A&P 2 FINAL
What substance fills the spleen?
blood
In active artificial immunity, _____.
c. the body is deliberately exposed to an antigen
The combination of plasma and formed elements is called _____.
c. whole blood
The neurons most important in stimulating the diaphragm are located in the _____.
dorsal respiratory
The thymus gland is positioned _____.
just behind the sternum
The layer of the digestive wall immediately beneath the epithelium is the _____.
lamina propria
Which of the following is an example of a mechanical barrier?
skin
Stem cells that will form T cells are modified in the _____.
thymus
Which of the following organs is largest in infancy and gradually decreases in size after puberty?
thymus
What is the average arterial pressure for a healthy adult?
120/80
The normal respiratory rate for children is _____.
18-20
The human liver is composed of _____ lobes.
4
One measure of pulmonary function can be determined by a spirometer. This instrument measures _____.
A,C,D
Blood flow has the highest viscosity in the _____.
arteries
Secretions from the salivary glands _____.
b,c
Immunoglobulins that are the largest class and mainly responsible for resistance against viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are _____.
b. IgG
Biconcave cells without a nucelus are called _____.
b. erythrocytes
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes the disease known as AIDS selectively infects _____.
b. helper T cells
The most active phagocytic cells found in circulating blood are _____.
b. neutrophils and monocytes
The production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis) increases when _____.
b. oxygen levels in the blood decrease
What is an erythrocyte?
b. red blood cell
Lymphocytes are located in each of the following tissues or organs EXCEPT: ______.
brain
In a condition known as pleurisy, there is excess fluid in the pleural space. How would you expect this to affect the process of pulmonary ventilation?
breathing would be labored & difficult
The average life span of a red blood cell is _____.
c. 4 months
The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are _____.
c. albumins
Excessive immune response that can cross the placenta are _____.
c. allergies
The portion of the small intestine that is attached to the pylorus of the stomach is the _____.
c. duodenum
Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone _____.
c. erythropoietin
A person who lives in a city at sea level and vacations in the Rocky Mountains would experience an increase in _____.
c. his/her red blood cell count
The middle portion of the small intestine is the _____.
c. jejunum
The thymus gland is positioned _____.
c. just behind the sternum
____ includes two bilateral groups of neurons: dorsal respiratory group and ventral respiratory group.
c. medullary respiratory center
Which of the following secrete antibodies?
c. plasma cells
Red blood cells are formed in _____.
c. red bone marrow
Blood vessels in the cardiovascular system are subdivided into the _____.
c. systemic and pulmonary circuits
The only blood vessels whose wall permit exchange between the blood and the surrounding interstitial fluids are the _____.
capillaries
Which vessels are the smallest?
capillaries
Salivary amylase functions to digest _____.
carbodhydrates
The most important chemical regulator of respiration is _____.
carbon dioxide
Cytotoxic T cells destroy their target cells by releasing substances that alter _____.
cell membranes
The root of a tooth is covered with _____.
cementum
Digestion refers to the _____.
chemical breakdown of food
The _____ are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and shredding.
cuspids
The largest collection of lymphoid tissue in the body is contained in the _____.
d. adult spleen
The lymph nodes of the axillary region receive lymph mainly from the _____.
d. arm and mammary glands
Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called _____.
d. passive natural
Compared with nonspecific defenses, specific defenses _____.
d. provide protection agains threats on an individual basis
The inflation reflex is activated by _____.
d. stretch receptors in the bronchioles and alveoli
Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the _____.
d. thoracic duct
What is a decrease in the diameter of a vessel?
d. vasocontrriction
Blood is composed of _____.
e. all of these
Red bone marrow is located in _____.
e. all of these
An inflammatory response is triggered when _____.
e. mast cells release histamine, seratonin, and heparin
Thick-walled vessels with a large degree of distensibility are called _____ arteries.
elastic
A chronic, progressive condition characterized by a shortness of breath and destruction of alveolar surfaces and inadequate surface area for gaseous exchange is termed _____.
emphysema
B cells are primarily activated by the activities of _____.
helper T cells
Each of the following will result in increased blood flow to a tissue EXCEPT one. Find the exception.
increased vessel diameter
Chewing is called _____.
mastification
All of the various macrophages are derived from _____.
monocytes
The brachial artery would be classified as a(n) _____ artery.
muscular
Contraction of the _____ layer of the intestinal wall functions to change the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves food through its length.
muscularIS
Decompression sickness is a painful condition that resluts in _____ gas coming out of solution in the bloodstream.
nitrogen
Chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies are most sensitive to changes in blood _____.
oxygen concentratration
The structure that separates the nasal and oral cavities from each other is called the _____.
palate
The first line of cellular defense against pathogens is _____.
phagocytes
Lymph differs from plasma in that _____.
plasma contains more protein than lymph
The portion of the tooth containing blood vessels and nerves is the _____.
pulp
Which of the following is a major action of the large intestine?
reabsorb water
Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract EXCEPT one. Identify the exception:
spleen
Which of the following foods will spend the most time in the stomach?
steak
Which of the following is the top number in a blood pressure reading?
systolic
_____ are the large lymphatic nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx.
tonsils
In this procedure, an incision is made through the anterior tracheal wall and a tube is inserted.
tracheostomy
The outermost layer of the arterial wall is the _____.
tunica externa
The muscular layer of blood vessels is the _____.
tunica media
Which of the following vessels holds the greatest volume of blood?
veins
Blood pressure in the systemic arteries is greatest during _____.
ventricular systole
The tendency for a fluid to resist flowing due to the internal friction of its molecules is called _____.
viscosity
Immunoglobins that can cross the placenta are the _____.
IgG
Immunological surveillance involves which of the following cells?
NK cells
The _____ gland empties in to the upper regions of the oral cavity.
PARATOID
The hematocrit range for males is _____.
a. 40-54
The formed elements of the blood include _____.
a. WBC's RBC's and platelets
_____ is a plasma protein that helps regulate the colloid osmotic pressure of blood.
a. albumin
A small branch of an artery that communicates with a capillary network is a(n) _____.
a. arteriole
An expanded chamber in the region of the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the _____.
a. cecum
Cholecystokinin from the intestinal wall is stimulated by the presence of _____.
a. fats and protein in the duodenum
In adults, erythropoiesis primarily takes place in _____.
a. red bone marrow
The movement of nutrients through the wall of the digestive tract is called _____.
absorption
Absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by _____.
all of these
Blood flow through the circulatory system is affected by _____.
all of these
Blood pressure increases with _____.
all of these
Functions of the stomach include _____.
all of these
In individuals afflicted with CF, which of the following can occur?
all of these
Lymph contains
all of these
The baroreceptor reflex causes _____.
all of these
The liver functions to _____.
all of these
Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?
all of these
