Biology Membranes I

what happens when your body's ph gets outta whack?

alkalosis or acidosis, commonly from kidney or lung problems, diabetes

catabolic and anabolic reactions

break down and build up

human body made up of

64% water, 16% protein, 16% fat, 4% minerals, calc/phosp in bones, iron in blood, 1% carbs

the majority of global photosynthesis is done by

algae (planktonic)

first law of thermodynamics

amount of energy in the universe is always the same

Why are Omega 6 and Omega 3 essential fatty acids? what do they do?

because your body can't make them so they need to be ingested. they help form synapses in brain, and with inflammation during the healing process

building up sugar v breaking down sugar reaction types

building up or anabolic is endergonic, breaking down or catabolic is exergonic

transition state

contorted state necessary for chemical reactions, needs a little bit of energy to reach this state then quickly goes out of the state and undergoes the chemical reaction

what is required when you synthesize a larger molecule?

energy

free energy

energy available after entropy to do work

thermodynamics

energy transfer

what do fats store/do?

energy, but also fat soluble vitamins, and oil on your skin, and myelin insulation for nerves, also as basis for cholesterol which makes testosterone and estrogen, and phospholipids in every cell

Enthalpy vs Entropy

entropy is disorder, enthalpy is the sum total of energy

second law of thermodynamics

entropy, every reaction loses energy, decrease in energy is increase in entropy? I think?

metabolism describes

every single chemical reaction in your body

catabolic processes without oxygen are called

fermentation or anaerobic

what do carbs tend to be converted to?

glucose for immediate energy, or stored as glycogen for later or converted into glycerol and fatty acids to make triglyceride fats

cells store energy as

glucose, which they catabolize to atp as needed

energy required for chemical reactions comes from

heat energy

do cells feed more on fats or glucose?

neurons and red blood cells feed only on glucose, although some cells can feed on fat

endergonic reaction

not spontaneous, energy must be added for reaction to begin, thus the products have more energy than the reactants

How to read chemical equations

products on left side of arrow, reactants on right. the law of conservation of energy says you need to have an equal number of atoms before and after a reaction so the big whole number to the left of the chemicals (coefficients) are multiplied by the smaller numbers to have an equal number of atoms on each side

what are enzymes?

proteins, they basically control every reaction in your body

the higher required the energy the

slower the reaction, the less energy required the faster the reaction

activation energy

small amount necessary for all reactions to occur, including exergonic

exergonic reaction

spontaneous(occurs without adding energy)reaction which releases energy, has a negative G (reactants more energy than products)

Bioenergetics

the study of how energy flows through living organisms

enthalpy

total energy including entropy

essential nutrients

water, vitamins( help make use of other nutrients ex. vit k blood clotting, vit c absorb iron, vit bs help produce energy/atp), minerals(calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus help harden bones/teeth, sodium, potassium and chlorine help body maintain ph, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins

second law of thermodynamics

when energy is changed from one form to another, some useful energy is always degraded into lower quality energy (usually heat)