15.2 Guided Reading

What did Mehmet II say when he saw the ruin he had inflicted on the city of Constantinople?

"What a city we have given over to plunder and destruction."

After the death of Shah ____________ in 1629, the Safavid dynasty gradually lost its vigor.

Abbas

In the early eighteenth century, during the reign of Shah Hussein, ____________ peoples invaded and seized the capital of Isfahan.

Afghan

Why was the Ottoman empire labeled a "gunpowder empire"?

Because its mastery of firearms helped it unify the regions that it conquered.

In what two ways was the sultan the supreme authority in the Ottoman system?

Both political and military

What was the greatest contribution of the Ottoman Empire to the world of art?

By far it was in architecture, especially the mosques of the last half of the sixteenth century.

Name the three responsibilities of a pasha appointed by the central government of the Ottomans.

Collect taxes, maintain law and order, and be responsible to the sultan's court in Constantinople.

Hemmed in by the sea power of the ___________ to the south and the land power of the ___________ to the west, the Safavids found trade with ___________ difficult.

Europeans; Ottomans; Europe

How did a sultan communicate his desires to the grand vizier?

He would sit behind a screen and privately indicate his desires.

Shah Ismail used his forces to seize much of ____________ and ___________ in 1501.

Iran; Iraq

Much of the original city of ___________ still stands and is a gem of modern-day Iran.

Isfahan

What was the new Muslim name for the city of Constantinople?

Istanbul

Shiites who believed the Shah Ismail to be a direct successor of the prophet ____________ supported the Safavid rulers.

Muhammad

Muslims, the Safavids became ardent ___________.

Shiites

Unlike many of their Islamic neighbors who were ______________.

Sunni

What changes came over the Osman Turks as the Seljuk Empire began to decline?

The Osman Turks began to expand.

What happened after the Ottomans recruited janissaries from the local Christian population of the Balkans?

The janissaries were converted to Islam and trained as foot soldiers or administrators the serve the sultan.

What three things did Sultan Selim I declare himself to be after taking control of Mesopotamia?

The new caliph, defender of the faith and successor to Muhammad.

What was the status of women the Ottoman society?

Woman were allowed to own and inherit property, could not be forced into marriage and were permitted to seek divorce.

Visitors reported that the shahs were more ____________ to their subjects than were rulers elsewhere.

available

Persia witnessed an extraordinary ___________ of the arts during the reign of Shah Abbas from 1588 to 1629.

flowering

Most goods in the empire traveled by ____________ or ____________ caravans.

horse; camel

Persia then sank into a long period of ____________ and ____________ anarchy.

political; social

The Safavid political political system, like that in most empires, was organized in the shape of a ___________.

pyramid

In times of strong ___________, the roads were kept fairly clear of thieves and bandits.

rulers

Knowledge of ___________, medicine, and ___________ under the Safavids was equal to that of other societies in the region.

science; mathemathics

The ____________ was at the top, the __________ and landed classes were in the middle, and the _________ people were below.

shah; bureaucracy; common