A & P II Midterm
capsule
Identify the structure labeled "3". subcapsular space outer cortex capsule trabeculae cortex
papillary muscles
Identify the structure labeled "8." moderator band chordae tendineae papillary muscles trabeculae carneae pectinate muscles
basophil
The rarest leukocyte is the ________.
A
Using Figure 20.1, match the following: Capillary with intercellular clefts.
7.4
What is the average normal pH of blood? 7.4 7.8 4.7 8.4
vasodilation
the redness and heat of an inflamed area due to a local hyperemia caused by phagocyte mobilization production of complement and interferon vasoconstriction vasodilation
albumin
The most abundant plasma protein is: albumin bile clotting protein globulin
shift
The movement of chloride ions into the RBCs in exchange for bicarbonate ions is known as the chloride exchange trade swap transport shift
True
The myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries. True False
left atrium
Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the: right ventricle left atrium right atrium left ventricle
There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma.
Fred's blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean? Antibodies to A and B are present in the red cells. There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma. His blood lacks Rh factor. All of the above are correct.
4
Hemoglobin is composed of ________ polypeptide chains.
4
Hemoglobin is composed of ___________ polypeptide chains.
True
Hemoglobin is found within red blood cells. True False
stroke volume
What volume is labeled "E" on the graph? cardiac output end-diastolic volume stroke volume end-systolic volume total cardiac volume
16
Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit? 10 16 13 5 both 5 and 16
B cells
Identify the dominant cell type in the are labeled "6". T cells B cells all of the above platelets erythrocytes
afferent lymphatic vessel
Identify the structure labeled "1". venule arteriole afferent lymphatic vessel lymphatic nodule efferent lymphatic vessel
pulmonary semilunar valve
Identify the structure labeled "19." pulmonary semilunar valve bicuspid valve tricuspid valve ligamentum arteriosum aortic semilunar valve
internal nares
Identify the structure labeled "2." oropharynx nasopharynx internal nares olfactory organ nasal sinus
outer cortex
Identify the structure labeled "6". trabeculae cortical sinus inner cortex medulla outer cortex
oropharynx
Identify the structure labeled "7". laryngopharynx esophagus internal nares oropharynx
oropharynx
Identify the structure labeled "7." oropharynx internal nares laryngopharynx esophagus glottis
interference with normal mechanical cardiac activity
If a significant amount of connective tissue were to develop connecting the visceral and parietal pericardial layers together, which of the following would be a likely consequence? decreased production of fluid in the pericardial cavity since it is no longer necessary interference with normal mechanical cardiac activity decreased friction between the visceral and parietal layers strengthening of the delicate pericardial layers and an improvement of cardiac function
closure of the heart valves
Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events? contraction of ventricular muscle excitation of the SA node closure of the heart valves friction of blood against the chamber walls
2, 4, 3, 1
Place the following in correct developmental sequence: 1. reticulocyte 2. proerythroblast 3. normoblast 4. late erythroblast 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 3, 2, 4 2, 4, 3, 1 2, 1, 3, 4
pump blood with greater pressure
The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to: pump blood with greater pressure pump blood through a smaller valve accommodate a greater volume of blood expand the thoracic cage during diastole
cusp of tricuspid valve
Use Figure 20-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "6." pulmonary semilunar valve ligamentum arteriosum bicuspid valve aortic semilunar valve cusp of tricuspid valve
16
Use Figure 20-1 to answer the following questions: Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit? 10 16 5 13 both 5 and 16
papillary muscles
Use Figure 20-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "8." trabeculae carneae moderator band chordae tendineae pectinate muscles papillary muscles
semilunar valve opens
Use Figure 20-2 to answer the following questions: What occurs at "A" on the graph? AV valve opens end systolic volume semilunar valve closes semilunar valve opens AV valve closes
both A and C
Use Figure 20-2 to answer the following questions: What occurs at the area labeled "D" on the graph? diastolic refilling begins semilunar valve opens AV valve opens both A and C both B and C
peak systolic pressure
Use Figure 20-2 to answer the following questions: What occurs at the circled label "5" on the graph? peak systolic pressure ventricular refilling isovolumetric contraction increased heart rate isovolumetric systole
stroke volume
Use Figure 20-2 to answer the following questions: What volume is labeled "E" on the graph? end-systolic volume total cardiac volume cardiac output stroke volume end-diastolic volume
end-systolic volume
Use Figure 20-2 to answer the following questions: What volume is labeled "G" on the graph? end-systolic volume end-diastolic volume stroke volume cardiac output both B and D
common carotid
Use Figure 21-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the arteries labeled "9." brachiocephalic common carotid brachial aorta axillary
celiac trunk
Use Figure 21-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the artery labeled "12." celiac trunk superior mesenteric inferior mesenteric axillary splenic
inferior mesenteric
Use Figure 21-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the artery labeled "16." inferior mesenteric celiac splenic superior mesenteric axillary
common iliac
Use Figure 21-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the artery labeled "6." common iliac abdominal aorta external iliac internal iliac femoral
brachiocephalic
Use Figure 21-1 to answer the following questions:I dentify the artery labeled "1." brachiocephalic brachial axillary common carotid aorta
T cells
Use Figure 22-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the dominant cell type in the area labeled "4." T cells erythrocytes B cells platelets all of the above
B cells
Use Figure 22-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the dominant cell type in the area labeled "6." B cells platelets erythrocytes T cells all of the above
afferent lymphatic vessel
Use Figure 22-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "1." afferent lymphatic vessel efferent lymphatic vessel lymphatic nodule venule arteriole
capsule
Use Figure 22-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "3." trabeculae outer cortex capsule cortex subcapsular space
outer cortex
Use Figure 22-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "6." medulla cortical sinus trabeculae inner cortex outer cortex
prevents food from entering the larynx
Use Figure 23-1 to answer the following questions: What is the function of the structure labeled "8"? causes air to swirl within the respiratory passageway prevents food from entering the pharynx acts like a supplementary air pump prevents food from entering the larynx forces air into the lungs
P outside > P inside
Use Figure 23-2 to answer the following questions: What is the relationship between the pressures at label "3"? P outside = P inside P outside > P inside P outside < P inside P outside - P inside P outside + P inside
P outside < P inside
Use Figure 23-2 to answer the following questions: What is the relationship between the pressures at label "8"? P outside + P inside P outside > P inside P outside = P inside P outside < P inside P outside - P inside
subatmospheric pressure
Use Figure 23-2 to answer the following questions: What pressure will be present in the space labeled "4"? subatmospheric pressure alveolar pressure interpleural pressure subalveolar pressure atmospheric pressure
external intercostals
Use Figure 23-2 to answer the following questions: Which muscle(s) produce(s) the movement labeled "1"? diaphragm internal intercostals rectus abdominis external intercostals both rectus abdominis and external intercostals
B
Using Figure 18.1, match the following: Become macrophages.
C
Using Figure 18.1, match the following: Kills parasitic worms.
D
Using Figure 18.1, match the following: Mounts an immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies.
A
Using Figure 18.1, match the following: Phagocytize bacteria.
B
Using Figure 20.1, match the following: Capillary found in endocrine organs that allows hormones to gain rapid entry into the blood.
C
Using Figure 20.1, match the following: Capillary that may contain Kupffer cells.
False
All arteries of the systemic circulation branch from the superior vena cava. True False
True
An increase in blood viscosity will cause an increase in peripheral resistance. True False
bone marrow
B lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the lymph nodes thymus spleen bone marrow
HR
CO = ________ x SV. (Use abbreviation)
natural killer cells
Cancer cells and virus-infected body cells can be killed before activation of the immune system by: B lymphocytes. pinocytosis. natural killer cells. T lymphocytes.
AV node
Damage to the ________ is referred to as heart block. AV valves SA node AV bundle AV node
cuboidal
Terminal bronchioles are lined with ________ epithelium.
antigen
In clonal selection of B cells, which substance is responsible for determining which cells will eventually become clones? antibody lymphocyte antigen macrophage
ovale
In the fetal heart there is a foramen ________ that allows blood to flow from the right atrium directly to the left atrium.
ovale
In the fetal heart there is a foramen ___________ that allows blood to flow from the right atrium directly to the left atrium.
False
Internal respiration is oxygen loading and carbon dioxide unloading between the blood and the air of the alveoli. True False
alveoli
Internal respiration refers to the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the alveoli and respiratory bronchioles conducting portion of the respiratory system alveoli respiratory bronchioles tissues and interstitial fluid
refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers
Isovolumetric contraction: occurs only in people with heart valve defects. occurs immediately after the semilunar valves close. occurs while the AV valves are open. refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers.
False
Most of the body's iron supply is in heparin. True False
One antigen may have many different antigenic determinants and may therefore cause the formation of more than one antibody.
Select the correct statement about antigens: The largest type of antigen is called a hapten. One antigen may have many different antigenic determinants and may therefore cause the formation of more than one antibody. "Self-antigens" is another name for incomplete antigens. Only small antigens exhibit reactivity.
A 50% oxygen saturation level of blood returning to the lungs might indicate an activity level higher than normal.
Select the correct statement about oxygen transport in blood: A 50% oxygen saturation level of blood returning to the lungs might indicate an activity level higher than normal. During conditions of acidosis, hemoglobin is able to carry oxygen more efficiently. Increased 2, 3-BPG levels in the red blood cell enhance oxygen-carrying capacity. During normal activity, a molecule of hemoglobin returning to the lungs contains one molecule of O<sub>2</sub>.
The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.
Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall. Connective tissue in the heart wall aids in the conduction of the action potential. The fibrous skeleton forms the bulk of the heart. The heart chambers are lined by the endomysium. The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.
purkinje
Specialized conductive cells of the ventricles are called ________ fibers.
coronary sinus
The enlarged coronary vessel outside the heart that empties blood into the right atrium is the ________.
eosinophil
The formed element ___________ can kill parasitic worms.
thyroid
The largest cartilage of the larynx is the ___________ cartilage. epiglottic arytenoid cricoid cuneiform thyroid
aspirin
___________ is an antiprostaglandin drug that inhibits thromboxane A2 formation (platelet plug formation).
immune system
The system that recognizes foreign molecules and acts to immobilize, neutralize, or destroy them is the renal system lymphatic system immune system integumentary system
left subclavian vein
The thoracic duct of the lymphatic system empties into the ________.
pseudostratified ciliated columnar
The trachea is lined with ________ epithelium.
neutrophil
Use Figure 19-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the cell labeled "2." eosinophil neutrophil lymphocyte monocyte basophil
eosinophil
Use Figure 19-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the cell labeled "3." lymphocyte eosinophil basophil erythrocyte monocyte
monocyte
Use Figure 19-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the cell labeled "5." eosinophil basophil lymphocyte erythrocyte monocyte
lymphocyte
Use Figure 19-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the cell labeled "6." basophil erythrocyte lymphocyte eosinophil monocyte
platelet
Use Figure 19-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the cell labeled "7." platelet neutrophil lymphocyte monocyte basophil
pulmonary semilunar valve
Use Figure 20-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "19." aortic semilunar valve bicuspid valve pulmonary semilunar valve tricuspid valve ligamentum arteriosum
ligamentum arteriosum
Use Figure 20-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "21." pulmonary semilunar valve tricuspid valve ligamentum arteriosum bicuspid valve aortic semilunar valve
all of the above
What is the function of the structures labeled "12"? cause air to swirl within the respiratory passageway create narrow passages help olfaction improve warming of incoming air all of the above
antigenic
Which of the following is NOT a type of T cell? cytotoxic suppressor antigenic helper
production of vacuoles
Which of the following is not a phase of erythropoiesis? production of ribosomes synthesis of hemoglobin production of vacuoles ejection of the erythrocyte nucleus
fibrinolysis
Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis? coagulation fibrinolysis platelet plug formation vascular spasm
fibrinolysis
Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis? fibrinolysis coagulation platelet plug formation vascular spasm
antigenic
Which of the following is not a type of T cell? helper antigenic suppressor cytotoxic
composed of heavy and light polypeptides
Which of the following is the characteristic of antibodies? incapable of being transferred form one person to another three binding sites per antibody monomer carbohydrate structure composed of heavy and light polypeptides
alveoli
Which of the following provide the greatest surface area for gas exchange? alveolar ducts alveoli respiratory bronchioles alveolar sacs
11
Which structure vibrates to produce sound? 8 11 5 19 10
tunica interna (intima)
Which tunic of an artery contains endothelium? tunica media tunica adventitia tunica externa tunica interna (intima)
semilunar
________ valves of the heart have no chordae tendineae attached.