A & P II Midterm

capsule

Identify the structure labeled "3". subcapsular space outer cortex capsule trabeculae cortex

papillary muscles

Identify the structure labeled "8." moderator band chordae tendineae papillary muscles trabeculae carneae pectinate muscles

basophil

The rarest leukocyte is the ________.

A

Using Figure 20.1, match the following: Capillary with intercellular clefts.

7.4

What is the average normal pH of blood? 7.4 7.8 4.7 8.4

vasodilation

the redness and heat of an inflamed area due to a local hyperemia caused by phagocyte mobilization production of complement and interferon vasoconstriction vasodilation

albumin

The most abundant plasma protein is: albumin bile clotting protein globulin

shift

The movement of chloride ions into the RBCs in exchange for bicarbonate ions is known as the chloride exchange trade swap transport shift

True

The myocardium receives its blood supply from the coronary arteries. True False

left atrium

Blood within the pulmonary veins returns to the: right ventricle left atrium right atrium left ventricle

There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma.

Fred's blood was determined to be AB positive. What does this mean? Antibodies to A and B are present in the red cells. There are no antibodies to A, to B, or to Rh antigens in the plasma. His blood lacks Rh factor. All of the above are correct.

4

Hemoglobin is composed of ________ polypeptide chains.

4

Hemoglobin is composed of ___________ polypeptide chains.

True

Hemoglobin is found within red blood cells. True False

stroke volume

What volume is labeled "E" on the graph? cardiac output end-diastolic volume stroke volume end-systolic volume total cardiac volume

16

Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit? 10 16 13 5 both 5 and 16

B cells

Identify the dominant cell type in the are labeled "6". T cells B cells all of the above platelets erythrocytes

afferent lymphatic vessel

Identify the structure labeled "1". venule arteriole afferent lymphatic vessel lymphatic nodule efferent lymphatic vessel

pulmonary semilunar valve

Identify the structure labeled "19." pulmonary semilunar valve bicuspid valve tricuspid valve ligamentum arteriosum aortic semilunar valve

internal nares

Identify the structure labeled "2." oropharynx nasopharynx internal nares olfactory organ nasal sinus

outer cortex

Identify the structure labeled "6". trabeculae cortical sinus inner cortex medulla outer cortex

oropharynx

Identify the structure labeled "7". laryngopharynx esophagus internal nares oropharynx

oropharynx

Identify the structure labeled "7." oropharynx internal nares laryngopharynx esophagus glottis

interference with normal mechanical cardiac activity

If a significant amount of connective tissue were to develop connecting the visceral and parietal pericardial layers together, which of the following would be a likely consequence? decreased production of fluid in the pericardial cavity since it is no longer necessary interference with normal mechanical cardiac activity decreased friction between the visceral and parietal layers strengthening of the delicate pericardial layers and an improvement of cardiac function

closure of the heart valves

Normal heart sounds are caused by which of the following events? contraction of ventricular muscle excitation of the SA node closure of the heart valves friction of blood against the chamber walls

2, 4, 3, 1

Place the following in correct developmental sequence: 1. reticulocyte 2. proerythroblast 3. normoblast 4. late erythroblast 1, 2, 3, 4 1, 3, 2, 4 2, 4, 3, 1 2, 1, 3, 4

pump blood with greater pressure

The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to: pump blood with greater pressure pump blood through a smaller valve accommodate a greater volume of blood expand the thoracic cage during diastole

cusp of tricuspid valve

Use Figure 20-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "6." pulmonary semilunar valve ligamentum arteriosum bicuspid valve aortic semilunar valve cusp of tricuspid valve

16

Use Figure 20-1 to answer the following questions: Which chamber receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary circuit? 10 16 5 13 both 5 and 16

papillary muscles

Use Figure 20-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "8." trabeculae carneae moderator band chordae tendineae pectinate muscles papillary muscles

semilunar valve opens

Use Figure 20-2 to answer the following questions: What occurs at "A" on the graph? AV valve opens end systolic volume semilunar valve closes semilunar valve opens AV valve closes

both A and C

Use Figure 20-2 to answer the following questions: What occurs at the area labeled "D" on the graph? diastolic refilling begins semilunar valve opens AV valve opens both A and C both B and C

peak systolic pressure

Use Figure 20-2 to answer the following questions: What occurs at the circled label "5" on the graph? peak systolic pressure ventricular refilling isovolumetric contraction increased heart rate isovolumetric systole

stroke volume

Use Figure 20-2 to answer the following questions: What volume is labeled "E" on the graph? end-systolic volume total cardiac volume cardiac output stroke volume end-diastolic volume

end-systolic volume

Use Figure 20-2 to answer the following questions: What volume is labeled "G" on the graph? end-systolic volume end-diastolic volume stroke volume cardiac output both B and D

common carotid

Use Figure 21-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the arteries labeled "9." brachiocephalic common carotid brachial aorta axillary

celiac trunk

Use Figure 21-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the artery labeled "12." celiac trunk superior mesenteric inferior mesenteric axillary splenic

inferior mesenteric

Use Figure 21-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the artery labeled "16." inferior mesenteric celiac splenic superior mesenteric axillary

common iliac

Use Figure 21-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the artery labeled "6." common iliac abdominal aorta external iliac internal iliac femoral

brachiocephalic

Use Figure 21-1 to answer the following questions:I dentify the artery labeled "1." brachiocephalic brachial axillary common carotid aorta

T cells

Use Figure 22-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the dominant cell type in the area labeled "4." T cells erythrocytes B cells platelets all of the above

B cells

Use Figure 22-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the dominant cell type in the area labeled "6." B cells platelets erythrocytes T cells all of the above

afferent lymphatic vessel

Use Figure 22-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "1." afferent lymphatic vessel efferent lymphatic vessel lymphatic nodule venule arteriole

capsule

Use Figure 22-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "3." trabeculae outer cortex capsule cortex subcapsular space

outer cortex

Use Figure 22-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "6." medulla cortical sinus trabeculae inner cortex outer cortex

prevents food from entering the larynx

Use Figure 23-1 to answer the following questions: What is the function of the structure labeled "8"? causes air to swirl within the respiratory passageway prevents food from entering the pharynx acts like a supplementary air pump prevents food from entering the larynx forces air into the lungs

P outside > P inside

Use Figure 23-2 to answer the following questions: What is the relationship between the pressures at label "3"? P outside = P inside P outside > P inside P outside < P inside P outside - P inside P outside + P inside

P outside < P inside

Use Figure 23-2 to answer the following questions: What is the relationship between the pressures at label "8"? P outside + P inside P outside > P inside P outside = P inside P outside < P inside P outside - P inside

subatmospheric pressure

Use Figure 23-2 to answer the following questions: What pressure will be present in the space labeled "4"? subatmospheric pressure alveolar pressure interpleural pressure subalveolar pressure atmospheric pressure

external intercostals

Use Figure 23-2 to answer the following questions: Which muscle(s) produce(s) the movement labeled "1"? diaphragm internal intercostals rectus abdominis external intercostals both rectus abdominis and external intercostals

B

Using Figure 18.1, match the following: Become macrophages.

C

Using Figure 18.1, match the following: Kills parasitic worms.

D

Using Figure 18.1, match the following: Mounts an immune response by direct cell attack or via antibodies.

A

Using Figure 18.1, match the following: Phagocytize bacteria.

B

Using Figure 20.1, match the following: Capillary found in endocrine organs that allows hormones to gain rapid entry into the blood.

C

Using Figure 20.1, match the following: Capillary that may contain Kupffer cells.

False

All arteries of the systemic circulation branch from the superior vena cava. True False

True

An increase in blood viscosity will cause an increase in peripheral resistance. True False

bone marrow

B lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the lymph nodes thymus spleen bone marrow

HR

CO = ________ x SV. (Use abbreviation)

natural killer cells

Cancer cells and virus-infected body cells can be killed before activation of the immune system by: B lymphocytes. pinocytosis. natural killer cells. T lymphocytes.

AV node

Damage to the ________ is referred to as heart block. AV valves SA node AV bundle AV node

cuboidal

Terminal bronchioles are lined with ________ epithelium.

antigen

In clonal selection of B cells, which substance is responsible for determining which cells will eventually become clones? antibody lymphocyte antigen macrophage

ovale

In the fetal heart there is a foramen ________ that allows blood to flow from the right atrium directly to the left atrium.

ovale

In the fetal heart there is a foramen ___________ that allows blood to flow from the right atrium directly to the left atrium.

False

Internal respiration is oxygen loading and carbon dioxide unloading between the blood and the air of the alveoli. True False

alveoli

Internal respiration refers to the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the alveoli and respiratory bronchioles conducting portion of the respiratory system alveoli respiratory bronchioles tissues and interstitial fluid

refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers

Isovolumetric contraction: occurs only in people with heart valve defects. occurs immediately after the semilunar valves close. occurs while the AV valves are open. refers to the short period during ventricular systole when the ventricles are completely closed chambers.

False

Most of the body's iron supply is in heparin. True False

One antigen may have many different antigenic determinants and may therefore cause the formation of more than one antibody.

Select the correct statement about antigens: The largest type of antigen is called a hapten. One antigen may have many different antigenic determinants and may therefore cause the formation of more than one antibody. "Self-antigens" is another name for incomplete antigens. Only small antigens exhibit reactivity.

A 50% oxygen saturation level of blood returning to the lungs might indicate an activity level higher than normal.

Select the correct statement about oxygen transport in blood: A 50% oxygen saturation level of blood returning to the lungs might indicate an activity level higher than normal. During conditions of acidosis, hemoglobin is able to carry oxygen more efficiently. Increased 2, 3-BPG levels in the red blood cell enhance oxygen-carrying capacity. During normal activity, a molecule of hemoglobin returning to the lungs contains one molecule of O₂.

The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.

Select the correct statement about the structure of the heart wall. Connective tissue in the heart wall aids in the conduction of the action potential. The fibrous skeleton forms the bulk of the heart. The heart chambers are lined by the endomysium. The myocardium is the layer of the heart that actually contracts.

purkinje

Specialized conductive cells of the ventricles are called ________ fibers.

coronary sinus

The enlarged coronary vessel outside the heart that empties blood into the right atrium is the ________.

eosinophil

The formed element ___________ can kill parasitic worms.

thyroid

The largest cartilage of the larynx is the ___________ cartilage. epiglottic arytenoid cricoid cuneiform thyroid

aspirin

___________ is an antiprostaglandin drug that inhibits thromboxane A2 formation (platelet plug formation).

immune system

The system that recognizes foreign molecules and acts to immobilize, neutralize, or destroy them is the renal system lymphatic system immune system integumentary system

left subclavian vein

The thoracic duct of the lymphatic system empties into the ________.

pseudostratified ciliated columnar

The trachea is lined with ________ epithelium.

neutrophil

Use Figure 19-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the cell labeled "2." eosinophil neutrophil lymphocyte monocyte basophil

eosinophil

Use Figure 19-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the cell labeled "3." lymphocyte eosinophil basophil erythrocyte monocyte

monocyte

Use Figure 19-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the cell labeled "5." eosinophil basophil lymphocyte erythrocyte monocyte

lymphocyte

Use Figure 19-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the cell labeled "6." basophil erythrocyte lymphocyte eosinophil monocyte

platelet

Use Figure 19-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the cell labeled "7." platelet neutrophil lymphocyte monocyte basophil

pulmonary semilunar valve

Use Figure 20-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "19." aortic semilunar valve bicuspid valve pulmonary semilunar valve tricuspid valve ligamentum arteriosum

ligamentum arteriosum

Use Figure 20-1 to answer the following questions: Identify the structure labeled "21." pulmonary semilunar valve tricuspid valve ligamentum arteriosum bicuspid valve aortic semilunar valve

all of the above

What is the function of the structures labeled "12"? cause air to swirl within the respiratory passageway create narrow passages help olfaction improve warming of incoming air all of the above

antigenic

Which of the following is NOT a type of T cell? cytotoxic suppressor antigenic helper

production of vacuoles

Which of the following is not a phase of erythropoiesis? production of ribosomes synthesis of hemoglobin production of vacuoles ejection of the erythrocyte nucleus

fibrinolysis

Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis? coagulation fibrinolysis platelet plug formation vascular spasm

fibrinolysis

Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis? fibrinolysis coagulation platelet plug formation vascular spasm

antigenic

Which of the following is not a type of T cell? helper antigenic suppressor cytotoxic

composed of heavy and light polypeptides

Which of the following is the characteristic of antibodies? incapable of being transferred form one person to another three binding sites per antibody monomer carbohydrate structure composed of heavy and light polypeptides

alveoli

Which of the following provide the greatest surface area for gas exchange? alveolar ducts alveoli respiratory bronchioles alveolar sacs

11

Which structure vibrates to produce sound? 8 11 5 19 10

tunica interna (intima)

Which tunic of an artery contains endothelium? tunica media tunica adventitia tunica externa tunica interna (intima)

semilunar

________ valves of the heart have no chordae tendineae attached.