A&P Ch. 26 & 27

Which of the following will cause brief apnea?

-A sudden painful stimulus -A sudden cold stimulus applied to the skin

The total number of lobes in both lungs is:

5

Standard atmospheric pressure is:

760 mm Hg.

Which muscles are used for forced expiration?

Abdominal muscles and internal intercostals

Which of the following does not distribute air?

Alveolus

Which of the following lists the correct sequence of air as it passes through the nose into the pharynx?

Anterior nares, vestibule, inferior, middle, and superior meatus, posterior nares

repeated sequences of deep gasps and apnea

Biot breathing

Boyle law states that the volume of a gas varies:

Boyle law states that the volume of a gas varies:

Which is the most proximal part of the air distribution system that no longer contains cartilage?

Bronchioles

cycles of gradually increasing tidal volume for several breaths followed by several breaths with gradually decreasing tidal volume

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

Which of the following is not a regulated process associated with the functioning of the respiratory system?

Control of cell metabolism rate

Which of the following is a paired cartilage in the larynx?

Cuneiform

Which of the following does not occur before inspiration?

External intercostals relax.

Which of the following is true of expiration?

Intrapleural pressure is negative.

Which of the following is true of the cribriform plate?

It separates the nasal and cranial cavities.

The inspiratory center is located in what part of the nervous system?

Medulla

Which of the following constitutes total lung volume?

Residual volume and vital capacity

Why would a collapsed right lung, due to a pneumothorax, also collapse the left lung?

The mediastinum is a mobile rather than a rigid partition between the two pleural sacs, thereby allowing the increased pressure in the side of the chest that is open to push the heart and other mediastinal structures toward the intact side, where they can exert pressure on the left lung.

Anatomically, how does the right bronchus differ from the left bronchus, and what effect might this have on the aspiration of objects?

The right bronchus is slightly larger and more vertical than the left. This anatomical fact helps explain why aspirated foreign objects frequently lodge in the right bronchus.

Which explains the relationship between the gas pressure gradient of the atmosphere and the alveolar air that allows inhalation?

When atmospheric pressure is less than the pressure within the lung, air flows down this gas pressure gradient. Then air moves from the atmosphere into the lungs.

Which of the following is not a part of the nasal septum? a. Palatine process b. Vomer c. Perpendicular plate d. Cartilage

a. Palatine process

Which muscle is not used in quiet inspiration? a. Serratus anterior b. External intercostal muscles c. Diaphragm d. Neither A or B

a. Serratus anterior

common condition of the lower respiratory tract characterized by acute inflammation of the tracheobronchial tree

acute bronchitis

Paranasal sinuses are normally filled with:

air

The small openings in the cribriform plate function to:

allow branches of the olfactory nerve to enter the cranial cavity and reach the brain

Gas exchange, the lungs' main and vital function, takes place in the:

alveoli

primary gas exchange structures of the respiratory tract

alveoli

primary site of gas exchange in the lungs

alveolus

Alveolar ventilation is inspired air minus:

anatomical dead air space.

temporary cessation of breathing at the end of a normal expiration

apnea

cessation of breathing in the inspiratory position

apneusis

characterized by recurring spasms of the smooth muscles in the walls of the bronchial air passages

asthma

Which of the following is not a means of transporting oxygen in the blood? a. As oxyhemoglobin b. Combined with the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-) c. Dissolved in the plasma d. All of the above are used to transport oxygen in the blood.

b. Combined with the bicarbonate ion (HCO3-)

Which of the following is not a subdivision of the thoracic cavity? a. Left pleural division b. Medial pleural division c. Mediastinum d. Right pleural division

b. Medial pleural division

Which of the following is not lined with a ciliated mucous membrane? a. Posterior nares b. Vestibule c. Trachea d. Primary bronchi

b.Vestibule

system of airways composed of the trachea and two primary bronchi and their many branches

bronchial tree

small branch of a bronchus

bronchiole

The smallest branches of the bronchial tree are:

bronchioles.

includes excessive tracheobronchial secretions that obstruct airflow and enlargement of the bronchial mucus glands

bronchitis

conditions of progressive, irreversible obstruction of expiratory air flow, including bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma; risk factors include cigarette smoking

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Olfactory epithelium is found:

covering the superior turbinate.

Which of the following is not a true statement? a. Changes in thorax size bring about inspiration and expiration. b. When the diaphragm relaxes, it returns to a domelike shape. c. When the diaphragm contracts, it pulls the floor of the thoracic cavity downward. d. Raising the ribs decreases the depth and width of the thorax.

d. Raising the ribs decreases the depth and width of the thorax.

Excessive fluid in the pleural cavity would be most likely to cause:

decreased vital capacity.

displacement of the nasal septum from the midline of the nasal cavity

deviated septum

Air inhaled through the mouth would be:

dirtier than air inhaled through the nose.

labored or difficult breathing; often associated with hypoventilation

dyspnea

Labored or difficult breathing is known as:

dyspnea.

The tendency of the thorax and lungs to return to the pre-inspiration volume is called:

elastic recoil.

involves the enlargement of air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles caused by damage of lung connective tissue

emphysema

The small, leaf-shaped cartilage behind the tongue and hyoid bone is the:

epiglottis.

nosebleed

epistaxis

normal, quiet breathing

eupnea

When the pressure in the lung is greater than atmospheric pressure:

expiration occurs.

largest additional volume of air that can be expired after tidal volume

expiratory reserve volume

Each hemoglobin molecule can carry how many CARBON DIOXIDE molecules?

four

Each hemoglobin molecule can carry how many OXYGEN molecules?

four

The amount of air left in the lung after a normal expiration is called:

functional residual capacity

In the right lung, the superior and middle lobes are separated by the:

horizontal fissure.

increased breathing that is regulated to meet an increased demand by the body for oxygen

hyperpnea

an increase in pulmonary ventilation in excess of the need for oxygen

hyperventilation

decrease in pulmonary ventilation that results in elevated blood levels of carbon dioxide

hypoventilation

Cellular respiration occurs:

in the mitochondria.

the largest amount of air that can be inspired after tidal inspiration

inspiratory reserve volume

The vital capacity is equal to the sum of the:

inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume, and expiratory reserve volume.

voice box; located just below the pharynx

larynx

malignancy of pulmonary tissue to which cigarette smokers are predisposed

lung cancer

The largest of the paranasal sinuses is the:

maxillary

air that would be trapped inside a collapsed lung

minimal air

external openings into the nasal cavities or the nostrils

nares

dyspnea while lying down

orthopnea

one of four pairs of air sinuses of the skull opening into the nose

paranasal sinus

commonly referred to as a sore throat

pharyngitis

throat

pharynx

serous membrane in the thoracic cavity

pleura

common condition characterized by acute inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and bronchi become plugged with fibrin and neutrophil-containing exudates

pneumonia

The function of surfactant is to:

prevent each alveolus from collapsing as air moves in and out during respiration.

consists of the right and left bronchi, which branch off of the trachea

primary bronchi

The function of the vibrissae in the vestibule is to:

provide an initial "filter" to screen particulate matter from air that is entering the system.

The respiratory portion of the nasal passage is lined with a mucous membrane made up of:

pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

amount of air that cannot be forcibly expired and is trapped in the lung

residual volume

double layer of cells where gases are exchanged between alveolar air and blood

respiratory membrane

specialized ciliated mucous membrane that lines the respiratory tract down to the bronchioles

respiratory mucosa

disorder that involves reduced compliance of the lung leading to decreased lung inflation

restrictive pulmonary disorders

inflammation of the mucosa of the nasal cavity

rhinitis

tubes that supply each lobe of the lung

secondary bronchi

tubes that supply the respiratory bronchioles

tertiary bronchi

Internal respiration can be defined as:

the exchange of gases between the blood capillaries and the tissues cells.

The more common name for the pharynx is the:

throat.

The structure known as the "Adam's apple," located in the neck, is the:

thyroid cartilage.

typical volume of air moved into and out of the lungs during normal, quiet breathing

tidal volume

extends from the larynx in the neck to the primary bronchi; the windpipe

trachea

windpipe; extends from the larynx in the neck to the primary bronchi in the thorax

trachea

chronic, highly contagious infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

tuberculosis

bony projections that divide each nasal cavity into three passageways; nasal conchae

turbinates

volume of air equal to IRV + ERV + TV

vital capacity