ABD Anatomy Scrotum, Thyroid, Misc

What is the term for a cone like mass of normal thyroid tissue protruding superiorly from isthmus?

- Pyramidal lobe

Normal retroperitoneal lymph nodes usually measure less than ______ in length.

1cm

How many layers are identified in the normal sonographic "gut signature"?

5

A top normal thyroid isthmus measurement would be:

6mm

The Achilles' tendon is normally less than ______ in diameter.

7mm

Normal wall thickness of the bowel is

<5mm

The thyroid gland is considered normal in size if the:

AP measurement is <2cm

When evaluating intratesticular flow, which vessel is sampled by Doppler?

Centripetal

Which scrotal arteries penetrate the testicular parenchyma to supply oxygenated blood?

Centripetal

Which of the following structures is not included in the spermatic cord?

Centripetal artery

Pheochromocytoma, chromaffin cells and neurons in the central nervous system are responsible for the release of?

Epinephrine

Which of the following is synthesized by the adrenal medulla?

Epinephrine

Which of the following connects the subphrenic space with Morison pouch?

Epiploic foramen

What is indicated by the yellow arrow?

Esophagus

Which structure is visualized posterior and medial to the left lobe of the thyroid gland?

Esophagus

The superior thyroidal artery is a branch of the __________.

External carotid artery

The ______ is a part of the prostate gland that is mostly composed of smooth muscle cells and makes up approximately 1/3 of the gland.

Fibromuscular region

What is the primary function of lymph nodes?

Filter lymphatic fluid and protect the body from infection

The structure indicated by the arrow is composed of:

Folds of tunica albugnea

The functional unit of the thyroid gland is called _________.

Follicle

The inguinal ligament extends:

From the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

Which of the following vessels can be used to help locate the left adrenal gland?

Splenic vein

Which muscle group is located anterolateral to the lobes of the thyroid gland?

Sternocleidomastoid

Which group is located anteromedial to the lobes of the thyroid gland?

Strap muscles

The internal jugular vein merges with what vein to form the brachiocephalic vein?

Subclavian Vein

The ___________ gland is located under the mandible and is drained by the _________.

Submandibular, Wharton duct

Increased serum levels of _________ will reduce urine output and increase blood volume in the body.

Aldosterone

The paracolic gutters:

Allow fluid to move between the abdomen and pelvis

The fibromuscular stroma of the prostate is called the _______ zone.

Anterior

On an ultrasound exam, the normal adrenal cortex appears:

As a hypoechoic ring around the echogenic medulla

Ascites can be identified in all of the following spaces/areas except:

Between the coronary ligaments within the bare area of the liver

Which scrotal artery encircle the testicular periphery?

Capsular

What blood vessels are demonstrated on the cross section of the penis?

Cavernosal arteries

The gastroesophageal junction is best seen in the ______ plane, anterior to the aorta and posterior to the left lobe of the liver.

Longitudinal

What portion of the GI tract is demonstrated on the image?

Colon

Which muscle group is located posterior to the thyroid gland?

Longus Colli muscle

Which two gut layers are normally hypoechoic on the ultrasound image?

Deep mucosa, muscularis propia

Which scrotal artery supplies the epididymis?

Deferential

Which of the following is not a layer of the scrotal sac?

Detrusor muscle

What abnormality involves the Hesselbach triangle?

Direct inguinal hernia

Which of the following normally secretes large amounts of mucus?

Duodenum

Which of the following scrotal structures carries the seminal fluid from the rete testis to the epididymis?

Efferent ducts

The ________ is formed at the junction of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles

Ejaculatory duct

The ________ is a connective sheath that is connected to the small intestine that provides structure and support, along with encasing/protecting blood vessels.

Mesentery

Where is the Dartos muscle and fascia?

In the scrotal sac

The testicles normally descend into the scrotum:

In utero

The right common carotid artery is a branch of which artery?

Innominate artery

Which of the following describes the ultrasound appearance of an abnormal small bowel segment?

Intraluminal and extraluminal fluid

Which of the following is true regarding the anatomic position of the left adrenal gland?

Lateral to the left diaphragm crura

Which blood vessel is located lateral to the left lobe of the thyroid and demonstrates an anechoic ovoid shape in a transverse view of the mid thyroid?

Left internal jugular vein

What structure is indicated by the purple arrow?

Mediastinum testis

While scanning the thyroid, you identify a 0.6cm ovoid structure outside the thyroid, lateral to the left carotid artery. The structure has a thin hypoechoic rim surrounding a hyperechoic center. These findings are most suggestive of:

Normal lymph node

The Eiffel tower sign on ultrasound refers to:

Normal prostate

An increase in which of the following hormones causes increased calcium resorption in the small intestines?

Parathyroid stimulating hormone

Which of the following lines the inside of the scrotal sac?

Parietal tunica vaginalis

The ________ gland is located anterior to the ear and is drained by the ___________.

Parotid, stensen duct

The ________zone is the largest zone in the prostate.

Peripheral

Which of the following retroperitoneal spaces contains the adrenal gland?

Perirenal space

Which of the following is true regarding the anatomic position of the right adrenal gland?

Posterior to the IVC

The appendix is normally identified:

Posterior to the terminal ileum and anterior to the iliac vessels

The normal epididymis is located:

Posterolateral to the testicle

In infants and children, the superior vena cava, aorta and _______, are well visualized using the thymus as an acoustic window

Pulmonary artery

Which of the following holds the psoas muscle?

Retrofascial space

Which blood vessel is located lateral to the right lobe of the thyroid and demonstrates an anechoic circular shape in a transverse view of the mid thyroid?

Right common carotid artery

Aside from the pancreas, what other organ produces amylase?

Salivary Glands

The thyroid normally produces the most of which of the following hormones?

T4

The cremasteric artery and deferential artery supply blood to the:

Testicles

The cardiac orifice is:

The opening by which the esophagus communicates with the stomach

Which of the following correctly describes the findings on the image?

There is an appendix teste present

Which of the following is a characteristic of a normal lymph node?

Thin hypoechoic rim with hyperechoic central hilum

A patient presents with a palpable round lump on the midline anterior neck about 2cm below the jaw. The structure appears anechoic with thin, smooth walls on ultrasound. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the findings?

Thyroglossal duct cyst

Calcitonin is produced by which of the following types of cells?

Thyroid parafollicular

What is the name of the T4 hormone?

Thyroxine

The red dotted line separates what two zones of the prostate?

Transitional and perpherial

The white arrow on the image indicates:

Urethra

The ________ is a connective sheath that is connected to the large intestine that provides structure and support, along with encasing/protecting blood vessels.

mesocolon