A&P Chapter 5

B. simple squamous

A _____________ epithelium consists of a single layer of flattened cells attached directly to a basement membrane. A. simple columnar B. simple squamous C. simple cuboidal D. stratified squamous E. stratified cuboidal

PROTEOGLYCAN

A large molecule made up of a glycosaminoglycan linked to a protein is known as a __________.

C. a skeletal muscle cell.

A skeletal muscle fiber is: A. an elongated series of muscles held together by dense connective tissue. B. a collection of several muscles bound together by a membrane. C. a skeletal muscle cell. D. found only in cardiac muscle. E. a contractile filament within the osteon of bone.

D. Mesoderm

All connective tissue is formed from which embryonic germ layer? A. Endoderm B. Ectoderm C. Mucoderm D. Mesoderm E. Epiderm

E. cells, protein fibers, and ground substance.

All connective tissues have three features in common. They are: A. cells, protein fibers, and mucus. B. cells, hormones, and protein fibers. C. protein fibers, a liquid portion, and ground substance. D. cells, a liquid portion, and protein fibers. E. cells, protein fibers, and ground substance.

TRUE

All muscle tissue develops from mesoderm. TRUE OR FALSE

E. a duct and a secretory portion.

An exocrine gland has two parts: A. a duct and a basement membrane. B. a basement membrane and a goblet cell. C. a brush border and a glandular portion. D. an acinus and a brush border. E. a duct and a secretory portion.

FALSE

An organ is made up of only one tissue type; for example, the heart is made of cardiac muscle. TRUE OR FALSE

A. transmit signals away from the cell body.

Axons: A. transmit signals away from the cell body. B. transmit signals toward the cell body. C. manufacture proteins to be used by the neuron. D. use hormones to transmit information. E. None of the choices is correct.

FALSE

Cardiac muscle is also known as visceral muscle. TRUE OR FALSE

ACINI

Clusters of cells that make up the secretory portion of an exocrine gland are known as __________.

C. relative proportions of cells, fibers, and ground substance present.

Connective tissue proper is divided into two broad categories: loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue. This classification is based upon the: A. location of the tissue. B. size of the cells present. C. relative proportions of cells, fibers, and ground substance present. D. number of different cells types and their respective arrangement. E. origin of the tissue type.

B. transmit signals toward the cell body.

Dendrites: A. transmit signals away from the cell body. B. transmit signals toward the cell body. C. manufacture proteins to be used by the neuron. D. use hormones to transmit information. E. release neurotransmitter.

D. lack ducts and secrete their products into the bloodstream or into interstitial fluid.

Endocrine glands A. possess short ducts and secrete their products directly onto the skin surface. B. lack ducts and secrete their products onto the skin surface. C. possess ducts to secrete their products into the bloodstream or into interstitial fluid. D. lack ducts and secrete their products into the bloodstream or into interstitial fluid. E. secrete mucus directly into a body cavity.

B. hormones.

Endocrine glands secrete: A. sweat. B. hormones. C. saliva. D. digestive enzymes. E. All of the choices are correct.

TRUE

Epithelial tissue tends to be richly innervated and highly regenerative. TRUE OR FALSE

C. polarity

Epithelial tissues have an attached (basal) border and a free (apical) border. This arrangement is known as: A. bilateral symmetry. B. distal orientation. C. polarity. D. proximal orientation. E. lateral flexibility.

FALSE

Exocrine glands secrete hormones into the blood. TRUE OR FALSE

A. adherent glycoprotein.

Fibronectin is an example of a(n): A. adherent glycoprotein. B. glycosaminoglycan. C. proteoglycan.

FIBROBLASTS

Flat cells with tapered ends that are the most abundant resident cells in connective tissue proper are known as ___________.

FALSE

Glial cells transmit impulses. TRUE OR FALSE

TRUE

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are polysaccharides. TRUE OR FALSE

D. tissues

Groups of similar cells and extracellular products that carry out a common function are called: A. organs. B. organ systems. C. matrices. D. tissues.

TRUE

Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue. TRUE OR FALSE

A. Merocrine glands

If a person were unable to form saliva, what type of gland could be missing or malfunctioning? A. Merocrine glands B. Holocrine glands C. Apocrine glands

C. keratinized stratified squamous epithelium

If you gently rub your thumb and forefinger together, each finger is contacting: A. simple squamous epithelium. B. keratinized simple squamous epithelium. C. keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. D. nonkeratinized simple squamous epithelium. E. nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium.

C. Ruptured cells from sebaceous glands

If you were to rub your finger over the surface of your face you would notice that the skin was oily. What makes up the oil? A. Waste material from cellular metabolism B. Waste material (bilirubin) from dead red blood cells C. Ruptured cells from sebaceous glands D. Extracellular fluid not drained by the lymphatic system E. Plasma leakage from damaged blood vessels

B. protein fibers and ground substance

In connective tissue, the extracellular matrix consists of: A. cells and ground substance. B. protein fibers and ground substance. C. cells and protein fibers. D. ground substance and intracellular fluid. E. ground substance only.

FALSE

In nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelial tissue, the cells in the superficial layers are dead. TRUE OR FALSE

PERMEABILITY

In serving their roles as gatekeepers, epithelial tissues demonstrate selective __________.

D. Epithelial tissue

In what tissue would you expect to find very little if any extracellular matrix? A. Muscle tissue B. Nervous tissue C. Immune tissue D. Epithelial tissue E. Connective tissue

DESMOSOMES

Intercalated discs are made up of gap junctions and __________.

TRUE

Many connective tissues play a role in immune protection. TRUE OR FALSE

FALSE

Mesenchyme is found only in the umbilical cord. TRUE OR FALSE

B. microvilli

Microscopic folds that extend from the apical surface of certain epithelia to increase the surface area for absorption and secretion are called: A. cilia. B. microvilli. C. flagella. D. mucus. E. desmosomes.

C. the umbilical cord.

Mucous connective tissue is found only in: A. the cartilage of the nose. B. certain bones of the skull. C. the umbilical cord. D. serous fluid. E. fibers of the respiratory system.

A. a liquid ground substance containing dissolved proteins.

Plasma is: A. a liquid ground substance containing dissolved proteins. B. a dissolved ground matrix and a lining of epithelial cells. C. a liquefied ground substance that includes several dissolved cells. D. platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells. E. platelets and a watery ground substance.

A. portions of the respiratory system

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium is found lining: A. portions of the respiratory system. B. the larger blood vessels. C. the oviduct. D. large kidney tubules. E. ducts of sweat glands.

C. atrophy.

Shrinkage of tissue by a decrease in either cell number or cell size is termed: A. hypertrophy. B. neoplasia. C. atrophy. D. metaplasia. E. fibrosis.

D. producing blood cells.

Some bone interiors contain hemopoietic tissue, which functions in: A. storing fat. B. producing hormones. C. making connective tissue fibers. D. producing blood cells. E. breaking down toxins.

TRUE

Some neurons are longer than 1 meter. TRUE OR FALSE

A. Your skin would become excessively dry for lack of oil from sebaceous glands.

Suppose that you had a congenital condition that prevented your body from forming holocrine glands. If that were the case, which statement would be most accurate? A. Your skin would become excessively dry for lack of oil from sebaceous glands. B. You would be unable to digest your food. C. Your bones would be like rubber. D. Your nerves could not transmit signals. E. You would have difficulty breathing.

D. Fibrocartilage

Suppose that you were involved in an automobile accident and suffered a back injury. When examined by your physician you are told that you have a slipped disc in the lower back. What type of tissue is involved? A. Adipose tissue B. Bone C. Elastic cartilage D. Fibrocartilage E. Dense regular connective tissue

A. squamous

Synovial membranes are composed of areolar connective tissue covered with _________ epithelial cells. A. squamous B. cuboidal C. columnar D. pseudostratified

ECTODERM

The ____________ is the primary germ layer from which the brain and the rest of the nervous system develops.

B. endoderm.

The epithelial linings of the respiratory and digestive systems develop from the: A. ectoderm. B. endoderm. C. mesoderm. D. lumenoderm.

D. metaplasia.

The general name given to the phenomenon that occurs when a mature epithelium changes to a different form is: A. mesothelia. B. hyperplasia. C. hypertrophy. D. metaplasia. E. neoplasia

B. visceral

The heart is confined within a double-walled serous membrane sac. The part of the membrane that is in contact with the heart is the _____ layer. A. serous B. visceral C. parietal D. synovial E. mesothelial

B. latticework structure of spongy bone.

The internal feature of bone that makes it simultaneously strong and lightweight is the: A. presence of cartilage. B. latticework structure of spongy bone. C. pattern of osteons. D. areolar connective tissue in the central cavity. E. arrangement of collagenous fibers.

B. cutaneous

The largest of the body membranes, commonly called the skin, is the _______ membrane. A. serous B. cutaneous C. mucous D. cartilaginous E. synovial

A. Simple squamous

The lining of the air sacs in the lungs (alveoli) is comprised of what epithelium? A. Simple squamous B. Simple columnar C. Simple cuboidal D. Stratified squamous E. Transitional

B. hyaline cartilage.

The most common type of cartilage, named for its glassy appearance, is: A. fibrocartilage. B. hyaline cartilage. C. elastic cartilage. D. reticular cartilage. E. areolar cartilage.

C. cell body.

The nucleus of a neuron is found in its: A. glioma. B. axon. C. cell body. D. dendrite

B. secretion of substances for chemical digestion.

The primary role of epithelial tissue in the stomach is: A. housing blood vessels and nerves. B. secretion of substances for chemical digestion. C. mixing and propulsion of foodstuffs. D. regulation of contraction.

NECROSIS

The term used to describe tissue death is _________.

PSEUDOSTRATIFIED

The tissue in which all cells contact the basement membrane, even though some appear (at first glance) to be stacked on top of others is called ___________ columnar epithelium.

E. neurons and glial cells.

The two types of cells that make up the nervous system are: A. macrophages and mast cells. B. neurons and chondrocytes. C. mast cells and fibrocytes. D. neurons and mast cells. E. neurons and glial cells.

D. transitional

The type of epithelium that lines the urinary bladder and may include some binucleated cells is called ____________ epithelium. A. stratified squamous nonkeratinized B. stratified squamous keratinized C. pseudostratified D. transitional E. simple squamous

D. holocrine

The type of exocrine gland in which the entire cell disintegrates, liberating any accumulated products, is the __________ gland. A. apocrine B. merocrine C. goblet cell D. holocrine E. None of the choices is correct

D. synovial

The type of membrane that lines many of the body's joints is a _________ membrane. A. serous B. mucous C. cutaneous D. synovial E. metastatic

C. mucous.

The type of membrane that prevents desiccation, provides lubrication, and traps bacteria and foreign particles is: A. serous. B. cutaneous. C. mucous. D. cartilaginous. E. synovial.

A. skeletal

The type of muscle that has elongated, multinucleated cells and is under voluntary control is __________ muscle. A. skeletal B. cardiac C. smooth

C. smooth

The type of muscle that is found in blood vessel walls is __________ muscle. A. skeletal B. cardiac C. smooth

SMOOTH OR VISCERAL OR INVOLUNTARY

The type of tissue that helps mechanically mix materials within the digestive system organs is ________ muscle.

A. simple cuboidal

The walls of kidney tubules are formed by _____________ epithelium, which functions in resorbing materials filtered from blood plasma such as nutrients, ions, and water. A. simple cuboidal B. simple squamous C. stratified cuboidal D. stratified squamous E. stratified columnar

D. Cartilaginous

There are four types of body membranes. Select the exception. A. Serous B. Cutaneous C. Mucous D. Cartilaginous E. Synovial

A. The elastic fibers present in the ear's cartilage

What feature of your ear accounts for its ability to regain its shape after it has been deformed or compressed? A. The elastic fibers present in the ear's cartilage B. The elastic fibers present in the ear's muscles C. The ear has a built-in memory based upon its overall size and shape D. There is an abundance of reticular fibers forming a dense meshwork E. The ear's skin is filled with elastic fibers that contract after being stretched

E. Collagen

What is the most abundant protein in the body, forming about 25% of all body protein? A. Myosin B. Elastin C. Actin D. Fibrogen E. Collagen

D. Basement membrane

What specialized feature of an epithelium consists of a reticular lamina, a lamina densa, and a lamina lucida? A. Microfilament B. Desmosome C. Fenestrated membrane D. Basement membrane E. Plasma membrane

A. Simple squamous

What type of epithelium would be most suited for high levels of diffusion and filtration? A. Simple squamous B. Stratified squamous C. Pseudostratified D. Transitional E. Stratified columnar

B. Cardiac

What type of muscle contains intercalated discs? A. Skeletal B. Cardiac C. Smooth

C. Osteon

What unit of bone consists of a central canal (containing blood vessels, nerves, and lymph vessels) surrounded by concentric rings of calcified matrix? A. Canaliculus B. Lamella C. Osteon D. Osteocyte E. Trabeculum

B. neoplasia.

When hyperplasia proceeds out of control, a tumor may develop. This condition is termed: A. hypertrophy. B. neoplasia. C. atrophy. D. metaplasia. E. fibrosis.

C. mucus.

When mucin mixes with water it becomes: A. fatty tissue. B. solid. C. mucus. D. bone. E. muscle.

E. Covering cartilage

Where in the body would you expect to find a perichondrium? A. Covering bones B. Lining kidney tubules C. Covering the heart D. Inside of the brain E. Covering cartilage

D. In the nervous system

Where in the body would you find a glial cell? A. In the stomach B. In the cardiovascular system C. In the immune system D. In the nervous system E. In the skeletal system

C. Mast cell

Which cell type, found in connective tissue proper and close to blood vessels, secretes heparin and histamine? A. Plasma cell B. Adipocyte C. Mast cell D. Fibroblast E. Mesenchymal cell

A. Macrophage

Which cell type, found in connective tissue proper, is formed from monocytes and serves to phagocytize damaged cells or pathogens? A. Macrophage B. Plasma cell C. Mast cell D. Mesenchymal cell E. Adipocytes

C. Plasma cells

Which connective tissue cells become activated and produce antibodies when exposed to foreign materials? A. Mast cells B. Fibroblasts C. Plasma cells D. Mesenchymal cells E. Fixed macrophages

E. Lacuna

Which feature is found in both cartilage and bone? A. Chondrocyte B. Osteocyte C. Perichondrium D. Central canal E. Lacuna

E. Large amount of extracellular matrix

Which feature is not characteristic of epithelial tissue? A. Polarity B. Cells connected to each other by intercellular junctions C. High regeneration capacity D. Attachment to a basement membrane E. Large amount of extracellular matrix

A. Epithelial tissue

Which is avascular (lacks blood vessels)? A. Epithelial tissue B. Muscle tissue C. Nervous tissue D. Connective tissue E. All of the choices are correct

A. Mesenchyme

Which is the first type of connective tissue to form in the embryo and the source of all other adult connective tissues? A. Mesenchyme B. Mucous C. Adipose D. Areolar E. Umbilical

A. Zygote, blastocyst, embryo

Which list is in correct developmental order? A. Zygote, blastocyst, embryo B. Blastocyst, embryo, zygote C. Zygote, embryo, blastocyst D. Blastocyst, zygote, embryo

E. No exceptions; these are all functions of epithelial tissue

Which of the following is not a function of epithelial tissue? A. Secretion B. Physical protection C. Selective permeability D. Sensation E. No exceptions; these are all functions of epithelial tissue

E. Small intestine

Which of the following is not lined by nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium? A. Oral cavity B. Pharynx C. Vagina D. Esophagus E. Small intestine

C. DNA

Which of the following is not secreted by glands? A. Mucin B. Hormones C. DNA D. Enzymes E. Waste products

A. Connective

Which of the primary tissue types is most widely distributed throughout the body? A. Connective B. Muscle C. Nervous D. Epithelium

B. Connective tissue

Which primary tissue type would be located in blood, body fat, ligaments and tendons, dermis of the skin, and in the cartilage of some joints? A. Epithelial tissue B. Connective tissue C. Nervous tissue D. Muscle tissue E. None of the choices is correct

C. Epithelial

Which tissue type covers body surfaces and lines the inside of organs and body cavities? A. Muscle B. Connective C. Epithelial D. Nervous E. None of the choices is correct

E. Areolar

Which type of connective tissue is found in the papillary layer of the dermis and contains all of the cell types of connective tissue proper? A. Adipose B. Reticular C. Dense irregular D. Dense regular E. Areolar

C. Dense irregular

Which type of connective tissue predominates in the deep portion of the dermis, where it lends strength to the skin? A. Adipose B. Dense regular C. Dense irregular D. Cartilage E. Areolar

B. Reticular fibers

Which type of connective tissue protein fiber forms a meshlike framework that provides structural support within many organs (within the spleen, for example)? A. Collagen fibers B. Reticular fibers C. Elastic fibers D. Mucoid fibers E. Cartilaginous fibers

E. Simple squamous

Which type of epithelial tissue would be the least protective? A. Stratified keratinized B. Stratified nonkeratinized C. Simple columnar D. Transitional E. Simple squamous

E. Stratified columnar

Which type of epithelium is composed of multiple layers, including an apical layer containing tall, slender cells? A. Simple squamous B. Simple columnar C. Pseudostratified squamous D. Stratified squamous E. Stratified columnar

B. become brittle.

With age, bones: A. become more flexible. B. become brittle. C. lose their blood supply. D. increase their pliability. E. increase in mass.

D. lose their pliability and resiliency.

With age, connective tissues: A. become more flexible. B. become thinner. C. lose their blood supply. D. lose their pliability and resiliency. E. increase in mass.

B. become thinner.

With age, epithelial tissues: A. become more flexible. B. become thinner. C. lose their blood supply. D. lose resiliency but gain pliability. E. increase in mass.

E. Epithelial tissue

You would most likely find goblet cells in what type of tissue? A. Cartilage B. Nervous tissue C. Muscle tissue D. Bone E. Epithelial tissue