A6: B - Battery and Starting System Diagnosis and
Other than CCR some batteries are also rated in...
"cranking amps"
to test the pull in winding of the starter solenoid, the ohmmeter leads must be connected across the ....
"s" terminal and the "motor" terminal
to test the hold-in winding of the starter solenoid connect the ohmmeter leads from the ...
"s" terminal to the ground .
When performing a battery state-of-charge test with a hydrometer....subtract 0.004 specific gravity points from the hydrometer reading for every 10°F (5.6°C) of electrolyte temperature below 80° F (26.7°C). During this test, 0.004 specific gravity points must be added to the hydrometer reading for every 10°F(5.6°C) of electrolyte temperature above 80°F (26.7°C). The maximum variation is...
0.050 in cell-specific gravity readings.
if a cable has a lot of corrosion, replace the cables if the voltage drop is ...
0.5 Volts or higher
Some starters use alignment shims. The purpose of adding shims between the starter and its mounting surface is to...
adjust the depth of the starter drive gear when it engages the flywheel.
when the power is disconnected from a vehicle and the engine operation/transmission shifting is erratic what must happen?
after the vehicle is driven for about 20 miles (32 kilometers) the computer relearned the system, and normal operation is restored.
explains the cable placement during a boost procedure
always connect the positive booster cable followed by the negative booster cable and complete the negative cable connection last on the vehicle being boosted.
a starter draw test is performed with a specialized...
ammeter that is generally also used for testing generators.
When an ohmmeter is connected across the relay or switch contacts, the meter should provide what? if the contacts are open.
an infinite reading if the contacts are open
Relays and switches in the starting motor circuit may be tested with ...
an ohmmeter.
when reading the voltage drop across each component while the starter motor is operating , a general specification for this test is...
any component reading less than 0.5 volts is acceptable.
The battery state-of-charge can be checked with a voltmeter as well as with a hydrometer. Name the standard to go by
12.6 volts = fully charged 12.4 volts = 75% charged 12.2 volts = 50% charged 12 volts = 25% charged
When performing a starter current draw test there will be a slight spike in the current as the starter begins to crank. in most applications, the starter will demand ....
130-200 amps, depending on the design of the starter and the size of the engine.
A tech should be careful to not use the cranking amp rating when calculating the load-test amps. The battery must be at least 75% charged in order for this test to be valid. the battery is discharged at that rate for....
15 seconds and the battery voltage must remain above 9.6V, with the battery temperature at 70°F (21.1°C) or above.
A tech should be careful to not use the cranking amp rating when calculating the load-test amps. The battery must be at least...
75% charged in order for this test to be valid
in order to maintain voltage to the electrical system when the battery is disconnected...
A 12 volt power supply from a dry cell battery may be connected through the power outlet connector
Check starter relays and solenoids for excessive resistance in the high-current contacts. What is the best method to test for burnt contacts?
A voltage drop across the load side of these devices while in operation
During a boost procedure, when disconnecting the booster cables, remove the _________ booster cable first on the vehicle....
During a boost procedure, when disconnecting the booster cables, remove the negative booster cable first on the vehicle being boosted
what kind of readings indicate a defective starter?
High starter current draw, low cranking speed, and low cranking voltage
readings during a starter current draw test that would indicate excessive resistance in the starter circuit would be..
Low current draw, low cranking speed, and high cranking voltage
what is specific gravity?
Specific gravity is the ratio of the density (thickness) of a substance to the density (mass of the same unit volume) of a reference substance
explain the relationship between temperature and voltage
The lower the temp, the lower the voltage the higher the temp, the higher the voltage
When performing a battery state-of-charge test when do you know the battery is fully charged?
When all the cell readings exceed 1.265, the battery is fully charged.
High starter current draw, low cranking speed, and low cranking voltage usually indicates...
a bad starter or possibly could even be caused by internal engine problems
items that could cause unusual cranking noise include...
a worn starter drive gear, a worn ring gear, loose starter mounting bolts, and incorrect drive gear to ring gear clearance. A close inspection of these items will typically reveal the location of the noise.
the charging time depends on the ...
battery state-of-charge and the battery capacity.
the starter should create the correct cranking speed to allow the engine to start if what is acceptable?
battery voltage and cranking amperage
A tech should be careful to not use the cranking amp rating when...
calculating the load-test amps.
A tool that is widely used to test batteries is the digital battery tester. This small tool measures the...
capacitance (the ability of a body to store an electrical charge) of the battery and gives feedback to the technician of the state-of-charge as well as if the battery needs to be charged or replaced
When fast charging a battery reduce the...
charging rate when specific gravity reaches 1.225 to avoid excessive battery gassing.
The first step to checking a starting problem should be to...
check the battery condition. many starting problems can be attributed to battery problems.
the ways to determine whether the starter is causing the no crank or slow crank include...
checking the starter current draw as well as checking for excessive voltage drops in all of the starter and battery components .
Do not attempt to charge a ...
cold battery
the items the digital battery tester uses to reveal the state of the battery include...
cold cranking amps, state of charge, battery voltage, and battery defects.
when performing a starter circuit voltage drop test, read the voltage drop across each component while the starting motor is operating. For example, ......
connect the voltmeter leads to the positive battery terminal and the positive cable on the starter solenoid and crank the engine to measure the voltage drop across the positive battery cable.
which is typically a higher number/rating "cranking amps" or cold cranking amps?
cranking amps
in order to determine whether a motor is timed correctly or not what must be performed?
it may be necessary to perform an engine compression test and visually inspect the timing marks
Maintenance free batteries with built in hydrometer a indicate a low electrolyte level when the hydrometer is...
light yellow or clear
when a relay is de-energized how does it suppress voltage spikes?
many relays have diodes or resistors in parallel with the coil to suppress voltage spikes when the relay is de-energized.
to perform starter circuit voltage drop tests....
measure the voltage drop across each component in the starter circuit to check the resistance in that part of the circuit.
what might indicate a problem in high amperage circuits?
more than a 0.5 volt drop
when disconnecting battery cables always disconnect the....
negative cable first
generally, when performing starter circuit voltage drop tests a total of the voltage drops across each starter component should...
not exceed 1.5 Volts
When performing a starter current draw test, an inductive clamp is placed...
on the cable to the starter.
The battery discharge rate for a capacity test is usually ...
one-half of the cold cranking rating (CCR)
most inductive pickups are polarized, which means that the...
pick-up must be clamped around the cable in the proper direction.
Relays often develop corrosion on contacts, which can cause problems with either...
power feed to the controlled device/system or activating the relay
virtually all vehicles have what that avoids the need for alignment shims?
precision-engineered starter mounts
When the ohmmeter leads are connected across the terminals that are connected to the relay winding, the meter should Indicate the specified resistance. A resistance below the specified value indicates a...
shorted winding
slow cranking also can be caused by engine problems. an engine that is not timed correctly will cause....
slow cranking as well as increased starter current draw.
the threads of a battery side terminal are in...
soft lead and can easily be stripped.
The battery is fully charged when the...
specific gravity increases to 1.265.
When performing a battery state-of-charge test with a hydrometer....subtract 0.004 specific gravity points from the hydrometer reading for every 10°F (5.6°C) of electrolyte temperature below 80° F (26.7°C). During this test, 0.004....
specific gravity points must be added to the hydrometer reading for every 10°F(5.6°C) of electrolyte temperature above 80°F (26.7°C).
what are examples of large relays controlled by a fairly low amperage ignition switch?
starter solenoids
When performing a battery state-of-charge test with a hydrometer....
subtract 0.004 specific gravity points from the hydrometer reading for every 10°F (5.6°C) of electrolyte temperature below 80° F (26.7°C)
what must be off during a boost procedure?
the accessories on both vehicles must be turned off
if the electrolyte level is low in a battery..:
the batter should be replaced.
if you are going to charge a battery while its still in the vehicle, what should be disconnected?
the battery cables should be disconnected during the charging procedure.
in batteries with removable caps what should be checked
the electrolyte level
if the battery voltage and cranking amperage variables are within the correct range, then what should be checked for problems?
the fuel and ignition system
before starting the procedure of removing the starter what should be removed?
the negative battery cable
When the ohmmeter leads are connected across the terminals that are connected to the relay winding, the meter should Indicate...
the specified resistance
when performing a starter circuit voltage drop test, read the voltage drop across each component while...
the starting motor is operating
during a boost procedure what must not come into contact with each other?
the vehicles must not be allowed to contact each other.
When performing a starter current draw test, look for an arrow on the pick-up. The arrow always points...
to the device being tested
What are the basic step in performing a starter current draw test?
using a specialized ammeter like a VAT 40 place the inductive clamp on the cable to the starter. red lead to red and black to black. disable the ignition and crank the engine to see the readings
If the relay or switch contacts are closed, the ohmmeter should be...
very low.
if a cable has considerable corrosion, it might have corrosion that has worked up into the cable under the coating. when in doubt, do a ...
voltage drop test on the cables and recommend replacement if 0.5 volts or higher is measured.
When the ohmmeter leads are connected across the terminals that are connected to the relay winding, the meter should Indicate the specified resistance. A resistance below the specified value indicates a shorter winding, whereas an infinite reading proves that the...
windings are open
The primary purpose of cleaning a battery is to...
eliminate surface discharge across the battery and to remove any corrosion that has collected around the terminals.
during a boost procedure, the negative booster cable must be connected to an...
engine ground in the vehicle being boosted.
not only will disconnecting the battery voltage disrupt engine operation and transmission shifting but it will also...
erase all vehicle equipped personalized items, such memory seats or mirrors, the memory will be erased in the computer that controls these items. Radio station presets will also be erased along with the clock
If battery voltage is disconnected from a computer, the adaptive memory in computer is...
erased.
In the case of a power train control module (PCM), disconnecting the power may cause...
erratic engine operation or erratic transmission shifting when the engine is restarted.
Low current draw, low cranking speed, and high cranking voltage indicate...
excessive resistance in the starter circuit
the mounting bolts should be at the correct torque. The starter drive gear and the ring gear should not be worn excessively and if they are what could indicate there wear?
excessive wear will leave the surfaces shiny and misshaped.
a low electrolyte level can be caused by a...
faulty voltage regulator that causes overcharging.
if the engine does not turn manually, then internal engine problems are present and need to be located. examples of engine conditions that could cause this condition include...
fluid in the cylinders, damaged engine bearings, or a locked up engine.
while measuring the voltage drop across each component in the starter circuit what systems must be disabled?
fuel and ignition
an extended cranking problem is usually caused by the...
fuel or ignition system
if incorrect clearance is suspected between the drive gear and the ring gear a technician can use...
gear marking compound on the ring gear and then briefly operate the starter. An inspection will reveal the contact points of the gears. Shims can be removed if the clearance is too wide or added if the clearance is too close.
what kind of starters do not take as much current to operate?
gear reduction starters
While charging a battery if the battery temperature exceeds_________while charging, the ....
if the battery exceeds 125°F (51.7°C) while charging, the battery may be damaged.
after checking the battery and making a visual inspection of the starting system to find loose connectors/frayed wires for a staring problem now check...
if the engine will not turn over, try to turn the engine over manually by turning the crankshaft bolt
High starter current draw, low cranking speed, and low cranking voltage usually indicate a defective starter. This condition also may be caused by ...
internal engine problems.