A&P Immune System Test

Humoral immunity is provided by

antibodies

Vaccines stimulate the production of these proteins

antibody

Which one of the following is NOT one of the nonspecific body defenses?

antibody production

Any substance capable of provoking an immune response

antigen

Cells that engulf and present parts of antigens on the membrane for recognition by T cells bearing receptors for the same antigen

antigen-presenting cell

Chemical released by macrophages and dendritic cells to activate many other immune cells

cytokines

What type of cell specializes in killing virus-infected, cancer, or foreign graft cells directly?

cytotoxic T cells

What does fever accomplish?

fever inhibits bacterial reproduction and speeds the repair process

What type of T cells release cytokines to indirectly rid the body of antigens?

helper T cells

T cells or B cells that are capable of responding to a specific antigen by binding to it with antigen-specific receptors that appear on the lymphocyte's surface are considered

immunocompetent

The specific foreign substances that an individual's immune system has the ability to recognize and resist is determined by

individual genetic makeup

Small protein that binds with receptors on healthy cells to promote protein synthesis and prevent viruses from binding

interferon

What inhibits viruses from entering and attacking healthy cells?

interferon

The adaptive (specific) defense system

issues an attack specific to particular foreign substances

Protein that provides resistance to intact skin against acids, alkalis, and bacterial enzymes

keratin

What mediates the adaptive defense system (specific defense system)?

lymphocytes

Cell that may exist in the body for years and enable a quick response to subsequent meetings with the same antigen

memory cell

Cell that directs the adaptive immune response by recruiting other cells to fight the invaders

Helper T cells

Due to a recent respiratory illness from a viral infection, Jennifer now has developed

naturally acquired active immunity

Antibodies provided by serum from an immune donor or an animal donor do not challenge the B cells and thus provide

passive immunity

Chemical released by natural killer cells to cause cell lysis

perforins

Cell that produces huge numbers of the same antibody

plasma cell

How do plasma cells assist with humoral immunity?

plasma cells secrete highly-specific antibodies

Chemical secreted by white blood cells and macrophages to raise the body's temperature

pyrogen

Cell that slows or stops B and T cell activity once infection has been conquered

regulatory T cell

Which of the following substances is NOT likely to trigger the immune response?

self-antigen

What is the body;s first line of defense against the invasion of disease-causing microorganisms?

skin and mucous membranes

What are T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes self-tolerant of?

the body's own cells

Active immunity to tetnus, whooping cough, and polio can be artificially acquired when we receive

vaccines

Which of the following is NOT a cell that behaves as an antigen-presenting cell?

virus

Cell that develops immunocompetence in the bone marrow

B cell

Antigen presentation is essential for the activation and clonal selection of

T cells

Antigen-presenting cells present in fragments of cells so they can be recognized by

T cells

What statement regarding the role of T cells is true?

T cells constitute the cell-mediated arm of the adaptive defenses