A&P Chapter 6,8,9
The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classification of joints.
True
The articular surfaces of synovial joints play a minimal role in joint stability.
True
The gripping of the trochlea by the trochlear notch constitutes the "hinge" for the elbow joint.
True
The major role of ligaments at synovial joints is to help direct movement and restrict undesirable movement.
True
The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and the presence or absence of a joint cavity.
True
The structural unit of compact bone (osteon) resembles the growth rings of a tree trunk.
True
The are of long bones where cartilage cells are replaced by bone cells
Diaphysis
The area of long bones where cartilage cells are replaced by bone cells.
Diaphysis
Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of___.
hyperextension
A joint that is known as a suture is found _____.
in the skull only
Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include ___.
lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements
Synarthrotic joints___.
permit essentially no movement.
The gliding motion of the wrist is accomplished because of the ___ joint.
plane
When a ballerina points the toes, it is known as ______.
plantar flexion
Movement allowed in a pivot joint is known as ______.
uniaxial rotation
Which of the following is a syndesmosis?
A fibrous joint, without joint cavity, classified as a synarthroses, that is important for stabilizing your knee
Which of the following statements best describes angular movements? A) They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones. B) They allow movement only in one plane. C) They allow movement in several planes. D) They occur only between bones with flat articular processes.
A) They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.
Which below is not a correct match? A) synchondrosis-peg-in-socket B) synovial-knee joint C) symphysis-pad of fibrocartilage D) gomphosis-periodontal ligament E) syndesmosis-anterior cruciate
A) synchondrosis-peg-in-socket
In the classification of joints, which of the following is true?
All synovial joints are freely movable.
For intramembranous ossificagtion to take place, which of the following is necessary
An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue
The growth pattern of bone in which matrix is laid down on the surface
Appositional growth
The growth pattern of bone in which matrix is laid down on the surface.
Appositional growth
The process of bones increasing in width is known as
Appositional growth
Which of the following is a true statement? A) The rotator cuff is responsible for the flexible extensions at the elbow joint. B) The annular ligament surrounds the head of the radius. C) The head of the humerus articulates with the acromion process. D) The greater tubercule of the humerus articulates at the coracoid process of the scapula.
B) The annular ligament surrounds the head of the radius.
Which below is not a correct match? A) syndesmosis-fibrous B) synchondrosis-fibrous C) synovial-cavity D) suture-fibrous E) gomphosis-fibrous
B) synchondrosis-fibrous
The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (the Haversian canal) is the site of
Blood vessels and nerve fibers
Osteogenesis is the process of
Bone formation
In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows
By pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis
Normal bone formation and growth are dependent on the adequate intake of
Calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D
Small channels that radiate through the matrix of bone
Canaliculi
The cells responsible for the early stages of endochondral ossification
Chondrocytes
The cells responsible for the early stages of endochondral ossification.
Chondrocytes
Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth
Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within
Bone fragmented into many pieces
Comminuted
Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system
Communication
The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand tension stress
Compact bone
Which below is not a structure of a synovial joint? A) synovial fluid B) joint (synovial) cavity C) reinforcing ligaments D) hyaluronic connections E) articular cartilage
D) hyaluronic connections
What can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause
Decreased proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage
A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the
Diaphysis
Factors in preventing or delaying osteoporosis include
Drinking fluoridated water
Osteomyelitis is
Due to pus-forming bacteria
Which below is not a correct match? A) syndesmosis-synarthrosis B) gomphosis-synarthrosis C) synovial-diarthrosis D) synchondrosis-synarthrosis E) symphysis-diarthrosis
E) symphysis-diarthrosis
In some cases the epiphyseal plate of the long bones of children closes too early. What might be the cause
Elevated levels of sex hormones
Lining of the marrow cavity
Endosteum
The appearance of this structure signals the end of bone growth
Epiphyseal line
The appearance of this structure signals the end of bone growth.
Epiphyseal line
Area where bone longitudinal growth takes place
Epiphyseal plate
Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood
Epiphyseal plate
A nonaxial movement is usually seen at a joint such as a hinge.
False
A person who has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis would be suffering loss of the synovial fluids.
False
All joints permit some degree of movement, even if very slight.
False
Chondromalacia patellae is hardening of the articular cartilage on the posterior patella surface.
False
Cruciate ligaments are important ligaments that stabilize all ball-and-socket joints.
False
Dislocations in the TMJ almost always dislocate posteriorly with the mandibular condyles ending up in the infratemporal fossa.
False
Hinge joints permit movement in only two planes.
False
Short, irregular, and flat bones have large marrow cavities in order to keep the weight of the bones light.
False
The knee joint allows for extension and flexion only.
False
The ligamentum teres represents a very important stabilizing ligament for the hip joint.
False
The only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae is flexion.
False
The wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements.
False
Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of
Fat
Rib
Flat
Skull
Flat
scapula
Flat Bone
Scapula
Flat bone
Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements?
Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.
An incomplete fracture cracking of the bone without actual separation of the parts. Common in children
Greenstick
Growth of bones is controlled by a symphony of hormones. Which hormone is important for bone growth during infancy and childhood
Growth hormone
The most abundant skeletal cartilage type is
Hyaline
What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo
Hyaline cartilage
The term diploe refers to the
Internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones
Lengthwise, long bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through
Intersitial growth of the epiphyseal plates
Hip bones
Irregular
Vertebrae
Irregular
hip bones
Irregular bone
Ossification of the ends of long bones
Is produced by secondary ossification centers
Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about this fluid?
It contains hyaluronic acid.
Which is correct about development of joints?
Joints develop in parallel with bones.
What are the small spaces in bone tissue that are holes in which osteocytes live called
Lacunae
Layers of bone matrix
Lamellae
Humerus
Long
Phalanges
Long
Radius
Long Bone
Radius
Long bone
The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the
Osteoblast
Cells that can build bony matrix
Osteoblasts
Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. The inner (osteogenic layer consists primarily of
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts
Bones are constantly undergoing resorption (remodeling) for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process
Osteoclast
Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix
Osteoclasts
Ostealgia is
Pain in a bone
Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream
Parathyroid hormone
The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue called
Perforating fibers (Sharpey's)
Which of the following is a bone marking name that indicates a projection that helps to form joints
Ramus
The universal loss of mass seen in the skeleton, which begins about the age of 40
Reflects incomplete osteon formation and mineralization
Patella
Sesamoid
Tarsus
Short
Carpals
Short bone
Common sports fracture resulting from a twisting force
Spiral
________ are cartilaginous joints.
Synchondroses
What is the structural unit of compact bone
The osteon
Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. What is appositional growth
The secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage
Wolff's law is concerned with
The thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it
Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Name the two bones of the hand that articulate to form a saddle joint.
The trapezium of the carpal bone and the thumb's metacarpal.
Which of the following glands or organs produces hormones that tend to decrease blood calcium levels
Thyroid
Spongy bones are made up of a framework called
Trabeculae
A ball-and-socket joint is a multiaxial joint.
True
A movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned from posterior to anterior is supination.
True
A person who has been diagnosed with a sprained ankle has an injury to the ligaments that attach to that joint.
True
Bending of the tip of the finger exhibits flexion.
True
Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion.
True
Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a range of motion as at the shoulder joint.
True
Moving the arm in a full circle is an example of circumduction.
True
Synovial fluid contains phagocytic cells that protect the cavity from invasion by microbes or other debris.
True
Synovial fluid is a viscous material that is derived by filtration from blood.
True
Which of the following statements defines synchondroses?
cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones
Cranial bones develop
Within fibrous membranes
When one is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body along the frontal plane, it is called _____.
abduction
Tendon sheaths ________.
act as friction-reducing structures
Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________.
amphiarthroses
The ______ ligament holds the radius to the ulna at the proximal end.
annular
Which type of synovial joint is the joint between the acetabulum and the femur?
ball and socket
Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called _____.
bursae
Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions when you pound your feet on the pavement where friction develops are called:
bursae
The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called ________.
cruciate ligaments
The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called:
cruciate ligaments
Area where bone longitudinal growth takes place.
epiphyseal plate
Gouty arthritis is a painful condition caused by____.
excessive blood levels of uric acid deposited as crystals in the soft tissue joints.
A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a __ joint.
gomphosis
A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ___ joint.
gomphosis
Which of these joint types affords uniaxial movement?
hinge
Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint?
hinge joint
In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with ________.
hyaline cartilage
In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with:
hyaline cartilage
Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the ligaments is/are damaged as a result?
medial collateral, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate
The hip joint is a good example of a(n) ____synovial joint.
multiaxial
Which of the following conditions is generally considered a noninflammatory type of arthritis?
osteoarthritis
Synarthrotic joints ________.
permit essentially no movement
The cruciate ligaments of the knee _____.
prevent hyperextension of the knee
Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to ________.
provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints
Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are ________.
rare because of the ligament reinforcement
Menisci refer to _____.
semilunar cartilage pads
Menisci refer to___.
semilunar cartilage pads.
Patella
sesamoid bone
Carpals
short bone
If a patient was suffering from bursitis, this condition would be designated as inflammation of a(n) ________.
small sac containing fluid
A fibrous joint, without joint cavity, classified as a synarthroses, that is important for binding flat bones together, become synostoses as an adult?
suture
An immovable joint found only between skull bones is called a ___.
suture
Fibrous joints are classified as _______.
sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses
Fibrous joints are classified as:
sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses.
A cartilaginous joint, without joint cavity, classified as a amphiarthrosis, that includes the pubic joint of the pelvis?
symphysis
A joint united by dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement is a _____.
symphysis
On the basis of structural classification, which joint is fibrous connective tissue?
syndesmosis
Connective tissue sacs lined with membranes that produce a weeping fluid are called:
synovial cavities
Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions when you get friction along the tendon from bowling with your wee:
tendon sheaths
The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to ____.
the feet
Multiaxial joints of the body include ________.
the hip and shoulder
Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped?
the patellar ligament
An example of an interosseus fibrous joint is ________.
the radius and ulna along its length
Lyme disease is a bacterial disease transmitted by the bite of a __.
tick
