Abnormal Exam 4

"I just received a DSM-5 diagnoses of Internet use disorder," a friend says. "What do you think?" Your MOST accurate reply would be:

"That's not possible. The disorder is not in the DSM-5."

Token Economy Program

A behavioral program in which a person's desirable behaviors are reinforced systematically throughout the day by the awarding of tokens that can be exchanged for goods or privileges.

Masturbatory Satiation

A behavioral treatment in which a client masturbates for a long period of time while a client masturbates for a long period of time while fantasizing in detail about a paraphilic object. The procedure is expected to produce a feeling of boredom that becomes linked to the object.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

A cluster of problems in a child, including low birth weight, irregularities in the head and face, and intellectual deficits, caused by excessive alcohol intake by the mother during pregnancy.

Substance Intoxication

A cluster of temporary undesirable behavioral or psychological changes that develop during or shortly after the ingestion of a substance.

Relapse-Prevention Training

A cognitive-behavioral approach to treating alcohol use disorder in which clients are taught to keep track of their drinking behavior, apply coping strategies in situations that typically trigger excessive drinking, and plan ahead for risky situations and reactions.

Loose Associations

A common thinking disturbance in schizophrenia, characterized by rapid shifts from one topic of conversation to another.

Case Manager

A community therapist who offers a full range of services for people with schizophrenia or other severe disorders, including therapy, advice, medication, guidance, and protection of patients' rights.

Alogia

A decrease in speech or speech content; a symptom of schizophrenia.

Gender Dysphoria

A disorder in which a person persistently feels clinically significant distress or impairment due to his or her assigned gender and strongly wishes to be a member of another gender.

Paraphilic Disorder

A disorder in which a person's paraphilia causes great distress, interferes with social or occupational activities, or places the person or others at risk of harm - either currently or in the past.

Sexual Dysfunction

A disorder marked by a persistent inability to function normally in some area of the sexual response cycle.

Gambling Disorder

A disorder marked by persistent and recurrent gambling behavior, leading to a range of life problems.

Internet Gambling Disorder

A disorder marked by persistent, recurrent, and excessive internet gambling. Recommended for further study by the DSM-5 task force.

Formal Thought Disorder

A disturbance in the production and organization of thought.

Reward Center

A dopamine-rich pathway in the brain that produces feelings of pleasure when activated.

Delirium Tremens (DTs)

A dramatic withdrawal reaction that some people who are dependent on alcohol have. It consists of confusion, clouded consciousness, and terrifying visual hallucinations.

Sedative-Hypnotic Drug

A drug used in low doses to reduce anxiety and in higher doses to help people sleep.

Premature Ejaculation

A dysfunction in which a man persistently reaches orgasm and ejaculates within 1 minute of beginning sexual activity with a partner and before he wishes to. Also called early or rapid ejaculation.

Erectile Disorder

A dysfunction in which a man repeatedly fails to attain or maintain an erection during sexual activity.

Female Orgasmic Disorder

A dysfunction in which a woman persistently fails to reach orgasm, has very low intensity orgasms, or has very delayed orgasms.

Female Sexual Interest/Arousal Disorder

A female dysfunction marked by a persistent reduction or lack of interest in sex and low sexual activity, as well as, in some cases, limited excitement and few sexual sensations during sexual activity.

Phenothiazines

A group of antihistamine drugs that became the first group of effective antipsychotic medications.

LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide)

A hallucinogenic drug derived from ergot alkaloids.

Morphine

A highly addictive substance derived from opium that is particularly effective in relieving pain.

Milieu Therapy

A humanistic approach to institutional treatment based on the premise that institutions can help patients recover by creating a climate that promotes self-respect, responsible behavior, and meaningful activity.

Agranulocytosis

A life-threatening drop in white blood cells. This condition is sometimes produced by the atypical antipsychotic drug.

Delayed Ejaculation

A male dysfunction characterized by persistent inability to ejaculate or very delayed ejaculations during sexual activity with a partner.

Male Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder

A male dysfunction marked by a persistent reduction or lack of interest in sex and hence a low level of sexual activity.

Flat Affect

A marked lack of apparent emotions; a symptom of schizophrenia.

Transvestic Disorder

A paraphiliac disorder consisting of repeated and intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve dressing in clothes of the opposite sex, accompanied by clinically significant distress or impairment.

Exhibitionistic Disorder

A paraphiliac disorder in which a person has repeated and intense sexual desires to observe unsuspecting people in secret as they undress or to spy on couples having intercourse, and either acts on these urges with non consenting people or experiences clinically significant distress or impairment.

Fetishistic Disorder

A paraphilic disorder consisting of recurrent and intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors that involve the use of a nonliving object or nongenital part, often to the exclusion of all other stimuli, accompanied by clinically significant distress or impairment.

Voyeuristic Disorder

A paraphilic disorder in which a person has repeated and intense sexual desires to observe unsuspecting people in secret as they undress or to spy on couples having intercourse, and either acts on these urges with non consenting people or experiences clinically significant distress or impairment.

Pedophilic Disorder

A paraphilic disorder in which a person has repeated and intense sexual urges or fantasies about watching, touching, or engaging in sexual acts with children, and either acts on these urges or experiences clinically significant distress or impairment.

Sexual Sadism Disorder

A paraphilic disorder in which a person has repeated and intense sexual urges or fantasies that involve inflicting suffering on others, and either acts on these urges with non-consenting individuals or experiences clinically significant distress or impairment.

Frotteuristic Disorder

A paraphilic disorder in which a person has repeated and intense sexual urges or fantasies that involve touching and rubbing against a non-consenting person, and either acts on these urges with the non-consenting person or experiences clinically significant distress or impairment.

Sexual Masochism Disorder

A paraphilic disorder in which a person has repeated and intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors tht involve being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer, accompanied by clinically significant distress or impairment.

Catatonia

A pattern of extreme psychomotor symptoms, found in some forms of schizophrenia, which may include catatonic stupor, rigidity, or posturing.

Substance Use Disorder

A pattern of long-term maladaptive behaviors and reactions brought about by repeated use of a substance.

Dependent Personality Disorder

A personality disorder characterized by a pattern of clinging and obedience need to be taken care of.

Histrionic Personality Disorder

A personality disorder characterized by a pattern of excessive emotionality and attention seeking.

Avoidant Personality Disorder

A personality disorder characterized by consistent discomfort and restraint in social situations, overwhelming feelings of inadequacy, and extreme sensitivity to negative evaluation.

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

A personality disorder characterized by extreme discomfort in close relationships, very odd patterns of thinking perceiving, and behavioral eccentricities.

Schizoid Personality Disorder

A personality disorder characterized by persistent avoidance of social relationships and little expression of emotion.

Borderline Personality Disorder

A personality disorder characterized by repeated instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood and by impulsive behavior.

Personality Disorder - Trait Specified (PTDS)

A personality disorder currently undergoing study for possible inclusion in a future revision of DSM-5. People would receive this diagnoses if they had significant impairment in their functioning as a result of one or more very problematic traits.

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

A personality disorder marked by a broad pattern of grandiosity, need for admiration, and lack of empathy.

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A personality disorder marked by a general pattern of disregard for and violation of other people's rights.

Paranoid Personality Disorder

A personality disorder marked by a pattern of distrust and suspiciousness of others.

Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder

A personality disorder marked by such an intense focus on orderliness, perfectionism, and control that the person loses flexibility, openness, and efficiency.

Residential Treatment Center

A place where people formerly addicted to drugs live, work, and socialize in a drug-free environment.

Methamphetamine

A powerful amphetamine drug that has surged in popularity in recent years, posing major health and law enforcement problems.

Crack

A powerful, ready-to-smoke freebase cocaine.

Orgasmic Reorientation

A procedure for treating certain paraphilias by teaching clients to respond to new, more appropriate sources of sexual stimulation.

Aftercare

A program of post hospitalization care and treatment in the community.

Day Center

A program that offers hospital-like treatment during the day only.

Schizophrenia

A psychotic disorder in which personal, social, and occupational functioning deteriorate as a result of unusual perceptions, odd thoughts, disturbed emotions, and motor abnormalities.

Second-Generation Antipsychotic Drugs

A relatively new group of antipsychotic drugs whose biological action is different from that of the traditional antipsychotic drugs.

Halfway House

A residence for people with schizophrenia or other severe problems, often staffed by paraprofessionals.

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)

A self-help organization that provides support and guidance for people with alcohol use disorder.

Directed Masturbation Training

A sex therapy approach that teaches women with female arousal or orgasmic problems how to masturbate effectively and eventually to reach orgasm during sexual interactions.

Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder

A sexual dysfunction characterized by significant physical discomfort during intercourse.

Psychosis

A state in which a person loses contact with reality in key ways.

Spectator Role

A state of mind that some people experience during sex focusing on their sexual performance to such an extent that their performance and their enjoyment are reduced.

Amphetamine

A stimulant drug that is manufactured in the laboratory.

Delusions

A strange false belief firmly help despite evidence to the contrary.

Hallucinogen

A substance that causes powerful changes primarily in sensory perception, including strengthening perceptions and producing illusions and hallucinations.

Sheltered Workshop

A supervised workplace for people who are not yet ready for competitive jobs.

Sex-Change Surgery

A surgical procedure that changes a person's sex organs, features, and, in turn, sexual identity.

Avolition

A symptom of schizophrenia marked by apathy and an inability to start or complete a course of action.

Freebase

A technique for ingesting cocaine in which the pure cocaine basic alkaloid is chemically separated from processed cocaine, vaporized by heat from a flame, and inhaled with a pipe.

Double-Bind Hypothesis

A theory that some parents repeatedly communicate pairs of messages that are mutually contradictory, helping to produce schizophrenia in their children.

Methadone Maintenance Program

A treatment approach in which clients are given legally and medically supervised doses of methadone - a heroin substitute - to treat heroin-centered substance use disorder.

Community Mental Health Center

A treatment facility that provides medication, psychotherapy, and emergency care for psychotherapy, and emergency care for psychological problems and coordinates treatment in the community.

Aversion Therapy

A treatment in which clients are repeatedly presented with unpleasant stimuli while they are performing undesirable behaviors such as taking a drug.

Schizophrenogenic Mother

A type of mother - supposedly cold, domineering, and uninterested in the needs of her children - who was once thought to cause schizophrenia in her child.

If an individual had experienced normal sexual functioning for years and gradually developed a problem with becoming aroused under any condition, the type of dysfunction would be:

Acquired and generalized.

Barbiturates

Addictive sedative-hypnotic drugs that reduce anxiety and help people sleep.

"Alcoholism is a disease; you are an alcoholic for life, and must stop drinking." The treatment favored by the person/group being quoted MOST likely is:

Alcoholics Anonymous.

Cocaine

An addictive stimulant obtained from the coca plant. It is the most powerful natural stimulant known.

Korsakoff's Syndrome

An alcohol-related disorder marked by extreme confusion, memory impairment, and other neurological symptoms.

Personality Disorder

An enduring, rigid pattern of inner experience and outward behavior that repeatedly impairs a person's sense of self, emotional experiences, goals, capacity for empathy, and/or capacity for intimacy.

If one could use only a single treatment for schizophrenia and wanted the MOST effective treatment, one should choose:

Antipsychotic drugs.

Alcohol

Any beverage containing ethyl alcohol, including beer, wine and liquor.

The MOST common type of hallucination in schizophrenia is:

Auditory.

A token economy approach to treatment is based on principles from the _________ abnormal behavior.

Behavioral view.

Daniel, an intravenous heroin user, feels intense cravings when he sees hypodermic needles. This may be an example of:

Classical conditioning.

Which is the most effect second-generation antipsychotic drug for treating schizophrenia?

Clozapine.

Mario felt awake and alive as though he could conquer the world. He MOST likely used:

Cocaine.

Neuroleptic Drugs

Conventional antipsychotic drugs, so called because they often produce undesired effects similar to the symptoms of neurological disorders.

A family with a high level of expressed emotion may display a great deal of:

Criticism.

A person acts extremely jealous all the time and complains bitterly whenever other people appear to be getting more attention. This has been going on for a couple of months, and the person shows no other substantial symptoms. The BEST diagnoses, assuming the extreme jealousy has no basis in fast, is:

Delusional Disorder.

Antonio believes that the anchor on the evening television news is speaking directly and personally to him. He even goes to the television studio to talk to the anchor. Antonio is suffering from:

Delusions of reference.

The symptom of schizophrenia most likely to be relieved by antipsychotic drugs is:

Delusions.

Inappropriate Affect

Displays of emotions that are unsuited to the situation; a symptom of schizophrenia.

"It's all right to have sex with children as long as they agree," This is an example of the ________ often experienced by pedophiles.

Distorted thinking.

Cannabis Drugs

Drugs produced from the varieties of the hemp plant Cannabis Sativa. They cause a mixture of hallucinogenic, depressant, and stimulant effects.

Antagonist Drugs

Drugs that block or change the effects of an addictive drug.

Antipsychotic Drugs

Drugs that help correct grossly confused or distorted thinking.

Nocturnal Penile Tumescence (NPT)

Erection during sleep.

According to the DSM-5, someone who initiates sexual contact with children is:

Experiencing a paraphilia regardless of how troubled the individual may be.

Tardive Dyskinesia

Extrapyramidal effects involving involuntary movements that some patients have after they have taken conventional antipsychotic drugs for an extended time.

In a very crowded department store during the Christmas rush, a woman suddenly feels a stranger rubbing his genital area against her thigh. He continues until the crowd begins to break up, and then he moves away. The MOST likely diagnoses for this man is:

Frotteurism.

The MAIN difference between hallucinations and delusions is that:

Hallucinations involve perception and delusions involve belief.

A man derives sexual arousal exclusively from dressing in women's clothing, MOST likely, that person would be diagnosed as:

Having transvestic disorder.

Milieu therapy is based primarily on the principles of ________ psychology?

Humanistic.

An otherwise healthy man reports almost no interest in sexual activity, and has had very few sexual experiences in the past several years. That person MOST likely is experiencing:

Hypoactive sexual desire.

Which response from the person he exposed himself to would be LEAST satisfying to an exhibitionist?

Ignoring the exhibitionist.

Synergistic Effect

In pharmacology, an increase of effects that occurs when more than one substance is acting on the body at the same time.

One who is experiencing gender dysphoria:

Is unhappy with his or her biological gender.

A patient in an alcohol rehabilitation center tells you a detailed story about growing up in the mountains of Tennessee. Later, you find out that the person had never even visited Tennessee. A day later you visit the patient again, and the patient does not recognize you. Most likely, the patient is suffering from:

Korsakoff's syndrome.

Schizophrenia is found in all socioeconomic classes. However, it is MOST likely to be found in someone from a:

Lower socioeconomic level.

Schizophrenia researchers have been:

More successful in identifying biological origins than psychological origins of schizophrenia.

All the opioid drugs are known collectively as:

Narcotics.

Endorphins

Neurotransmitters that help relieve pain and reduce emotional tension. They are sometimes referred to as the body's own opioids.

People with schizophrenia who are working in a sheltered workshop are receiving:

Occupational training.

Marijuana

One of the cannabis drugs, derived from the buds, leaves, and flowering tops of the hemp plant Cannabis Sativa.

Heroin

One of the most addictive substances derived from opium.

Which of the following is a depressant?

Opioids.

Opioid

Opium or any of the drugs derived from opium, including morphine, heroin, and codeine.

A person who becomes sexually aroused in the presence of stimuli most people in that person's society would not think appropriate is experiencing:

Paraphilia.

Paraphilias

Patterns in which a person has recurrent and intense sexual urges, fantasies, or behaviors involving nonhuman objects, children, nonconsenting adults, or experiences of suffering or humiliation.

According to the diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia:

People with a biological predisposition for schizophrenia will develop it if certain psychosocial stressors are also present.

Delusions, disorganized thinking and speech, heightened perceptions and hallucinations, and inappropriate affect are examples of _________ symptoms of schizophrenia.

Positive.

State Hospitals

Public mental hospitals in the United States, run by the individual states.

Which is the BEST example of a double-bind communication?

Saying "I love you" to a child but refusing to allow that child in your lap.

Arnold cannot enjoy sexual intercourse unless he is tied up by his partner and beaten. His behavior is typical of:

Sexual masochism.

A college professor's work performance recently has deteriorated, and his colleagues find him difficult to talk to. If this is due to a problem with drugs, the best description of this professor's behavior as detailed above would be:

Substance use disorder.

Negative Symptoms

Symptoms of schizophrenia that seem to be deficits in normal thought, emotions, or behaviors.

Positive Symptoms

Symptoms of schizophrenia that seem to be excesses of or bizarre additions to normal thoughts, emotions, or behaviors.

Detoxification

Systematic and medically supervised withdrawal from a drug.

A woman has been treated with chlorpromazine for several years. Lately she seems to be chewing gum all the time and her arms are always in motion. She has begun to display twitching facial tics. This is an example of:

Tardive dyskinesia.

Tolerance

The brain and body's need for ever larger doses of a drug to produce earlier effects.

Deinstitutionalization

The discharge of large numbers of patients from long-term institutional care so that they might be treated in community programs.

Hallucination

The experiencing of sights, sounds, or other perceptions in the absence of external stimuli.

Performance Anxiety

The fear of performing inadequately and a related tension experienced during sex.

Expressed Emotion

The general level of criticism, disapproval, and hostility expressed in a family. People recovering from schizophrenia are considered more likely to relapse if their families rate high in expressed emotion.

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)

The main active ingredient of cannabis substances.

Benzodiazepines

The most common group of antianxiety drugs, which includes Valium and Xanax.

Desire Phase

The phase of the sexual response cycle consisting of an urge to have sex, sexual fantasies, and sexual attraction.

Orgasm Phase

The phase of the sexual response cycle during which a person's sexual pleasure peaks and sexual tension is released as muscles in the pelvic region contract rhythmically.

Excitement Phase

The phase of the sexual response cycle marked by changes in the pelvic region, general physical arousal, and increases in heart rate, muscle tension, blood pressure, and rate of breathing.

Dopamine Hypothesis

The theory that schizophrenia results from excessive activity of the neurotransmitter dopamine.

Caffeine

The world's most widely used stimulant, most often consumed in coffee.

Women tolerate alcohol LESS well than men because:

They have less of a stomach enzyme that breaks down alcohol.

The first antipsychotic drug to be approved for use in the United States was:

Thorazine.

Cross Tolerance

Tolerance for a substance one has not taken before as a result of using another substance similar to it.

A frequent drug user finds that larger that larger doses of a drug are necessary to produce the same "high" that much lower doses once produced. That drug user is developing:

Tolerance.

Withdrawal

Unpleasant, sometimes dangerous reactions that may occur when people who use a drug regularly stop taking or reduce their dosage of a drug.

Extrapyramidal Effects

Unwanted movements, such as severe shaking, bizarre-looking grimaces, twisting of the body, and extreme restlessness, sometimes produced by conventional antipsychotic drugs.

The usual way of dealing with troublesome or violent people with schizophrenia in institutions in the first half of the twentieth century was to:

Use physical restraint.

The finding that the HIGHEST rates of schizophrenia are found among people who are born during the winter supports which theory of schizophrenia?

Viral theory.