A&P 2 FINAL

What substance fills the spleen?

blood

In active artificial immunity, _____.

c. the body is deliberately exposed to an antigen

The combination of plasma and formed elements is called _____.

c. whole blood

The neurons most important in stimulating the diaphragm are located in the _____.

dorsal respiratory

The thymus gland is positioned _____.

just behind the sternum

The layer of the digestive wall immediately beneath the epithelium is the _____.

lamina propria

Which of the following is an example of a mechanical barrier?

skin

Stem cells that will form T cells are modified in the _____.

thymus

Which of the following organs is largest in infancy and gradually decreases in size after puberty?

thymus

What is the average arterial pressure for a healthy adult?

120/80

The normal respiratory rate for children is _____.

18-20

The human liver is composed of _____ lobes.

4

One measure of pulmonary function can be determined by a spirometer. This instrument measures _____.

A,C,D

Blood flow has the highest viscosity in the _____.

arteries

Secretions from the salivary glands _____.

b,c

Immunoglobulins that are the largest class and mainly responsible for resistance against viruses, bacteria, and bacterial toxins are _____.

b. IgG

Biconcave cells without a nucelus are called _____.

b. erythrocytes

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) that causes the disease known as AIDS selectively infects _____.

b. helper T cells

The most active phagocytic cells found in circulating blood are _____.

b. neutrophils and monocytes

The production of red blood cells (erythropoiesis) increases when _____.

b. oxygen levels in the blood decrease

What is an erythrocyte?

b. red blood cell

Lymphocytes are located in each of the following tissues or organs EXCEPT: ______.

brain

In a condition known as pleurisy, there is excess fluid in the pleural space. How would you expect this to affect the process of pulmonary ventilation?

breathing would be labored & difficult

The average life span of a red blood cell is _____.

c. 4 months

The most abundant proteins in blood plasma are _____.

c. albumins

Excessive immune response that can cross the placenta are _____.

c. allergies

The portion of the small intestine that is attached to the pylorus of the stomach is the _____.

c. duodenum

Red blood cell production is regulated by the hormone _____.

c. erythropoietin

A person who lives in a city at sea level and vacations in the Rocky Mountains would experience an increase in _____.

c. his/her red blood cell count

The middle portion of the small intestine is the _____.

c. jejunum

The thymus gland is positioned _____.

c. just behind the sternum

____ includes two bilateral groups of neurons: dorsal respiratory group and ventral respiratory group.

c. medullary respiratory center

Which of the following secrete antibodies?

c. plasma cells

Red blood cells are formed in _____.

c. red bone marrow

Blood vessels in the cardiovascular system are subdivided into the _____.

c. systemic and pulmonary circuits

The only blood vessels whose wall permit exchange between the blood and the surrounding interstitial fluids are the _____.

capillaries

Which vessels are the smallest?

capillaries

Salivary amylase functions to digest _____.

carbodhydrates

The most important chemical regulator of respiration is _____.

carbon dioxide

Cytotoxic T cells destroy their target cells by releasing substances that alter _____.

cell membranes

The root of a tooth is covered with _____.

cementum

Digestion refers to the _____.

chemical breakdown of food

The _____ are pointed teeth that are adapted for tearing and shredding.

cuspids

The largest collection of lymphoid tissue in the body is contained in the _____.

d. adult spleen

The lymph nodes of the axillary region receive lymph mainly from the _____.

d. arm and mammary glands

Immunity that results from antibodies that pass the placenta from mother to fetus is called _____.

d. passive natural

Compared with nonspecific defenses, specific defenses _____.

d. provide protection agains threats on an individual basis

The inflation reflex is activated by _____.

d. stretch receptors in the bronchioles and alveoli

Most of the lymph returns to the venous circulation by way of the _____.

d. thoracic duct

What is a decrease in the diameter of a vessel?

d. vasocontrriction

Blood is composed of _____.

e. all of these

Red bone marrow is located in _____.

e. all of these

An inflammatory response is triggered when _____.

e. mast cells release histamine, seratonin, and heparin

Thick-walled vessels with a large degree of distensibility are called _____ arteries.

elastic

A chronic, progressive condition characterized by a shortness of breath and destruction of alveolar surfaces and inadequate surface area for gaseous exchange is termed _____.

emphysema

B cells are primarily activated by the activities of _____.

helper T cells

Each of the following will result in increased blood flow to a tissue EXCEPT one. Find the exception.

increased vessel diameter

Chewing is called _____.

mastification

All of the various macrophages are derived from _____.

monocytes

The brachial artery would be classified as a(n) _____ artery.

muscular

Contraction of the _____ layer of the intestinal wall functions to change the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves food through its length.

muscularIS

Decompression sickness is a painful condition that resluts in _____ gas coming out of solution in the bloodstream.

nitrogen

Chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies are most sensitive to changes in blood _____.

oxygen concentratration

The structure that separates the nasal and oral cavities from each other is called the _____.

palate

The first line of cellular defense against pathogens is _____.

phagocytes

Lymph differs from plasma in that _____.

plasma contains more protein than lymph

The portion of the tooth containing blood vessels and nerves is the _____.

pulp

Which of the following is a major action of the large intestine?

reabsorb water

Each of the following organs is a component of the digestive tract EXCEPT one. Identify the exception:

spleen

Which of the following foods will spend the most time in the stomach?

steak

Which of the following is the top number in a blood pressure reading?

systolic

_____ are the large lymphatic nodules that are located in the walls of the pharynx.

tonsils

In this procedure, an incision is made through the anterior tracheal wall and a tube is inserted.

tracheostomy

The outermost layer of the arterial wall is the _____.

tunica externa

The muscular layer of blood vessels is the _____.

tunica media

Which of the following vessels holds the greatest volume of blood?

veins

Blood pressure in the systemic arteries is greatest during _____.

ventricular systole

The tendency for a fluid to resist flowing due to the internal friction of its molecules is called _____.

viscosity

Immunoglobins that can cross the placenta are the _____.

IgG

Immunological surveillance involves which of the following cells?

NK cells

The _____ gland empties in to the upper regions of the oral cavity.

PARATOID

The hematocrit range for males is _____.

a. 40-54

The formed elements of the blood include _____.

a. WBC's RBC's and platelets

_____ is a plasma protein that helps regulate the colloid osmotic pressure of blood.

a. albumin

A small branch of an artery that communicates with a capillary network is a(n) _____.

a. arteriole

An expanded chamber in the region of the ileum at the ileocecal valve is the _____.

a. cecum

Cholecystokinin from the intestinal wall is stimulated by the presence of _____.

a. fats and protein in the duodenum

In adults, erythropoiesis primarily takes place in _____.

a. red bone marrow

The movement of nutrients through the wall of the digestive tract is called _____.

absorption

Absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by _____.

all of these

Blood flow through the circulatory system is affected by _____.

all of these

Blood pressure increases with _____.

all of these

Functions of the stomach include _____.

all of these

In individuals afflicted with CF, which of the following can occur?

all of these

Lymph contains

all of these

The baroreceptor reflex causes _____.

all of these

The liver functions to _____.

all of these

Which of the following is an autoimmune disease?

all of these