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What issues should be addressed in determining the sport participation level of an individual with a seizure disorder?

- Type of sport being played (contact or collision versus noncontact) - Presence of a preexisting brain injury or any neurologic dysfunction -Risk of potential brain injury from participation in the sport Potential effects of anti-convulsive medications on sport performance

The most common cause of sudden death due to cardiac anomalies for males under the age of 35 is:

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Which structure resists valgus shearing rotational forces at the knee?

Medial collateral ligament

Sesamoid disorders, medial tibial stress syndrome, and Achilles tendinitis are each associated with what condition?

Pes planus

An acute process in which the nucleus pulposus herniates through the posterior annulus, resulting in signs and symptoms of cord or nerve root compression is termed:

Soft-disk herniation

Runners are often at risk for low back pain due to:

Tight hip flexors and hamstrings muscles

A skin wound that presents as a sharp, even cut with smooth edges is called an:

incision

Strains and sprains that produce moderate discomfort, tenderness, swelling, ecchymosis, detectable joint instability, and/or muscle weakness are categorized as:

2nd degree injuries

As part of the physical examination, when assessing blood pressure, if there are ____ consecutive high readings, the individual should be identified as having hypertension.

3

A direct blow to the anterolateral aspect of the thorax, a sudden twist or falling on the ball can compress the rib cage, resulting in a:

Costochondral separation

What is the most frequent gynecologic diagnosis encountered by physicians who provide primary care to females?

Vaginitis

Gynecomastia can be a result of

anabolic steroid use

Bones will normally resist ____ forces better than tension forces.

compression

The common mechanism of injury for a muscle contusion is:

compression

A push or pull acting on a body is termed:

force

Contusions and fractures to the trachea, larynx, and hyoid bone frequently occur during:

neck hyperextension

The presence of involuntary cyclical movement of the eyes is termed:

nystagmus

Force the tends to cause one part of the object to slide or displace with respect to another part of the object is termed:

shear

The location of the heart on the right rather than left side of the chest is called

dextrocardia

Hypermobile individuals tend to be more susceptible to:

dislocations

A single application of force that produces an injury is referred to as:

macrotrauma

What is the most common mechanism of injury for severe cervical spine injuries?

Compressive axial loading

The most frequent site of exertional compartment syndrome in the lower leg is the:

Anterior compartment

Force acting along the long axis of a structure is termed:

Axial force

A minor blow to the fibular head can contuse the:

Common peroneal nerve

A lacrosse player has a history of coughing spells and difficulty breathing during indoor and outdoor sport participation and cardiovascular conditioning. What might this history indicate?

Exercised-induced bronchospasm

What mechanism of injury is the leading cause of fractures and dislocations in the wrist and hand?

Fall on an outstretched hand (FOOSH)