A&P: Chapter 11 Practice Questions
What is a benefit of a vascular spasm at the onset of hemostasis? A) a reduction in blood loss B) an increase in peripheral blood flow C) the formation of collagen fibers D) an easier passage for neutrophils to the site of injury E) greater availability of calcium
A) a reduction in blood loss
Plasma proteins that are necessary for blood to maintain osmotic pressure are A) albumins B) fibrinogens C) globulins D) fibrin E) platelets
A) albumins
During the recycling of hemoglobin, what is the breakdown product of the globular proteins of each hemoglobin molecule? A) amino acids B) stercobilins C) bilirubin D) transferrin E) urobilins
A) amino acids
Erythropoietin is MOST LIKELY released under which of the following conditions? A) during anemia B) when the respiratory surfaces of the lungs are optimally enhanced C) when the carbon dioxide content of air in the lungs declines D) during erythrocytosis E) when blood flow to the thymus declines
A) during anemia
A hemoglobin molecule contains A) three protein chains, four heme groups, and two iron ions B) two protein chains, two heme groups, and four iron ions C) four protein chains, two heme groups, and two iron ions D) four protein chains, four heme groups, and four iron ions E) four protein chains, six heme groups, and two iron ions
D) four protein chains, four heme groups, and four iron ions
When foreign cells invade the body, one would MOST LIKELY expect to see increased numbers of A) erythrocytes B) eosinophils C) basophils D) lymphocytes E) thrombocytes
D) lymphocytes
A person's blood type is determined by the A) size and shape of red blood cells B) number of antibodies in the plasma C) chemical character of hemoglobin D) presence or absence of specific surface antigens on the plasma membrane E) type of oxygen- and carbon dioxide-binding sites on the hemoglobin molecules
D) presence or absence of specific surface antigens on the plasma membrane
Which is NOT a function of blood? A. storage B. Transportation C. temperature control D. defense
A. storage
Thrombocytopenia is defined as a deficiency of A) antibodies B) erythrocytes C) platelets D) eosinophils E) neutrophils
C) platelets
Why might women be more prone to suffering from iron-deficient anemia than men? A) women require about 50% more heme units per hemoglobin B) hemoglobin molecules break down more readily in women C) women have approximately half as many iron reserves D) the RBCs in women have a shorter lifespan E) women absorb less iron from their diet
C) women have approximately half as many iron reserves
______________is the characteristic of WBCs that allow them to enter surrounding tissue by squeezing between adjacent epithelial cells in the capillary wall A) hemotaxis B) positive chemotaxis C) hemolysis D) diapedesis E) amoeboid movement
D) diapedesis
Which condition results from abnormally high levels of bilirubin in the plasma of blood? A) hematuria B) hypoxia C) hemoglobinuria D) jaundice E) thalassemia
D) jaundice
Blood is approximately __________ percent plasma by volume A) 46-63 B) 37-54 C) 12-33 D) 25-39 E) 99.9
A) 46-63
The term _______ refers to the combination of plasma and the formed elements together. A) whole blood B) hematocrit C) thrombocyte D) hemopoiesis E) packed cell volume
A) whole blood
The plasma containing the type of erythrocyte shown here contains ____ type(s) of antibodies. (Surface Antigen A) A. the anti-B B. the anti-A C. both anti-A and anti-B D. neither anti-A nor anti-B
A. the anti-B
The extrinsic and intrinsic pathways join at the common pathway through the activation of which clotting substance produced by the liver? A) albumin B) fibrinogen C) factor X D) calcium E) vitamin K
C) factor X
Which organ synthesizes more than 90 percent of plasma proteins? A) kidney B) spleen C) liver D) bone marrow E) thymus
C) liver
As repairs proceed, a clot gradually dissolves. This process is called what? A. hemostasis B. clot retraction C. fibrinolysis D. instrinsic pathway
C. fibrinolysis
Which of the following pairs are mismatched? A. eosinophils: allergic reaction B. monoctyes: phagocytosis C. neutrophils: antibody production D. basophils: release histamine
C. neutrophils: antibody production
A drifting blood clot, air bubble, or fat globule is called A) thrombus B) plaque C) clotting factor D) embolus E) hemostatic element
D) embolus
How long do platelets circulate before being removed by phagocytes? A) 9-12 days B) 6-18 hours C) 2-3 days D) 4-8 weeks E) 1-2 months
A) 9-12 days
The function of hemoglobin is to A) bind and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide B) protect the body against pathogens C) aid in the process of blood clotting D) carry nutrients from the intestine to the body's cells E) absorb and neutralize the acids generated by active tissues
A) bind and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
_________________ are the MOST ABUNDANT cell population of the formed elements of blood A) erythrocytes B) platelets C) neutrophils D) lymphocytes E) monocytes
A) erythrocytes
Red blood cells result from the divisions of cells called A) hemocytoblasts B) lymphoblasts C) monoblasts D) myeloblasts E) progenitor cells
A) hemocytoblasts
Formed elements that are nucleated and capable of amoeboid movement are A) leukocytes B) chondrocytes C) thrombocytes D) erythrocytes E) melanocytes
A) leukocytes
Which of the following are the MOST ACTIVE type of leukocytes, phagocytically, and are usually the first to arrive at an injury site? A) neutrophils B) eosinophils C) basophils D) lymphocytes E) erythrocytes
A) neutrophils
During red blood cell development, what is the term given to the first enucleate cell? A) reticulocyte B) erythrocyte C) myeloid stem cell D) hemocytoblast E) proerythroblast
A) reticulocyte
Which disease is characterized by defective hemoglobin that results from a mutation affecting the amino acid sequence of one pair of the globular proteins of the hemoglobin molecule resulting in stiff, markedly curved red blood cells? A) sickle cell anemia B) thalassemia C) hematuria D) jaundice E) aplastic anemia
A) sickle cell anemia
Calcium ions and ___________ have an effect on nearly every aspect of the clotting process A) vitamin K B) vitamin A C) vitamin D D) vitamin E E) thiamin
A) vitamin K
A person with type B blood will have antigens on the surface of RBC and antibodies in plasma. A. B, anti-A B. B, anti-B C. A, anti-A D. A, anti-B
A. B, anti-A
Which ABO blood type has neither A, B, nor Rh antigens? A. O negative B. AB negative C. O postive D. AB positive
A. O negative
The three types of formed elements found in the blood are______? A. platelets, RBC, and WBC B. hemoglobin, RBC, and platelets C. Lymphocytes, neutrophils, and basophils D. platelets, hemoglobin, and lymphocytes
A. Platelets, RBC, and WBC
Recall that blood is a fluid connective tissue (as you saw in Chapter 4: The Tissue Level of Organization). Like all connective tissues, blood has three components: (1) specialized cells, (2) extracellular protein fibers, and (3) a ground substance. The extracellular fibers and ground substance form the matrix that surrounds the cells. In blood, the ground substance is a fluid. The watery matrix is called plasma. The plasma proteins are dissolved and usually do NOT form insoluble fibers. Which one of the specialized cells found in blood functions to transport oxygen? A. RBC B.Platelets C.WBC D. Lymphocytes
A. RBC (Red Blood Cells)
Which statement regarding red blood cells is true? A. red blood cells are not capable of mitosis B. red blood cells have a short life span of about 10 hours C. An anemia individual would have high hemoglobin content D. Hemoglobin cannot be recycled
A. red blood cells are not capable of mitosis
Platelets A) are phagocytic B) are a major component of the vascular clotting system C) are a component of the unformed elements of blood D) are lymphocytes E) have multi-lobed nuclei
B) are a major component of the vascular clotting system
Which of the following begins with the activation of plasminogen? A) thrombosis B) fibrinolysis C) agglutination D) intrinsic pathway E) extrinsic pathway
B) fibrinolysis
When large numbers of RBCs break down in the circulation, the urine can turn reddish or brown in a condition called A) sickle cell anemia B) hemoglobinuria C) pernicious anemia D) leucopenia E) septicemia
B) hemoglobinuria
For erythropoiesis to proceed normally, protein synthesis requires adequate supplies of factors, such as vitamin B12, which is absorbed from the diet in the presence of which of the following? A) thyroxine B) intrinsic factor C) factor X D) platelet factor E) EPO
B) intrinsic factor
Excess transferrins are removed in the _____________, where the iron extracted from heme molecules is stored in special protein-iron complexes A) liver and thymus B) liver and spleen C) thymus and bone marrow D) spleen and bone marrow E) thymus and spleen
B) liver and spleen
The MOST ABUNDANT type of WBC in a normal blood sample is the A) basophil B) neutrophil C) lymphocyte D) eosinophil E) monocyte
B) neutrophil
EPO is released when A) oxygen levels in the blood increase B) oxygen levels in the blood decrease C) carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase D) carbon dioxide levels in the blood decrease E) protein levels in the blood increase
B) oxygen levels in the blood decrease
In blood smear preparations, blood is collected from which type of vessel? A) veins B) peripheral capillaries C) arteries D) lymphatic ducts E) venules
B) peripheral capillaries
The intrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by A) the sticking of platelets to damaged tissue B) the activation of proenzymes exposed to collagen C) the release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium D) the release of heparin from the liver E) the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
B) the activation of proenzymes exposed to collagen
A blood clot attached to the wall of a vessel is called a(n) A) embolus B) thrombus C) plaque D) coagulant E) platelet plug
B) thrombus
insufficient amounts of vitamin B12 in the diet would result in______? A. thrombocytosis B. anemia C. leukemia D. no effect; vitamin B12 can be synthesized by the body
B. anemia
The formation of red blood cells is called______ A. erythropenia B. erythropoiesis C. erythrocytosis D. erythropoietin
B. erythropoiesis
Neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils are all _________? A. erythrocytes B. granulocytes C. agranulocytes D. thrombocytes
B. granulocytes
Which of the following initiate the clotting process and help close injured vessels? A. fibrin B. platelets C. megakaryocytes D. lymphocytes
B. platelets
During blood transfusions, which of the following blood types would never cause an agglutination reaction when introduced into an individual with type A+ blood? A. type AB- B. type O- C. type B- D. type AB+
B. type O-
A normal WBC count is about ___________ cells per microliter A) 1500-4000 B) 1800-7300 C) 5000-10000 D) 150000-500000 E) 4.4 million-6 million
C) 5000-10000
__________________ directly stimulates red blood cell production A) intrinsic factor B) thyroxine C) EPO D) Vitamin B12 E) GH
C) EPO
_______________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of RBCs is reduced A) erythropoiesis B) lymphopoiesis C) anemia D) leukopenia E) leukemia
C) anemia
The least numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the A) neutrophils B) eosinophils C) basophils D) lymphocytes E) monocytes
C) basophils
Which cell population of WBCs migrate to sites of injury and cross the capillary wall to accumulate within damaged tissues, where they discharge their granules into the interstitial fluids? A) monocytes B) eosinophils C) basophils D) lympthocytes E) neutrophils
C) basophils
During their formation, RBCs A) flatten B) multiply their mitochondria C) eject their nucleus D) are saturated with oxygen E) recycle hemoglobin into iron and pigment molecules
C) eject their nucleus
The percentage of whole blood volume occupied by formed elements is called A) normovolemic B) reticulocyte count C) hematocrit D) hemoglobin concentration E) differential count
C) hematocrit
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of stages in RBC maturation? A) stem cell, erythroblast, pro erythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC B) hemocytoblast, myeloblast, reticulocyte, megakaryocyte, RBC C) myeloid stem cell, pro erythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC D) monoblast, promonocyte, myelocyte, band cell, RBC E) lymphoblast, pro erythroblast, reticulocyte, band cell, RBC
C) myeloid stem cell, pro erythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC
The extrinsic pathway of coagulation is activated by A) the sticking of platelets to damaged tissue B) the activation of proenzymes exposed to collagen C) the release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium D) the release of heparin from the liver E) the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
C) the release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium
Fresh whole blood is usually collected through a procedure called A) acupuncture B) transfusion C) venipuncture D) arterial puncture E) hematocrit
C) venipuncture
Leukopenia is to leukocytes as anemia is to ______? A. thrombocytes B. eosinophils C. erythrocytes D. platelets
C. erythrocytes
Neutrophils A) are agranulocytes B) are not phagocytic C) have multiple nuclei D) are active in fighting bacterial infection E) are responsible for specific defenses
D) are active in fighting bacterial infection
Agglutinins A) are surface antigens on RBCs B) prevent blood clotting C) are substances that can trigger a protective defense mechanism called an immune response D) are antibodies that will attack surface antigens on RBCs of a different blood type E) contain abundant stained "granules"
D) are antibodies that will attack surface antigens on RBCs of a different blood type
Formation of red blood cells is called A) thrombopoiesis B) leukocytosis C) leukopoiesis D) erythropoiesis E) erythrocytosis
D) erythropoiesis
Plasma and interstitial fluid account for MOST of the volume of __________ in the body. A) serum B) lymphatic fluid C) whole blood D) extracellular fluid E) packed blood
D) extracellular fluid
As blood flows through peripheral tissues, what occurs regarding the hemoglobin molecules of RBCs? A) hemoglobin binds oxygen and releases its bound carbon dioxide B) hemoglobin releases carbon dioxide and oxygen C) hemoglobin binds oxygen and carbon dioxide D) hemoglobin binds carbon dioxide and releases its bound oxygen E) hemoglobin gains an increase in its oxygen-carrying capacity
D) hemoglobin binds carbon dioxide and releases its bound oxygen
The inherited condition resulting from the inadequate production of clotting factors is termed A) anemia B) thalassemia C) jaundice D) hemophilia E) leukopenia
D) hemophilia
What is the chief difference between plasma and serum? A) amount of water B) quantity of electrolytes C) quantity of organic wastes D) presence/absence of clotting proteins E) concentration of glucose
D) presence/absence of clotting proteins
The white blood cells that are important in leaving the blood vessels and phagocytizing large materials, releasing chemicals that draw fibroblasts to the injured areas, are A) neutrophils B) eosinophils C) basophils D) lymphocytes E) monocytes
E) monocytes
______________________ are large phagocytic WBCs that remain in circulation for only about 24 hours before entering peripheral tissues to become tissue macrophages A) neutrophils B) eosinophils C) basophils D) lymphocytes E) monocytes
E) monocytes
Pus associated with infected wounds contains which type of white blood cell? A) basophils B) lymphocytes C) eosinophils D) monocytes E) neutrophils
E) neutrophils
As repairs proceed, a blood clot gradually dissolves in a process that begins with the activation of A) factor X B) thrombin C) fibrinogen D) prothrombin E) plasminogen
E) plasminogen
The common pathway of coagulation end with A) the sticking of platelets to damaged tissue B) the activation of a proenzyme exposed to collagen C) the release of tissue factor by damaged endothelium D) the activation of a clotting factor that converts prothrombin to thrombin E) the activation of a clotting factor that converts fibrinogen to fibrin
E) the activation of a clotting factor that converts fibrinogen to fibrin
Following a major car accident the patient is brought to the hospital after losing 3 liters of blood. To save the patient's life, the ER medical staff should transfuse what blood type? A. O- B. O+ C. AB+ D. AB-
A. O-
The average life span of a red blood cell is about A) 1 week B) 1 month C) 4 months D) 6 months E) 1 year
C) 4 months
In adults, the stem cells responsible for the production of red and white blood cells originate primarily in the A) liver B) thymus C) spleen D) red bone marrow E) yellow bone marrow
D) red bone marrow
Agglutinogens of the various blood types are examples of A) surface antibodies B) channel proteins C) leukocytes D) surface antigens E) agranulocytes
D) surface antigens
Which of the following is an agranulocyte? A) erythrocyte B) basophil C) neutrophil D) eosinophil E) monocyte
E) monocyte
The following is a list of the steps involved in the process of hemostasis and clot removal: 1. coagulation phase 2. fibrinolysis 3. vascular phase 4. retraction 5. platelet phase The CORRECT sequence of these steps is A) 5, 1, 4, 2, 3 B) 3, 5, 1, 4, 2 C) 2, 3, 5, 1, 4 D) 3, 4, 5, 2, 1 E) 4, 3, 5, 2, 1
B) 3, 5, 1, 4, 2
Type AB blood contains A) A agglutinins on the red blood cells B) agglutinogen A and agglutinogen B C) B agglutinogens on the red blood cells D) B agglutinins in the plasma E) agglutinin A and B
B) agglutinogen A and agglutinogen B
Platelets are A) giant, multinucleated cells. B) cellular fragments C) immature leukocytes. D) fixed macrophages E) surface antigens
B) cellular fragments
A toxin that blocks the stomach's ability to release intrinsic factor would MOST LIKELY cause A) hemophilia B) an embolism C) leukopenia D) iron deficiency anemia E) pernicious anemia
E) pernicious anemia
During fibrinolysis, which enzyme begins digesting the fibrin strands, breaking down the clot? A) factor X B) clotting factor VII C) thrombin D) fibrinogen E) plasmin
E) plasmin
The process of blood clotting is an example of which function of blood? A) stabilizing body temperature B) transporting dissolved gases, nutrients, hormones, and metabolic wastes C) defending against toxins and pathogens D) regulating the pH and ion composition of interstitial fluids E) restricting fluid losses at injury sites
E) restricting fluid losses at injury sites
Genes from both parents determine the surface antigens on a person's RBCs. For this reason, a child's blood type can differ from that of either parent. During pregnancy, when fetal and maternal circulatory systems are closely intertwined, the mother's antibodies may cross the placenta, attacking and destroying fetal RBCs. The resulting condition is called hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN). Some forms are quite dangerous and others so mild as to remain undetected. The sensitization that causes HDN usually takes place during delivery. Bleeding at the placenta and uterus exposes an Rh-negative mother to an Rh-positive fetus's Rh antigens. This event can trigger the production of anti-Rh antibodies in the mother. The first Rh-positive infant is not affected because these antibodies are not produced in large amounts until after delivery. However, a sensitized Rh-negative mother will produce massive amounts of anti-Rh antibodies in response to a second Rh-positive fetus. These antibodies attack fetal RBCs, producing a dangerous anemia. In addition to Rh, what are the other main surface antigens on red blood cells that determine blood type? A. D only B. D and C C. O only D. A and B
D. A and B
What is the primary function of the cells shown here? (RBC) A. blood clotting B. fight infection C. maintain osmotic pressure D. carry gases
D. Carry gases
Recall that phagocytosis is a process in which solid, extracellular materials are packaged into a vesicle for transport into a cell (as you saw in Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function). Phagocytosis is also called "cell eating." Large particles are brought into the cell as cytoplasmic extensions (pseudopodia) surround and engulf the particle and move it into the cell. Phagocytes are cells that perform phagocytosis. They engulf substances such as bacteria, viruses, cellular debris, and other foreign material. Phagocytosis is a form of what kind of vesicular transport? A. exocytosis B. diffusion C. pinocytosis D. Endocytosis
D. Endocytosis
Which of the following is false? A.Blood helps protect the body against infection B.blood contains cells, enzymes, hormones, and antibodies. C. blood regulates the pH of the body's interstitial fluid D. Blood is a specialized epithelial tissue
D. blood is a specialized epithelial tissue
Which leukocytes wold you expect to increase in response to parasitic infection? A. basophils B. neutrophils C. monocytes D. eosinophils
D. eosinophils
The mechanism in the body which stops bleeding and prevents blood loss is known as________? A. thrombocytosis B. leukopenia C. hypoxia C. hemostasis
D. hemostasis
What is the primary function of this leukocyte? (Neutrophil) A. secrete antibodies B. release histamine C. fight allergens D. phagocytize bacteria
D. phagocytize bacteria
Which of the following statements is true regarding the blood of an individual with type AB? A. type AB is known as the universal donor B. people with type AB blood can only receive type AB C. type AB blood does not contain A or B antigens D. type AB blood does not contain anti-A or anti-B antibodies
D. type AB blood does not contain anti-A or anti-B antibodies
Bill wants to determine his blood type, so he takes a few drops of blood from a puncture wound in his finger and mixes it with various antisera. His blood cells agglutinate when mixed when the anti-A serum and anti-Rh serum, but not with the anti-B serum. This means A) Bill could receive type B blood in a transfusion B) Bill could donate blood to an individual with type AB blood C) Bill is Rh-negative D) Bill's plasma would cross-react with type O negative red blood cells E) Bill's plasma contains anti-B antibodies
E) Bill's plasma contains anti-B antibodies
In the process of hemoglobin recycling, each heme molecule is stripped of its iron and converted to which pigmented organic compound? A) urobilin B) bilirubin C) stercobilin D) transferrin E) biliverdin
E) biliverdin
The primary function of white blood cells is to A) remove carbon dioxide from active cells B) clump together and stick to the blood vessel walls C) carry oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells D) carry nutrients from the digestive system to the body's cells E) help defend the body against pathogens
E) help defend the body against pathogens
A sample of tissue from an injury shows a large number of eosinophils. This would indicate that the tissue was A) abscessed B) inflamed C) being rejected D) infected by viruses E) infected by parasites
E) infected by parasites
Without mitochondria, RBCs are relatively inefficient in terms of energy production. However, there is an advantage to RBC function. What is this advantage? A) it ensures that its iron component will interact with the plasma protein transferrin B) It stimulates the conversion of yellow bone marrow to red bone marrow C) it stimulates the absorption of vitamin B12 D) it ensures that its iron component is converted to bilirubin E) it ensures that any oxygen the RBCs absorb will be delivered to peripheral tissues
E) it ensures that any oxygen the RBCs absorb will be delivered to peripheral tissues