A&P II Blood Types & Rh Factor
Is a Rh + fetus a risk if carried by a Rh + mother?
The first born fetus no but Rh- mother will be sensitized by an Rh+ fetus which can cause the mother to make antibodies against the Rh protein. Therefore, the second Rh+ fetus could be a risk.
A transfusion from a Type B donor to Type A recipient would be incompatible because
Type A recipient has anti B antibodies.
What blood type is the universal recipient and why?
Type AB because it has A and B proteins, but does not have Anti A or B antibodies so it can receive blood from A, B, and O.
Type O can only receive blood from
Type O
What blood type is the universal donor and why?
Type O because it does not have target A or B proteins for antibodies to attack.
Is a Rh + donor and Rh + recipient compatible?
Yes
Hemolytic anemia
anemia resulting from destruction of erythrocytes
Why can AB type persons donate blood only to AB recipients?
because of the presence of both A & B antigens on type AB red blood cells, all other blood types will have antibodies against it.
Why is it bad to give Rh positive blood to a person with Rh negative blood?
because that will expose the Rh negative person to the Rh-D antigen which will result with the possibility to produce anti Rh-D antibodies.
O TYPE PERSONS CAN RECEIVE BLOOD ONLY FROM O DONORS. WHY?
because type O has Anti A & B antibodies.
How is Rh Status determined?
by mixing blood with anti-Rh antibody. If blood agglutinates then the Rh protein was present and the blood is Rh+. if the blood does not agglutinate, then the Rh protein was not present and the blood is Rh-
Maternal-Fetal Incompatibility due to the Rh factor can cause what?
hemolytic anemia of fetus and newborn.
What is Maternal-Fetal Incompatibility?
it is the incompatibility of the blood between the fetus and mother. The Rh-Neg mother potentially produce antibodies that can cross placenta and harm Rh-positive fetus.
Do RBCs contain MHC1
no
Is a Rh + donor and Rh - recipient compatible?
on the first time yes, but not on the second time because the Rh- recipient has prior exposure and can produce anti-Rh D antibodies.
Rh negative has the potential to produce antibodies, but they will not be present without
prior exposure
Agglutination can be dangerous because
the clumping can cause a blockage in a blood vessel ceasing circulation.
No agglutination can occur in a recipient of O blood type because
there are no A or B antigens present for antibodies to bind to.
Blood type proteins have no physiological relevance except in
transfusions
ANTIBODIES AGAINST THE BLOOD TYPE PROTEIN ARE OF THE IgM CLASS. (ex. anti-B antibodies/anti-A antibodies)
true
Rh protein is unrelated to the A and B proteins
true
Is a Rh - donor and Rh - recipient compatible?
yes
Is a Rh - donor and Rh + recipient compatible?
yes because the Rh+ person has no anti Rh
If Agglutination occurs, that means the antibody has bound to the appropriate antigen on the cells. Give a example of this
A person with type A blood is given type B blood which the type A has ant-B antibodies will bind to the B antigens from the type B blood and cause clumping.
Type B protein will have what type of antibodies without previous exposure?
Anti A antibodies
Type A protein will have what type of antibodies without previous exposure?
Anti B antibodies
What class of antibodies can cross the placenta?
IgG
Anti-Rh antibodies are of which class
IgG class
Red Blood Cells are very unusual in that they lack
MHC 1
An incompatible blood transfusion cannot be due to
MHC Polymorphism
In the ABO blood group system, these blood type proteins have what function?
No known Function
If you have the Rh antigen, but no antibodies, you are
Rh +
if you do not have the Rh antigen, you are
Rh -
Rh negative protein has the absence of
Rh-D antigens