320 values ethics and advocacy

Socialization into the nursing profession may have the most significant effect on: roles. values. documentation. planning.

values.

What would be an example of the nurse practicing fidelity? The nurse: regulates visitors. stays with a client during death as promised. withholds information as requested. provides continuity of care.

stays with a client during death as promised.

A nurse who has worked on a unit for 8 years is conflicted about asking to meet with the charge nurse about staffing ratios. Which question(s) reflect the professional value of altruism in this decision? Select all that apply. "Can I discuss this matter without violating my client's privacy?" "Are my clients receiving equal treatment?" "Am I able to provide safe and efficient care to my clients?" "Am I willing to take this risk to help protect my fellow nurses?" "Will less experienced nurses on the unit learn from my actions?"

"Am I able to provide safe and efficient care to my clients?" "Am I willing to take this risk to help protect my fellow nurses?" "Will less experienced nurses on the unit learn from my actions?" Altruism is a concern for the welfare and well-being of others. Being concerned about quality of care, mentoring other professionals, and taking risks to benefit others are examples of altruism. Privacy rights reflect the professional value of human dignity. Fairness and equality reflect the professional value of social justice.

It is time for a nurse to renew licensure. The nurse says, "I need some really easy and quick continuing education hours. I don't understand why we have to do these every year." What is the nurse's coworker's best response? "There is lots of free continuing education online." "See if any of the classes we have to take at the hospital each year will count." "Life-long learning is part of the code for nurses." "It is hard to get enough hours since we work full time and have families."

"Life-long learning is part of the code for nurses."

An older female client has just informed her family that she does not want to have surgery if the biopsy on a lung mass shows malignancy. Which statement(s), made by family members, violate the concept of feminist ethics? Select all that apply. "Of course you would have the surgery." "Daddy will want you to have the surgery." "You need to do what the doctor thinks is best for you." "Let's find out what your options are before making any decisions." "If it was me who was sick, you would want me to have the surgery."

"Of course you would have the surgery." "Daddy will want you to have the surgery." "You need to do what the doctor thinks is best for you." "If it was me who was sick, you would want me to have the surgery." Full autonomy for female patients is feminist ethics

Which statement regarding the Code of Ethics for Nurses is most accurate? "The code critiques existing patterns of oppression and domination in society." "The code enables nurses to provide good care to clients." "The code is an expression of nursing's own understanding of its commitment to society." "The code provides nurses with specific guidelines for practice."

"The code is an expression of nursing's own understanding of its commitment to society."

A nurse has completed 4 hours of an 8-hour shift on a medical-surgical unit when the nursing supervisor calls. The nursing supervisor directs the nurse to give a report to the other two nurses on the medical-surgical unit and immediately report to the telemetry unit to assist with staff needs on that unit. The nurse informs the supervisor that the nurse has been busy with client assignments and feels this will overwhelm the nurses on the medical-surgical unit. The supervisor informs the nurse that the need is greater on the telemetry unit. This is an example of which type of ethical problem? Allocation of scarce nursing resources Advocacy in a market-driven environment Conflicts concerning new technology Deception

Allocation of scarce nursing resources

Which example best describes feminist ethics? A combination of elements of utilitarian and deontologic theories that offer specific action guidelines for practice Attention directed to the specific situation of individual clients viewed within the context of their life narratives The formal study of ethical issues that arise in the practice of nursing An approach critiquing existing patterns of oppression and domination in society

An approach critiquing existing patterns of oppression and domination in society

A nurse volunteers to serve on the hospital ethics committee. Which action should the nurse expect to take as a member of the ethics committee? Assist in decision making based on the client's best interests. Decide the care for a client who is unable to voice an opinion. Convince the family to choose a specific course of action. Present options about the type of care.

Assist in decision making based on the client's best interests.

A client diagnosed with cancer has met with the oncologist and is now weighing whether to undergo chemotherapy or radiation for treatment. This client is demonstrating which ethical principle in making this decision? Beneficence Confidentiality Autonomy Justice

Autonomy

Which ethical principle refers to the obligation to do good? Fidelity Beneficence Veracity Nonmaleficence

Beneficence

Which theory of ethics prioritizes the nurse's relationship with clients and the nurse's character in the practice of ethical nursing? Care-based ethics Deontology Utilitarianism Principle-based ethics

Care-based ethics

Which nursing action demonstrates the principle of fidelity? Filing an incident report after making a medication error Administering a vaccination Treating an uninsured client in the emergency department Witnessing a client signature on an informed consent

Filing an incident report after making a medication error

When examining values, a nurse notes that one country allows physician-assisted suicide and another outlaws it, making it punishable by imprisonment. Which factors best explain the differences in values between these two countries? Economic Spiritual Ethical Cultural

Cultural Daily living is expressed in many traditions and customs; understanding these differences is cultural value orientation. Because it is primarily culture that determines a society's values, cultural factors best explain the differences in values between these two countries. A SOCIETYS VALUE SYSTEM IS MOST DETERMINED BY CULTURE

Nursing practice consistent with the Code of Ethics for Nurses includes which actions? Select all that apply. Delivering culturally safe care Empathizing with clients and establishing friendships when appropriate Acknowledging that the client is the focus and center of care and remains a part of the treatment team Protecting the client's right to confidentiality and privacy Assuming responsibility for care with limited collaboration with other healthcare professionals

Delivering culturally safe care Acknowledging that the client is the focus and center of care and remains a part of the treatment team Protecting the client's right to confidentiality and privacy Nurses should not cross professional boundaries with their clients by establishing friendships.

A client requests that the nurse allow the client 15 minutes two times a day for prayer during hospitalization. What value does this represent? Foundation value Focused value Free value Future value

Foundation value A habitual act is indicative of a foundation value

Which statement best conveys the concept of ethical agency? Ethical practice requires a skill set that must be conscientiously learned and nurtured. Individuals who enter the nursing profession often innately possess ethical characteristics. Ethical practice is best learned and fostered by surrounding oneself with people who exhibit ethical character. A nurse's understanding and execution of ethical practice is primarily a result of increased years of experience.

Ethical practice requires a skill set that must be conscientiously learned and nurtured.

Using the nursing process to make ethical decisions involves following several steps. Which step is the nurse implementing when reflecting on the decision-making process and the role it will play in making future decisions? Evaluating Diagnosing Planning Implementing

Evaluating

A female client is brought to the emergency room with matted hair, bruising, and malnutrition. The nurse suspects physical abuse and neglect. The nurse states, "This happens to many women." Which type of ethical approach is the nurse exhibiting? Paternalism Feminist Values clarification Moralizing

Feminist

A client rings the call bell to request pain medication. On performing the pain assessment, the nurse informs the client that the nurse will return with the pain medication. After a few moments, the nurse returns with the pain medication. The nurse's returning with the pain medication is an example of which principle of bioethics? Fidelity Autonomy Nonmaleficence Justice

Fidelity

A nurse manager receives negative survey results citing a decrease in the quality of client care. Which areas should the nurse manager research as causative factors in the decrease of quality care delivery? Select all that apply. Inadequate staffing patterns Increase in acuity of clients on the unit Nurses working 12-hour shifts Decreased satisfaction of nurses in the workplace Nurses working weekends

Inadequate staffing patterns Decreased satisfaction of nurses in the workplace Two of the chief reasons nurses cite for the declining quality of nursing care at their facilities are inadequate staffing and decreased nurse satisfaction.

A nurse reports to the charge nurse that a client medication due at 9 am was omitted. Which principle is the nurse demonstrating? Altruism Social justice Integrity Autonomy

Integrity

The nurse beginning practice would like to access the standards for ethical practice. Which organization should the nurse research for these standards? International Council of Nurses Canadian Hospital Association Department of Health Professions World Health Organization

International Council of Nurses

A parent of a 17-year-old high school student is allowing the child to decide which college the child will attend. When the child requests direction from the parent in making this decision, the parent responds by stating, "You will need to make this decision on your own." What type of value transmission is the parent displaying? Laissez-faire Modeling Moralizing Responsible choice

Laissez-faire

The nurse is managing the care for a postoperative client. How does the nurse demonstrate advocacy? Limiting visitors due to the client reporting pain Administering pain medication when the pain level reaches 9 on a pain scale of 0 to 10 Changing the channel on the television while providing care Turning and positioning the client every 4 hours

Limiting visitors due to the client reporting pain

Which action most clearly demonstrates a nurse's commitment to social justice? Lobbying for an expansion of healthcare resources and benefits to those in poverty Ensuring that a hospital client's diet is culturally acceptable Answering a client's questions about care clearly and accurately Documenting client care in a timely, honest, and thorough manner

Lobbying for an expansion of healthcare resources and benefits to those in poverty Social justice is a professional value that encompasses efforts to promote universal access to health care, such as the expansion of publicly funded programs like Medicare.

A nurse works in a nursing care facility that has a policy of regularly using restraints on clients that the nurse believes is unethical. However, the nurse feels obligated to follow the policy because of a fear of being fired. This is an example of which type of ethical situation? Ethical dilemma Moral distress Conscientious objection Moralizing

Moral distress

A nurse working in a critical care unit has experienced personal tragedy, extreme shortage of staff in the work environment, and health issues. The nurse has overcome much of these hardships and is now mentoring other nurses in similar situations. What behavior is this nurse demonstrating? Moral resilience Moral distress Conscientious objection Ethical dilemma

Moral resilience

A nurse who is infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) accidentally gets a cut while debriding a wound, exposing the client to possible HIV infection. Failure of the nurse to report this incident violates which ethical principles? Select all that apply. Justice Autonomy Nonmaleficence Veracity Fidelity

Nonmaleficence Veracity Fidelity Nonmaleficence means "doing no harm" or avoiding an action that deliberately harms a person. By not reporting this incident, the nurse is deliberately harming the client. Veracity means the duty to be honest and avoid deceiving or misleading a client. Fidelity means being faithful to work-related commitments and obligations, such as reporting the incident. Justice and autonomy do not apply in this scenario.

A nurse obtains an order for a bed alarm for a confused client. This is an example of which ethical principle? Paternalism Deception Confidentiality Conflict

Paternalism Making a decision for a client who is confused to prevent an injury is an example of paternalism. Deception occurs when the true nature or reason is concealed and the client is deprived of basic human rights. Confidentiality requires a health care provider to keep a client's personal health information private unless consent to release the information is provided by the client. Conflict is a disagreement or argument and does not represent the example in this question

A nurse believes that abortion is an acceptable option if a pregnancy results from a situation of rape. What is the best description of this belief? Personal moral Professional value Ethical principle Legal obligation

Personal moral

A nurse is reviewing The International Council of Nurses (ICN) Code of Ethics for Nurses. Based on this code, the nurse would identify which responsibilities as being fundamental? Select all that apply. Promoting health Preventing illness Restoring health Alleviating suffering Providing holistic care

Promoting health Preventing illness Restoring health Alleviating suffering

A client has been diagnosed with a debilitating neuromuscular disease that has left the client tired, confused, and in pain. Which action(s) will the nurse choose to advocate for this client in planning future care? Select all that apply. Provide education about treatments. Offer opinions on care options. Facilitate involvement of people essential to the decision. Reiterate the importance of the client making all decisions. Explain laboratory and radiology findings.

Provide education about treatments. Facilitate involvement of people essential to the decision. Explain laboratory and radiology findings. Advocacy includes ensuring the client is educated about treatments, that findings are explained, and that others important to the process are involved in decision-making. The nurse should not offer opinions on care options but should offer information about the options.

A nurse is having lunch in the break room and overhears the other nurses talking about a difficult client in an inappropriate way. The nurses attempt to engage her in the conversation. Which response by the nurse would best represent behavior that supports the value of human dignity in nursing practice? Sharing what the client did to the nurse last week, though the nurse treats the client with dignity Getting up and walking out of the break room because the nurse's break is over Laughing and joining in the conversation, though the nurse does not believe the client is that bad Saying that this discussion is inappropriate and disrespectful to the client and that the nurse does not want to be a part of it

Saying that this discussion is inappropriate and disrespectful to the client and that the nurse does not want to be a part of it

A nurse is caring for an older adult who has cancer and is experiencing complications requiring a revision of the plan of care. The nurse sits down with the client and the family and discusses their preferences while sharing the nurse's own judgments based on the nurse's expertise. Which type of healthcare decision making does this represent? Ethical decision making Paternalistic model Client sovereignty model Shared decision making

Shared decision making

Several nurses on the same hospital unit communicate on the same social networking site. A nurse posts the following statement to the social networking page, "The lady in room 34 with heart failure was a train wreck!" In which manner has the nurse failed to apply the principles of confidentiality? The nurse did not fail to apply the principles of confidentiality because the client's name was not used. Sharing information about a client beyond the area of client care is unacceptable and breaches the client's confidentiality rights. The nurse did not fail to apply the principles of confidentiality because the hospital's name was not mentioned. Sharing information about the client's diagnosis is unacceptable because it is viewed by the general public and not just other nurses.

Sharing information about a client beyond the area of client care is unacceptable and breaches the client's confidentiality rights.

Nurses must maintain the privacy of clients. Which example is a breach in privacy and would pose an ethical problem? Documenting the care in the client's record Taking a picture of a client with the nurse's cell phone Talking to the family when they visit the client Participating in a hand-off report at the end of the shift

Taking a picture of a client with the nurse's cell phone

Which nursing action(s) best demonstrate the ethical principle of autonomy? Select all that apply. The nurse reviews best practice standards for procedures commonly performed on the unit. The nurse calls the prescriber when a medication dosage seems too high for the intended client. The nurse checks to ensure an informed consent document is signed prior to transferring the client for a surgical procedure. The nurse completes yearly continuing education requirements. The nurse documents that a client refused a new medication.

The nurse checks to ensure an informed consent document is signed prior to transferring the client for a surgical procedure. The nurse documents that a client refused a new medication.

Ethical practice is evaluated as a portion of the nurse's annual review. Which practice(s) would cause the evaluator to reduce the nurse's score on this section of the review? Select all that apply. The nurse is frequently late to work. The nurse made two medication errors in the last year. The nurse often speaks harshly to cleaning staff and transport workers. The nurse requested that a specific client not be assigned his or her to care. The nurse suggested that a client be moved to palliative care status.

The nurse is frequently late to work. The nurse often speaks harshly to cleaning staff and transport workers.

A nurse seeks to incorporate the principle of bioethics known as nonmaleficence when caring for clients in a long-term care facility. Which nursing actions best exemplify this principle? Select all that apply. The nurse performs regular client assessments for pressure injuries. The nurse follows "medication rights" when administering medicine to clients. The nurse provides information to clients to help them make decisions about treatment options. The nurse arranges for hospice for a client who is terminally ill. The nurse keeps promises to provide diligent care to clients. The nurse acts fairly when allocating time and resources to clients.

The nurse performs regular client assessments for pressure injuries. The nurse follows "medication rights" when administering medicine to clients.

Which is a characteristic of the care-based approach to bioethics? The need to emphasize the relevance of clinical experience The rightness or wrongness of an action independent of its consequences The promotion of the dignity and respect of clients as people The need for an orientation toward service

The promotion of the dignity and respect of clients as people

Nurses who value client advocacy follow what guideline? They value their loyalty to an employing institution or to a colleague over their commitment to their clients. They give priority to the good of the individual client rather than to the good of society in general. They choose the claims of the client's well-being over the claims of the client's autonomy. They make decisions for clients who are uninformed concerning their rights and opportunities.

They give priority to the good of the individual client rather than to the good of society in general.

Which traits are examples of virtues that can exemplify character and conduct as a professional nurse? Select all that apply. Trustworthiness Humility Deception Conflict Compassion

Trustworthiness Humility Compassion

A nurse arrives on the medical unit wearing large, dangling earrings. This is an example of which type of conduct? Illegal Unethical Incompetent Unprofessional

Unprofessional

What is the term for the beliefs held by the individual about what matters? Ethics Values Morals Bioethics

Values

When providing nursing care to clients, the nurse is required to adhere to ethical values and legal rules to guide practice behavior. Which values would be included? Select all that apply. Veracity Fidelity Privacy Confidentiality Safety

Veracity Fidelity Privacy Confidentiality Ethical values and legal rules guide the behavior of health care professionals toward clients and their families. These include veracity, fidelity, privacy, and confidentiality. Safety is a basic human need and something the nurse should be concerned about but not an ethical value.

A parent teaches a child not to drink and drive; however, the parent does drink and drive. This action results in: conflict with society. a failure to model one's own values. insecurity and a lack of safety. a disruption in consistency.

a failure to model one's own values.

The foundation for decisions about resource allocation throughout a society or group is based on the ethical principle of: veracity. autonomy. justice. confidentiality.

justice.

A nurse shows client advocacy by: insisting that a medication be taken. offering a hospice consultation to a client who is terminally ill. sending a client home with verbal discharge instructions. refusing to allow a spouse to stay by the bedside.

offering a hospice consultation to a client who is terminally ill.

What is likely to have the greatest influence on an adolescent's formation of values during this developmental stage? School administration Work Awareness of other cultures Peers

peers

A nurse is of the Catholic faith and votes pro-life. This nurse is considered to have: moral agency. personal values. ethics. legal obligations.

personal values. The only information given here tells us that this nurse has personal values on a particular issues. Personal values are ideas or beliefs a person considers important and feels strongly about. Moral agency is the ability to do the ethically right thing because one knows it is the right thing to do. Ethics is a systematic study of principles of right and wrong conduct, virtue and vice, and good and evil as they relate to conduct and human flourishing. Legal obligations are behaviors and actions required by law.

Socialization into the nursing profession may have the most significant effect on: roles. values. documentation. planning.

values. Socialization into a culture refers not only to the adoption of practices, such as documentation and planning, and ways of relating to one another (roles) but to the very beliefs that one holds to be most important (values). Because values guide one's practices and roles, the most significant effect of socialization into nursing would be its effect on values.

A charge nurse has implemented staff education on nursing values. The nurse would determine that further education is required when which statement(s) are overheard? Select all that apply. "I can't believe the client is giving that precious baby up for adoption." "The gonorrhea test was positive. That's what the client gets for sleeping around." "If that was my mother, I sure wouldn't agree to a no-code." "If you are going to have extramarital sex, please protect yourself by using a condom." "Smoking has been shown to be a risk for many illnesses, including heart disease and cancer."

"I can't believe the client is giving that precious baby up for adoption." "The gonorrhea test was positive. That's what the client gets for sleeping around." "If that was my mother, I sure wouldn't agree to a no-code."

An illegal immigrant with no health insurance sustained life-threatening injuries in an automobile accident. Which action in this case demonstrates the ethical principle of justice? Airlifting the client to a local trauma center for emergency surgery Avoiding treating the client so as to not do any additional harm Filing the paperwork for the client to receive retroactive health insurance Telling the client honest information about the client's medical condition and prognosis

Airlifting the client to a local trauma center for emergency surgery The ethical principle of justice mandates that clients be treated impartially without discrimination according to age, gender, race, religion, socioeconomic status, weight, marital status, or sexual orientation. An immediate airlift to the local trauma center demonstrates that this client is being treated impartially. Avoiding causing the client additional harm would demonstrate nonmaleficence. Attempting to help the client obtain health insurance would demonstrate beneficence and advocacy. Telling the client the truth about the client's medical condition and prognosis would demonstrate integrity and honesty (veracity).

Which scenario is an example of the laissez-faire approach to value transmission? Teaching children right from wrong and telling them the reason behind a bad action Allowing a child to decide not to have an intravenous line inserted Modeling healthy behaviors for teenagers, such as not smoking electronic cigarettes Telling a child an injection will feel like a pinch before the nurse gives the injection

Allowing a child to decide not to have an intravenous line inserted

Which example most accurately depicts the ethical principle of autonomy? Describing a surgery to a client before the consent is signed Changing a dressing on a wound as needed Administering a morning dose of insulin before breakfast Transporting a client to a scheduled physical therapy appointment

Describing a surgery to a client before the consent is signed

A client is brought to the emergency department by an adult child, who states, "I am unable to care for my parent anymore. Although I would like to, financially and physically I can't do it anymore." What ethical problem is the adult child experiencing? Dilemma Distress Uncertainty Dissatisfaction

Distress

A nurse is providing care for three clients on a medical unit, two of whom are significantly more acute than the third. The nurse is making a concerted effort to ensure that the less acute client still receives a reasonable amount of time, attention, and care during the course of the shift. Which ethical principle is the nurse attempting to practice? Justice Beneficence Fidelity Nonmaleficence

Justice The ethical principle of justice includes an effort to fairly distribute benefits and to minimize discrimination, even when circumstances make this difficult to achieve. This is demonstrated by the nurse's efforts to fairly distribute the nurse's time and care. Beneficence is the ethical principle of promoting good. Nonmaleficence states that one should not do harm to clients. Fidelity is faithfulness to a person, cause, or belief, demonstrated by continuing loyalty and support.

Which actions by the nurse demonstrate the ethical principle of fidelity? Select all that apply. Maintaining current nursing registration and meeting continuing education requirements Performing an intervention for a client at the time that was promised Taking scheduled breaks on time Calling in sick due to a lack of sleep Taking an extra client assignment so that the client will be cared for

Maintaining current nursing registration and meeting continuing education requirements Performing an intervention for a client at the time that was promised Taking an extra client assignment so that the client will be cared for

The nurse has identified an ethical dilemma that has the potential to interfere with a client receiving optimal care. The nurse discussed this issue with the charge nurse on the unit. What action should the nurse choose next? Report the issue to the hospital medical director. Monitor for resolution of the problem. Depend on the charge nurse to handle the issue from this point. Inform the family that the ethical issue has been reported.

Monitor for resolution of the problem. Simply reporting the issue does not complete the nurse's obligation in this situation. The nurse should monitor for resolution of the issue, at least to the point where it no longer interferes with client care.

The International Council of Nurses (ICN) Code of Ethics for Nurses (2012) has which elements? Select all that apply. People Practice Family Profession Coworkers

People Practice Profession Coworkers

Which is the best definition of ethics? The formal, systematic study of moral beliefs The informal, systematic study of moral beliefs The adherence to formal personal values The adherence to informal personal values

The formal, systematic study of moral beliefs

Ethical practice is evaluated as a portion of the nurse's annual review. Which practice(s) would cause the evaluator to reduce the nurse's score on this section of the review? Select all that apply. The nurse is frequently late to work. The nurse made two medication errors in the last year. The nurse often speaks harshly to cleaning staff and transport workers. The nurse requested that a specific client not be assigned his or her to care. The nurse suggested that a client be moved to palliative care status.

The nurse is frequently late to work. The nurse often speaks harshly to cleaning staff and transport workers. Being late for work frequently is an ethical issue in that it puts undue strain on others. The nurse who often speaks harshly to others is not respectful.

Virtues are: beliefs about the worth of something, about what matters, that act as a standard to guide one's behavior. personal or communal standards of right and wrong. cultivated dispositions of character and conduct that motivate and enable us to be good human beings. general guides to action, including autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, and fidelity.

cultivated dispositions of character and conduct that motivate and enable us to be good human beings. Virtues are human excellences, or cultivated dispositions of character and conduct that motivate and enable us to be good human beings. Values are beliefs about the worth of something, about what matters, that act as a standard to guide one's behavior. Morals are personal or communal standards of right and wrong. Ethical principles are general guides to action, including autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, and fidelity.

A nurse is preparing a client for discharge from the cardiac unit and observes cigarettes in the client's belongings. The nurse asks the client to consider the client's health and that of the client's spouse. This is an example of: values clarification. moral distress. ethical dilemma. social justice.

values clarification. Values clarification is a process that allows an individual to examine and understand what choices to make