A&P- The Nervous System mastering questions
The brain and spinal cord comprise the
central nervous system
The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the
longitudinal fissure
Adrenergic synapses release the neurotransmitter
norepinephrine
The largest and most numerous of the glial cells in the central nervous system are the
astrocytes
The glial cells responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier are the
astrocytes.
The ________ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity.
autonomic
Neurons that have one axon and one dendrite with the soma between them are called
bipolar
Which ion is needed to trigger the release of acetylcholine, via exocytosis, into the synaptic cleft?
calcium
The branching structures that, together with the cell body, are sensitive to chemical, mechanical, or electrical stimulation are called
dendrites
The area anterior to the central sulcus is the
frontal lobe
The projections of gray matter extending through the white matter toward the outer surface of the spinal cord are called
horns
Which structure secretes antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin?
hypothalamus
The sensory nuclei of cranial nerves V-VIII are found within which of the following?
pons
When a neuron is at rest, which ion passes through its membrane most easily?
potassium
Which of the following performs such abstract intellectual function as predicting the future consequences of events or actions?
prefrontal cortex
Which of the following is a function of the efferent division of the nervous system?
sending signals to muscles
The posterior horns of the spinal cord contain
sensory nuclei
Opening of voltage-gated sodium channels in the membrane of a neuron results in
depolarization
The thalamus is the largest portion of which major brain region?
diencephalon
Which neuroglial cells produce CSF in some regions of the brain?
ependymal cells
If Broca's area is damaged, what might result?
loss of the ability to sleep
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of pharyngeal muscles and parotid salivary glands?
IX
Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sensory innervation of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?
VII
The all-or-none principle states that
all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials
Adrenergic neurons release the neurotransmitter ________.
norepinephrine
The visual cortex is located in the
occipital lobe
The myelin sheaths that surround the axons of some of the neurons in the CNS are formed by
oligodendrocytes
All of the nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system comprises the ________ nervous system.
peripheral
Identify the correct sequence of steps in the generation of an action potential. 1. Activation of sodium channels and rapid depolarization 2. Inactivation of sodium channels and activation of potassium channels 3. Depolarization to threshold 4. Closing of potassium channels
3,1,2,4
The entire spinal cord is divided into ________ segments.
31
The cranial nerves whose primary function is special sensory are
I, II, VIII
Motor innervation of the muscles of facial expression is transmitted through which cranial nerve?
VII
Which of the following neurotransmitters usually depolarizes postsynaptic neurons?
acetylcholine
The ________ division of the nervous system brings sensory information to the central nervous system.
afferent
The part of the peripheral nervous system that brings information to the central nervous system is the
afferent division
Major centers concerned with autonomic function, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration is the
medulla oblongata
Which structure contains cardiovascular and respiratory rhythmicity centers?
medulla oblongata
Small phagocytic glial cells, which are derived from white blood cells, are called
microglia
Most neurons in the brain are
multipolar
Neurons that have two or more dendrites and a single axon extending away from the soma are called
multipolar
Head injuries that damage cerebral blood vessels are serious conditions because
these spaces compress and distort the relatively soft tissues of the brain
Damage to the ________ nerve, which is vital for the autonomic control of visceral function, could result in death.
vagus
Which spinal cord structure(s) contains the axons of CNS motor neurons that control muscles and glands?
ventral roots
Most neurons lack centrioles. This observation explains
why such neurons cannot divide through mitosis
The resting potential of a neuron is ________.
-70 mV
Which of the following is the correct order of events that occur at a cholinergic synapse? 1. Extracellular calcium enters the axon terminal, triggering the exocytosis of acetylcholine. 2. Acetylcholine is removed by acetylcholinesterase. 3. Acetylcholine binds to receptors and depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane. 4. Axon terminal depolarizes.
4,1,3,2
In general, the nervous system
is fast acting
Another name for the patellar reflex is the
knee-jerk reflex
the cortex inferior to the lateral sulcus is the
temporal lobe