A&P- The Nervous System mastering questions

The brain and spinal cord comprise the

central nervous system

The two cerebral hemispheres are separated by the

longitudinal fissure

Adrenergic synapses release the neurotransmitter

norepinephrine

The largest and most numerous of the glial cells in the central nervous system are the

astrocytes

The glial cells responsible for maintaining the blood-brain barrier are the

astrocytes.

The ________ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity.

autonomic

Neurons that have one axon and one dendrite with the soma between them are called

bipolar

Which ion is needed to trigger the release of acetylcholine, via exocytosis, into the synaptic cleft?

calcium

The branching structures that, together with the cell body, are sensitive to chemical, mechanical, or electrical stimulation are called

dendrites

The area anterior to the central sulcus is the

frontal lobe

The projections of gray matter extending through the white matter toward the outer surface of the spinal cord are called

horns

Which structure secretes antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin?

hypothalamus

The sensory nuclei of cranial nerves V-VIII are found within which of the following?

pons

When a neuron is at rest, which ion passes through its membrane most easily?

potassium

Which of the following performs such abstract intellectual function as predicting the future consequences of events or actions?

prefrontal cortex

Which of the following is a function of the efferent division of the nervous system?

sending signals to muscles

The posterior horns of the spinal cord contain

sensory nuclei

Opening of voltage-gated sodium channels in the membrane of a neuron results in

depolarization

The thalamus is the largest portion of which major brain region?

diencephalon

Which neuroglial cells produce CSF in some regions of the brain?

ependymal cells

If Broca's area is damaged, what might result?

loss of the ability to sleep

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of pharyngeal muscles and parotid salivary glands?

IX

Which cranial nerve is responsible for the sensory innervation of the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

VII

The all-or-none principle states that

all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials

Adrenergic neurons release the neurotransmitter ________.

norepinephrine

The visual cortex is located in the

occipital lobe

The myelin sheaths that surround the axons of some of the neurons in the CNS are formed by

oligodendrocytes

All of the nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system comprises the ________ nervous system.

peripheral

Identify the correct sequence of steps in the generation of an action potential. 1. Activation of sodium channels and rapid depolarization 2. Inactivation of sodium channels and activation of potassium channels 3. Depolarization to threshold 4. Closing of potassium channels

3,1,2,4

The entire spinal cord is divided into ________ segments.

31

The cranial nerves whose primary function is special sensory are

I, II, VIII

Motor innervation of the muscles of facial expression is transmitted through which cranial nerve?

VII

Which of the following neurotransmitters usually depolarizes postsynaptic neurons?

acetylcholine

The ________ division of the nervous system brings sensory information to the central nervous system.

afferent

The part of the peripheral nervous system that brings information to the central nervous system is the

afferent division

Major centers concerned with autonomic function, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration is the

medulla oblongata

Which structure contains cardiovascular and respiratory rhythmicity centers?

medulla oblongata

Small phagocytic glial cells, which are derived from white blood cells, are called

microglia

Most neurons in the brain are

multipolar

Neurons that have two or more dendrites and a single axon extending away from the soma are called

multipolar

Head injuries that damage cerebral blood vessels are serious conditions because

these spaces compress and distort the relatively soft tissues of the brain

Damage to the ________ nerve, which is vital for the autonomic control of visceral function, could result in death.

vagus

Which spinal cord structure(s) contains the axons of CNS motor neurons that control muscles and glands?

ventral roots

Most neurons lack centrioles. This observation explains

why such neurons cannot divide through mitosis

The resting potential of a neuron is ________.

-70 mV

Which of the following is the correct order of events that occur at a cholinergic synapse? 1. Extracellular calcium enters the axon terminal, triggering the exocytosis of acetylcholine. 2. Acetylcholine is removed by acetylcholinesterase. 3. Acetylcholine binds to receptors and depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane. 4. Axon terminal depolarizes.

4,1,3,2

In general, the nervous system

is fast acting

Another name for the patellar reflex is the

knee-jerk reflex

the cortex inferior to the lateral sulcus is the

temporal lobe