A&P Chapter 6,8,9

The amount of movement permitted by a particular joint is the basis for the functional classification of joints.

True

The articular surfaces of synovial joints play a minimal role in joint stability.

True

The gripping of the trochlea by the trochlear notch constitutes the "hinge" for the elbow joint.

True

The major role of ligaments at synovial joints is to help direct movement and restrict undesirable movement.

True

The structural classification of joints is based on the composition of the binding material and the presence or absence of a joint cavity.

True

The structural unit of compact bone (osteon) resembles the growth rings of a tree trunk.

True

The are of long bones where cartilage cells are replaced by bone cells

Diaphysis

The area of long bones where cartilage cells are replaced by bone cells.

Diaphysis

Bending your head back until it hurts is an example of___.

hyperextension

A joint that is known as a suture is found _____.

in the skull only

Extracapsular ligaments stabilizing the knee include ___.

lateral and medial collateral ligaments preventing lateral or medial angular movements

Synarthrotic joints___.

permit essentially no movement.

The gliding motion of the wrist is accomplished because of the ___ joint.

plane

When a ballerina points the toes, it is known as ______.

plantar flexion

Movement allowed in a pivot joint is known as ______.

uniaxial rotation

Which of the following is a syndesmosis?

A fibrous joint, without joint cavity, classified as a synarthroses, that is important for stabilizing your knee

Which of the following statements best describes angular movements? A) They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones. B) They allow movement only in one plane. C) They allow movement in several planes. D) They occur only between bones with flat articular processes.

A) They change (increase or decrease) the angle between two bones.

Which below is not a correct match? A) synchondrosis-peg-in-socket B) synovial-knee joint C) symphysis-pad of fibrocartilage D) gomphosis-periodontal ligament E) syndesmosis-anterior cruciate

A) synchondrosis-peg-in-socket

In the classification of joints, which of the following is true?

All synovial joints are freely movable.

For intramembranous ossificagtion to take place, which of the following is necessary

An ossification center forms in the fibrous connective tissue

The growth pattern of bone in which matrix is laid down on the surface

Appositional growth

The growth pattern of bone in which matrix is laid down on the surface.

Appositional growth

The process of bones increasing in width is known as

Appositional growth

Which of the following is a true statement? A) The rotator cuff is responsible for the flexible extensions at the elbow joint. B) The annular ligament surrounds the head of the radius. C) The head of the humerus articulates with the acromion process. D) The greater tubercule of the humerus articulates at the coracoid process of the scapula.

B) The annular ligament surrounds the head of the radius.

Which below is not a correct match? A) syndesmosis-fibrous B) synchondrosis-fibrous C) synovial-cavity D) suture-fibrous E) gomphosis-fibrous

B) synchondrosis-fibrous

The canal that runs through the core of each osteon (the Haversian canal) is the site of

Blood vessels and nerve fibers

Osteogenesis is the process of

Bone formation

In the epiphyseal plate, cartilage grows

By pushing the epiphysis away from the diaphysis

Normal bone formation and growth are dependent on the adequate intake of

Calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D

Small channels that radiate through the matrix of bone

Canaliculi

The cells responsible for the early stages of endochondral ossification

Chondrocytes

The cells responsible for the early stages of endochondral ossification.

Chondrocytes

Which of the following statements best describes interstitial growth

Chondrocytes in the lacunae divide and secrete matrix, allowing the cartilage to grow from within

Bone fragmented into many pieces

Comminuted

Which of the following is not a function of the skeletal system

Communication

The structure of bone tissue suits the function. Which of the following bone tissues is adapted to support weight and withstand tension stress

Compact bone

Which below is not a structure of a synovial joint? A) synovial fluid B) joint (synovial) cavity C) reinforcing ligaments D) hyaluronic connections E) articular cartilage

D) hyaluronic connections

What can a deficiency of growth hormone during bone formation cause

Decreased proliferation of the epiphyseal plate cartilage

A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the

Diaphysis

Factors in preventing or delaying osteoporosis include

Drinking fluoridated water

Osteomyelitis is

Due to pus-forming bacteria

Which below is not a correct match? A) syndesmosis-synarthrosis B) gomphosis-synarthrosis C) synovial-diarthrosis D) synchondrosis-synarthrosis E) symphysis-diarthrosis

E) symphysis-diarthrosis

In some cases the epiphyseal plate of the long bones of children closes too early. What might be the cause

Elevated levels of sex hormones

Lining of the marrow cavity

Endosteum

The appearance of this structure signals the end of bone growth

Epiphyseal line

The appearance of this structure signals the end of bone growth.

Epiphyseal line

Area where bone longitudinal growth takes place

Epiphyseal plate

Which structure allows the diaphysis of the bone to increase in length until early childhood

Epiphyseal plate

A nonaxial movement is usually seen at a joint such as a hinge.

False

A person who has been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis would be suffering loss of the synovial fluids.

False

All joints permit some degree of movement, even if very slight.

False

Chondromalacia patellae is hardening of the articular cartilage on the posterior patella surface.

False

Cruciate ligaments are important ligaments that stabilize all ball-and-socket joints.

False

Dislocations in the TMJ almost always dislocate posteriorly with the mandibular condyles ending up in the infratemporal fossa.

False

Hinge joints permit movement in only two planes.

False

Short, irregular, and flat bones have large marrow cavities in order to keep the weight of the bones light.

False

The knee joint allows for extension and flexion only.

False

The ligamentum teres represents a very important stabilizing ligament for the hip joint.

False

The only movement allowed between the first two cervical vertebrae is flexion.

False

The wrist joint can exhibit adduction and eversion movements.

False

Yellow bone marrow contains a large percentage of

Fat

Rib

Flat

Skull

Flat

scapula

Flat Bone

Scapula

Flat bone

Which of the following is a true statement regarding gliding movements?

Gliding movements occur at the intercarpal and intertarsal joints.

An incomplete fracture cracking of the bone without actual separation of the parts. Common in children

Greenstick

Growth of bones is controlled by a symphony of hormones. Which hormone is important for bone growth during infancy and childhood

Growth hormone

The most abundant skeletal cartilage type is

Hyaline

What kind of tissue is the forerunner of long bones in the embryo

Hyaline cartilage

The term diploe refers to the

Internal layer of spongy bone in flat bones

Lengthwise, long bone growth during infancy and youth is exclusively through

Intersitial growth of the epiphyseal plates

Hip bones

Irregular

Vertebrae

Irregular

hip bones

Irregular bone

Ossification of the ends of long bones

Is produced by secondary ossification centers

Synovial fluid is present in joint cavities of freely movable joints. Which of the following statements is true about this fluid?

It contains hyaluronic acid.

Which is correct about development of joints?

Joints develop in parallel with bones.

What are the small spaces in bone tissue that are holes in which osteocytes live called

Lacunae

Layers of bone matrix

Lamellae

Humerus

Long

Phalanges

Long

Radius

Long Bone

Radius

Long bone

The cell responsible for secreting the matrix of bone is the

Osteoblast

Cells that can build bony matrix

Osteoblasts

Bones are covered and lined by a protective tissue called periosteum. The inner (osteogenic layer consists primarily of

Osteoblasts and osteoclasts

Bones are constantly undergoing resorption (remodeling) for various reasons. Which of the following cells accomplishes this process

Osteoclast

Cells that can dissolve the bony matrix

Osteoclasts

Ostealgia is

Pain in a bone

Which hormone increases osteoclast activity to release more calcium ions into the bloodstream

Parathyroid hormone

The periosteum is secured to the underlying bone by dense connective tissue called

Perforating fibers (Sharpey's)

Which of the following is a bone marking name that indicates a projection that helps to form joints

Ramus

The universal loss of mass seen in the skeleton, which begins about the age of 40

Reflects incomplete osteon formation and mineralization

Patella

Sesamoid

Tarsus

Short

Carpals

Short bone

Common sports fracture resulting from a twisting force

Spiral

________ are cartilaginous joints.

Synchondroses

What is the structural unit of compact bone

The osteon

Cartilage grows in two ways, appositional and interstitial. What is appositional growth

The secretion of new matrix against the external face of existing cartilage

Wolff's law is concerned with

The thickness and shape of a bone being dependent on stresses placed upon it

Saddle joints have concave and convex surfaces. Name the two bones of the hand that articulate to form a saddle joint.

The trapezium of the carpal bone and the thumb's metacarpal.

Which of the following glands or organs produces hormones that tend to decrease blood calcium levels

Thyroid

Spongy bones are made up of a framework called

Trabeculae

A ball-and-socket joint is a multiaxial joint.

True

A movement of the forearm in which the palm of the hand is turned from posterior to anterior is supination.

True

A person who has been diagnosed with a sprained ankle has an injury to the ligaments that attach to that joint.

True

Bending of the tip of the finger exhibits flexion.

True

Flexion of the ankle so that the superior aspect of the foot approaches the shin is called dorsiflexion.

True

Movement at the hip joint does not have as wide a range of motion as at the shoulder joint.

True

Moving the arm in a full circle is an example of circumduction.

True

Synovial fluid contains phagocytic cells that protect the cavity from invasion by microbes or other debris.

True

Synovial fluid is a viscous material that is derived by filtration from blood.

True

Which of the following statements defines synchondroses?

cartilaginous joints where hyaline cartilage unites the ends of bones

Cranial bones develop

Within fibrous membranes

When one is moving a limb away from the median plane of the body along the frontal plane, it is called _____.

abduction

Tendon sheaths ________.

act as friction-reducing structures

Articulations permitting only slight degrees of movement are ________.

amphiarthroses

The ______ ligament holds the radius to the ulna at the proximal end.

annular

Which type of synovial joint is the joint between the acetabulum and the femur?

ball and socket

Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions in places where friction develops are called _____.

bursae

Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions when you pound your feet on the pavement where friction develops are called:

bursae

The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called ________.

cruciate ligaments

The ligaments that protect the alignment of the femoral and tibial condyles and limit the movement of the femur anteriorly and posteriorly are called:

cruciate ligaments

Area where bone longitudinal growth takes place.

epiphyseal plate

Gouty arthritis is a painful condition caused by____.

excessive blood levels of uric acid deposited as crystals in the soft tissue joints.

A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a __ joint.

gomphosis

A fibrous joint that is a peg-in-socket is called a ___ joint.

gomphosis

Which of these joint types affords uniaxial movement?

hinge

Presence of a synovial cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, and ligaments are characteristics of what type of joint?

hinge joint

In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with ________.

hyaline cartilage

In symphysis joints the articular surfaces of the bones are covered with:

hyaline cartilage

Football players often sustain lateral blows to the extended knee. Which of the ligaments is/are damaged as a result?

medial collateral, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate

The hip joint is a good example of a(n) ____synovial joint.

multiaxial

Which of the following conditions is generally considered a noninflammatory type of arthritis?

osteoarthritis

Synarthrotic joints ________.

permit essentially no movement

The cruciate ligaments of the knee _____.

prevent hyperextension of the knee

Articular cartilage found at the ends of the long bones serves to ________.

provide a smooth surface at the ends of synovial joints

Compared to the shoulder, displacements of the hip joints are ________.

rare because of the ligament reinforcement

Menisci refer to _____.

semilunar cartilage pads

Menisci refer to___.

semilunar cartilage pads.

Patella

sesamoid bone

Carpals

short bone

If a patient was suffering from bursitis, this condition would be designated as inflammation of a(n) ________.

small sac containing fluid

A fibrous joint, without joint cavity, classified as a synarthroses, that is important for binding flat bones together, become synostoses as an adult?

suture

An immovable joint found only between skull bones is called a ___.

suture

Fibrous joints are classified as _______.

sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses

Fibrous joints are classified as:

sutures, syndesmoses, and gomphoses.

A cartilaginous joint, without joint cavity, classified as a amphiarthrosis, that includes the pubic joint of the pelvis?

symphysis

A joint united by dense fibrocartilaginous tissue that usually permits a slight degree of movement is a _____.

symphysis

On the basis of structural classification, which joint is fibrous connective tissue?

syndesmosis

Connective tissue sacs lined with membranes that produce a weeping fluid are called:

synovial cavities

Connective tissue sacs lined with synovial membranes that act as cushions when you get friction along the tendon from bowling with your wee:

tendon sheaths

The terms inversion and eversion pertain only to ____.

the feet

Multiaxial joints of the body include ________.

the hip and shoulder

Which ligament of the knee initiates the knee-jerk reflex when tapped?

the patellar ligament

An example of an interosseus fibrous joint is ________.

the radius and ulna along its length

Lyme disease is a bacterial disease transmitted by the bite of a __.

tick