, and by whom?
Franz Ferdinand by Gavrilo Princip
June 28th, 1914 Who declared war on who, following what?
Franz Joseph on Serbia, after their inability to complete his ultimatum
What was the setting, date, and significance of the Gallipoli (Dardanelles) battle?
Gallipoli, Turkey, April 1915 British & French troops land in Gallipoli, Turkey to try and knock out the Ottomans, take Constantinople and create a sea route to Russia. After almost 9 months, Allies withdraw with 250,000 casualties and 46,000 dead An embarrassment and waste of resources, Britain loses 2/3 of battleships!
August 3 1914, who declares war on who?
Germany on France
August 1 1914, who declares war on who?
Germany on Russia
What was the Schlieffen Plan?
Germany's plan of attack for a two-front war
Which too countries do not participate in the LoN? Why?
Germany, not invited, Us, didn't want to
August 4 1914, what does Germany do?
Invades neutral Belgium
Which countries were in the Triple Alliance?
Italy, Austria-Hungary, Germany
What was the Zimmerman telegram?
January 1917, German Foreign Secretary sent a telegram proposing a German-Mexican alliance against the U.S., but it was intercepted by the British and made public, prompting US to enter war
What did Woodrow Wilson develop? What did it encourage?
League of Nations; encouraging international peace and cooperation
What were the difficulties of fighting on the Eastern Front? (From Germany's perspective)
Longer area to fight, less troop density, lines easier to break, Germany sends best troops to the West, Russia has large quantity of troops despite little quality
What is the setting, date, and significance of the 2nd Battle of the Marne?
Marne River, France, July, 1918, Allied tanks smash through German lines, Reinforced with 2 million American troops, critical Allied victory, Central Powers crumble shortly afterward, push Germany back onto German land
What was the setting, date, and significance of the First Battle of the Marne
Marne River, northeast of Paris, France, September 1914, Allies send many troops, Germans retreat after 4 days, driven back 60 miles, Schlieffen plan is over, for the first time it is made clear that the war will not be over quickly. Beginning of trench warfare
What four things lead to World War One?
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
July 31 1914, what does Russia announce? Why?
Mobilization of forces, because they are an ally of Serbia's, who Franz Joseph has just declared war on
Which two things changed peoples view on military?
Napoleon and the French Revolution
What was the setting, date, and significance of the 2nd Battle of Ypres?
Near town of Ypres, Belgium, April-May 1915, Germany uses it as an opportunity to distract Allies from the east and test chemical warfare, Germany uses poison gas on a large scale on Western Front, prompting other countries to develop their own
How had militarism recently changed, and why?
New weaponry, better technology as a result of industrialism
What was the setting, date, and significance of the Battle of Verdun?
Northern France, February-December 1916, longest battle of the war, Germany tried to wear down enemies,1 million French & German soldiers killed, wounded, or missing, weakened both sides, worst french battle
Who was famous for designing a complicated European alliance system?
Otto Von Bismarck
What was the setting, date, and significance of the Battle of Somme?
River in northern France, Summer 1916, Massive bombardment of German troops by the British, 2 million men stretched over 3 miles of trenches. Allies win but gain a pitiful 125 square miles. Cost: 600,000 Allied troops and 500,000 German troops dead or wounded, worst battle fot British
Which new countries are created after the war?
Romania, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia, Poland
Why did the Schlieffen plan fail?
Russia mobilized in only 10 days, much faster than expected. Belgium tired out the troops, prompted Britain to enter war. Prompts Italy to leave Triple Alliance.
What happened in March 1918, and why?
Russia withdraws from the war in order to take care of the communist revolution and civil war at home.
Which countries were in the Triple Entente
Russia, France, Britain
What happened in 1917, and why?
The US entered the war for economic resources, sympathy for allies and anger over unrestricted submarine warfare
What were the new ideas about militarism?
The common people could take up arms and fight, not just the trained military. Individual troops were expendable
What did the Schlieffen plan involve?
Wiping France out first, as Russia would be slow to mobilize, by sending 90% of Germany troops in a suprise attack through Belgium
What were the goals of the complicated alliance system?
protect the newly united Germany and keep the peace, isolate France, keep tabs on Austria-Hungary and Russia, avoid potential 2 front war