A&P - Chapter 8 EText

Transparent portion of the fibrous layer

Cornea

Increased pressure within the eye, which causes pain and possibly blindness

Glaucoma

What condition results from an abnormally high pressure inside the eye?

Glaucoma

Eyeball is "too short"

Hyperopia

What gland releases tears onto the anterior surface of the eyeball?

Lacrimal

Gland that releases tears

Lacrimal gland

Flexible biconvex crystal-like structure

Lens

The biconvex structure that focuses light on the retina is the ________.

Lens

What part of the eye is affected by cataracts?

Lens

What structure of the eye focuses light on the retina?

Lens

Nearsightedness

Myopia

Prolonged vitamin A deficiency results in deterioration of the neural retina

Night Blindness

What is associated with rods?

Night vision

The type of chemoreceptor responsible for our sense of smell is called a(n) ________.

Olfactory receptor

Blind spot

Optic Disc

Which area of the retina lacks rods and cones and therefore does not detect images?

Optic Disc

The region of the optic nerve lacking photoreceptor cells is known as the ________.

Optic disc (Blind spot)

Hair cells that function as hearing receptors are located within the ________.

Organ of corti

The rounded opening of the iris through which light enters the eye is called the ________.

Pupil

Contains millions of photoreceptors

Retina

Which layer of the eye contains rods and cones?

Retina

"White of the eye"

Sclera

The fibrous covering of the eye consists of the white outer layer, known as the ________, and a transparent portion known as the ________.

Sclera; cornea

Dynamic equilibrium receptors are found in the ________.

Semicircular canals

Dynamic equilibrium receptors that detect information about angular or rotational movements of the head are housed in the ________.

Semicircular canals

________ deafness arises when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells in the spiral organ of Corti, cochlear nerve, or neurons in the auditory cortex of the brain.

Sensorineural

What is part of the sensory layer of the eye?

The retina

T/F: An astigmatism results from unequal curvatures of the cornea or lens.

True

T/F: Tarsal glands situated between the eyelashes release an oily secretion that lubricates the eye.

True

The structure that divides the outer ear from the middle ear is a membrane known as the ________.

Tympanic Membrane (Eardrum)

What sensation allows someone to enjoy the taste of a steak?

Umami

Static equilibrium receptors are located in the ________.

Vestibule

Which cranial nerve transmits hearing and equilibrium information to the brain?

Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

The gel-like substance housed in the posterior segment of the eye is the ________.

Vitreous Humor

Type of humor located in the posterior segment

Vitreous Humor

Which one of the following correctly lists the order of the parts through which light passes as it enters the eye?

cornea, aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor

What can cause sensorineural deafness?

degeneration of the hair cells in the spiral organ of Corti

Hearing receptors within the spiral organ of Corti are called ________.

hair cells

An ear infection following an illness such as a cold can pass from the throat through the auditory (pharyngotympanic) tube to the ________.

middle ear

The function of the choroid layer of the eye is to ________.

prevent light from scattering inside the eye

Sensorineural deafness occurs when there is damage or degeneration of receptor cells of the ________.

spiral organ of Corti or cochlear nerve

The five taste sensations are ________.

sweet, sour, bitter, salty, umami

Sound waves entering the external auditory canal hit the eardrum, also known as the ________.

tympanic membrane

The gel-like substance that reinforces the eyeball and prevents it from collapsing inward is the ________.

vitreous humor

The transparent portion of the fibrous layer of the eye is the ________.

Cornea

T/F: Cones are photoreceptor cells that allow us to see gray tones in dim light.

False

T/F: The olfactory receptors are responsible for detecting taste sensations.

False

Area of greatest visual acuity

Fovea Centralis

The pigmented portion of the eye that has a rounded opening through which light passes is the ________.

Iris

The pupil is an opening within the ________.

Iris

The ________ gland is located above the lateral end of each eye and releases tears.

Lacrimal

Which structure is part of the system that produces and drains tears?

Lacrimal gland

The inability to see distant objects is termed "nearsighted" or ________.

myopia

What part of the inner ear contains receptors for dynamic equilibrium?

semicircular canals

Blurry images due to unequal curvatures of the cornea or lens

Astigmatism

What is associated with the external (outer) ear?

Auricle (Pinna)

The three sets of color receptors within the retina are sensitive to wavelengths of visible light that are ________.

Blue, green, and red

What layer of the eyeball contains both pigment to absorb stray light rays and muscle to control the lens?

Choroid

Which condition of the eye is a sex-linked condition that more often affects males?

Color blindness

Type of photoreceptor cell that detects colors

Cones

The membrane that covers the outer surface of the eye and lines the eyelids is the ________.

Conjunctiva

Inflammation of the conjunctiva

Conjunctivitis

The external acoustic meatus (auditory canal) is a narrow chamber situated in the ________ bone.

Temporal