Abnormal Psychology Test 1
Eighteen-month-old Jesse explores and plays while her mother is in the room. The research suggests that Jesse may A, feel securely attached to her mother when she is 13. B. feel more attached to her father than her mother by the time she is 10. C. be overly attached to both of her parents by the time she begins puberty. D. resent her parents, but especially her mother, when she gets a little older, because she feels so dependent.
A, feel securely attached to her mother when she is 13.
Which of the following is an example of an outpatient treatment center? A. A private therapist's outpatient clinic B. Specialized inpatient treatment center C. Psychiatric hospital D. All of these are examples of outpatient treatment centers
A. A private therapist's outpatient clinic
What kind of research did the classic studies of Freud typically rely upon? A. Case study B. Experimental method C. Quasi-experimental D. Single case experimental design
A. Case study
Physician Joseph Wolpe created which of the following techniques? A. Counterconditioning B. Systematic desensitization C. Vicarious reinforcement D. Contingency management
A. Counterconditioning
Which of the following individuals investigated jails and poor houses, campaigning for proper treatment of psychologically disturbed people? A. Dix B. Pinel C. Pussin D. Chiarugi
A. Dix
______ therapy encourages group members to try to find new ways to relate to each other or think about their problems, while ______ therapy encourages people with similar experiences to share their stories with each other in a group setting. A. Family; group B. Group; family C. Multicultural; family D. Family; multicultural
A. Family; group
The ______ scale of the MMPI-2 assesses unsophisticated efforts at positive self-presentation. A. L B. K C. F D. None of these
A. L
Which of the following is the most popular self-report inventory for personality testing? A. MMPI-2 B. MMSE C. WISC-IV D. TAT
A. MMPI-2
Which of the following is an example of a mood disorder? A. Major depressive disorder B. Schizophrenia spectrum C. Post-traumatic stress disorder D. Anorexia nervosa
A. Major depressive disorder
What is the MMSE? A. Mini-Mental State Examination B. Mild Mental Status Examination C. Minimum Mentality State Examination D. Mental Mobility and Stability Examination
A. Mini-Mental State Examination
What type of personality test is the Rorschach Inkblot Test? A. Projective B. Subjective C. Objective D. Reflective
A. Projective
In the humanistic perspective, to what does the word "human" refer? A. The focus in this perspective on what makes each individual unique B. The genetic and biological content of the human race C. How biological, psychological, and social factors interact in individual's lives D. The unique ways that reinforcement impacts a human being versus an animal
A. The focus in this perspective on what makes each individual unique
Who was Benjamin Rush? A. The founder of American psychiatry B. The founder of modern medicine C. A Boston schoolteacher who spoke out against the inhumane conditions in asylums D. The founder of psychoanalysis
A. The founder of American psychiatry
Which of the following is the best example of a positive correlation? A. The less interesting the lecture, the less likely you are to remember everything the instructor said. B. Your chances of getting an A increase as the difficulty of the test decreases. C. Alicia loves to eat ice cream on hot afternoons. D. You should study longer because that helps you get a better grade.
A. The less interesting the lecture, the less likely you are to remember everything the instructor said.
What is a neutral stimulus? A. a stimulus that doesn't cause a response unless it is associated with a UCS B. a stimulus that becomes the UCR over a period of conditioning C. a stimulus that causes the UCS if there have been enough trials for them to become associated D. anything that causes a reflexive response
A. a stimulus that doesn't cause a response unless it is associated with a UCS
The criterion of standardization clearly specifies A. a test's instructions for administration and scoring. B. how a diagnosis should be obtained and classified. C. the method by which a test's reliability and validity are calculated. D. the ways that clinicians can avoid the "Barnum Effect."
A. a test's instructions for administration and scoring.
Unlike psychological tests, behavioral assessments record ______ to rating scales or questions. A. actions rather than responses B. responses rather than actions C. both actions and responses D. neither responses nor actions
A. actions rather than responses
How does food in the mouth cause a dog to salivate? A. by stimulating a reflexive response B. by causing the CS to happen C. by stimulating the CR D. It doesn't cause the dog to salivate.
A. by stimulating a reflexive response
Suppose some female rats are given caffeine and others are not. The researchers then count how many times the rats given caffeine couple with males and how many times the rats not given caffeine couple. In this example the independent variable is A. caffeine. B. couplings by rats given caffeine. C. rats not given caffeine. D. female rats.
A. caffeine.
Carl Rogers' theory uses the term ______ to reflect his belief that the potential for self-improvement lies within the individual rather than in the therapist or therapeutic technique. A. client-centered B. patient-provided C. subject-centric D. fully functioning
A. client-centered
When selecting a partner for a class project that is to determine 50 percent of your grade, you would be best served picking a person high in A. conscientiousness. B. extraversion. C. openness to experience. D. neuroticism.
A. conscientiousness.
The theories of Adler, Horney, and Erikson are commonly referred to as the A. ego psychology group. B. biopsychosocial perspective. C. humanistic theories. D. attachment style viewpoints.
A. ego psychology group.
Clinical decision-making that integrates the best available research and clinical expertise in the context of the cultural background, preferences, and characteristics of clients is known as A. evidence-based practice. B. milieu-based therapy. C. modality-based treatment. D. specialized inpatient supervision
A. evidence-based practice.
The ability to formulate goals, make plans, carry out those plans, and then complete the plans in an effective way is also known as A. executive function. B. cognition. C. affect. D. "trails."
A. executive function.
A drug company recruits 100 people to test out the effectiveness of a new drug. They give the drug to 50 of the participants and the other 50 are given a placebo. This is an example of a(n) ________________ design. A. experimental B. quasi-experimental C. correlational D. single-subject
A. experimental
A genotype is the A. genetic makeup which contains the form of each gene that you inherit. B. the form of each gene that you inherit. C. the chemical messengers that travel across the synapse. D. the observed and measurable characteristics that result from the combination of environmental and genetic influences.
A. genetic makeup which contains the form of each gene that you inherit.
Which of the following is an example of positive punishment? A. getting spanked for running in the street B. learning that it is better to ask for permission before doing something that might get you into trouble C. not going in the street after being told not to run in the street D. losing your allowance for coming home late
A. getting spanked for running in the street
An independent variable is A. manipulated by the experimenter. B. dependent on the dependent variable. C. dependent on the number of people in the experiment. D. never manipulated.
A. manipulated by the experimenter.
Ms. Simmons was asked to follow simple commands while she was a patient in the emergency room as part of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). This instrument, which assesses executive functioning, is a type of assessment known as A. neuropsychological assessment. B. projective testing. C. neuroimaging. D. intelligence testing.
A. neuropsychological assessment.
Maurice has been feeling sad lately so he decided to volunteer at an animal shelter in an attempt to lift his mood. Indeed, the more hours Maurice spends at the animal shelter, the happier he feels. Maurice has noticed a(n) ___________ correlation between the number of hours he spends volunteering and his feelings of happiness. A. positive B. negative C. neutral D. absence of
A. positive
A man, unsure of his own sexuality, openly discriminates against homosexuals in his workplace. The man is using ___________ to deal with his inner conflict. A. reaction formation B. displacement C. sublimation D. rationalization
A. reaction formation
After Paul's professor told him that he had failed his exam, Paul banged his fists on her desk, threw his books on the ground, and whined that she was being unfair. Paul was coping with his anxiety by using A. regression. B. repression. C. projection. D. denial.
A. regression.
The result of stereotypes about mental illness is ______, which only serves to complicate the lives of the afflicted even more. A. social discrimination B. poor health care C. poor self-care D. a lack of federal funding
A. social discrimination
A deviation intelligence score is calculated by converting a test-taker's raw scores into A. standardized scores. B. population scores. C. quantitative scores. D. overall scores.
A. standardized scores.
In traditional individual psychotherapy, A. the therapist works with the client on a one-to-one basis. B. the therapist works with the client and his or her partner. C. the therapist works simultaneously with both the client and people with similar problems. D. more than one therapist works with the client.
A. the therapist works with the client on a one-to-one basis.
The tendency for clinicians unintentionally to make generic and vague statements about their clients that do not specifically characterize the client is known as the A. "Bailey Action." B. "Barnum Effect." C. "Ringling Cause." D. "Barnes Effect."
B. "Barnum Effect."
Which of the following terminology would be the best option to use when referring to a person who has a psychological disorder? A. "Mary is a phobic." B. "Mary is a person with phobic disorder." C. "Mary has a number of personal issues. Her phobias are the least of her problems." D. "It is unkind to label Mary, so we should call her 'Client' rather than referring to her by name."
B. "Mary is a person with phobic disorder."
Which of the following is an example of an unstructured interview question? A. "Are you currently suicidal?" B. "Would you tell me more about your childhood?" C. "Have you ever been physically abused?" D. "Was your relationship with your father good or bad?"
B. "Would you tell me more about your childhood?"
The overall IQ score on the WAIS-IV is based on an age-normed mean of _____ and standard deviation of _____. A. 100, 10 B. 100, 15 C. 150, 10 D. 150, 15
B. 100, 15
Paul is taking the PASAT. If the examiner gives him the numbers 3 and 9, what should Paul answer? A. 8 B. 12 C. 15 D. 20
B. 12
In the late 1970s, attachment was studied by A. Piaget. B. Ainsworth. C. Erikson. D. Kohlberg.
B. Ainsworth.
How do clinicians typically begin their psychological assessment? A. Intelligence testing B. Clinical interview C. Behavioral observations D. Personality testing
B. Clinical interview
Which of the following theorists would have found the Rorschach cards useful for using the unconscious mind to uncover important parts of personality and behavior? A. Skinner B. Freud C. Pavlov D.Rogers
B. Freud
A researcher found that self-esteem in school children is positively correlated with grades. In other words, the higher the child's self-esteem, the higher the child's grades tend to be. Further research indicated that a third variable may cause this correlation. Which of the following is most likely to be the third variable in this example? A. shoe size B. IQ score C. name of the child D. type of car driven by the parents
B. IQ score
All of the following are true of the MMPI-2 EXCEPT: A. It is a self-report measure. B. It takes little time to complete and consists of only 10 items. C. It provides information on 10 clinical scales and 3 validity scales. D. It is the most widely used self-report personality inventory in clinical use.
B. It takes little time to complete and consists of only 10 items.
Which of the following tests is used by clinicians to screen for dementia? A. SCID-II B. MMSE C. WISC-IV D. TAT
B. MMSE
______ assess a number of features of the client including appearance, behavior, mood and affect, cognition, and judgment. A. Intelligence tests B. Mental status exams C. Personality tests D. Clinical interviews
B. Mental status exams
Marcos needs intensive supervision, but he does not appear at risk of harming himself. Which of the following settings would be most appropriate for him? A.Psychiatric hospital B. Specialized inpatient treatment center C. Private therapist's outpatient office D. Community mental health center
B. Specialized inpatient treatment center
How is the neutral stimulus related to the CS? A. The neutral stimulus causes the CS to change after conditioning has occurred. B. The neutral stimulus becomes the CS once conditioning has occurred. C. The CS causes the neutral stimulus to change. D. None of these: the CS and the neutral stimulus are not related.
B. The neutral stimulus becomes the CS once conditioning has occurred.
An individual is shown an inkblot card and asked to describe what s/he sees. Which of the following statements would be correct about the administration and scoring of this test? A. There are right and wrong answers that a test taker should give. B. There are no right answers, but some answers are "more common" than others. C. Test takers may not rotate or manipulate the cards. D . Cards are interpreted to give insight into an individual's intellectual functioning.
B. There are no right answers, but some answers are "more common" than others.
Which of the following is FALSE about brain scans? A. They can produce evidence of specific areas of damage. B. They can demonstrate specific losses of behavioral functioning. C. They can reveal unknown brain damage, such as hemorrhages, lesion, and hematomas. D. They may not be able to be administered to all clients, such as those with titanium artificial limbs.
B. They can demonstrate specific losses of behavioral functioning.
Dr. Peters believes that in order to counteract the problems caused by conditions of worth in childhood, all clients should be totally accepted no matter what they say, do, or feel during therapy. What is Dr. Peters' belief called? A. Intellectualization B. Unconditional positive regard C. Ego psychology D. Attachment theory
B. Unconditional positive regard
Which type of clinical interview is most likely to create a setting in which the client feels relaxed during the interview process due to its similarity to an ordinary conversation? A. Structured interview B. Unstructured interview C. Mental status examination D. Intelligence testing
B. Unstructured interview
Which of the following Wechsler intelligence tests was created for preschool-aged children? A. WAIS-IV B. WPPSI-III C. WISC-IV D. all of these can be used with preschool children
B. WPPSI-III
Freud claimed that the ______ personality is overly rigid, controlled, and perfectionistic. A. intellectualized B. anal retentive C. psychosexual D. libido
B. anal retentive
The authors of the DSM-5 wanted to develop a classification system that A. avoided the use of the term psychotic. B. eliminated the multiaxial system of the DSM-IV-R. C. followed the psychoanalytical model. D. used a dimensional rather than a categorical model.
B. eliminated the multiaxial system of the DSM-IV-R.
Andrew is quite talkative and fun-loving. He loves to socialize with others and enjoys being around other people. Andrew would score high on which personality factor? A. agreeableness B. extraversion C. conscientiousness D. openness to experience
B. extraversion
Egaz Moniz found that by severing the ______ lobes from the rest of the brain, he was able to reduce a patient's symptoms. A. parietal B. frontal C. occipital D. temporal
B. frontal
The NEO-PI-R is of most value A. in a clinical setting. B. in a research setting. C. in either a research or clinical setting. D. as a teaching instrument.
B. in a research setting.
The ______ observation is when clinicians record behavior in its natural context. A. analog B. in vivo C. in vitro D. self-monitoring
B. in vivo
The variable that a researcher manipulates in an experiment is called the _______ variable. A. dependent B. independent C. control D. spurious
B. independent
In many studies, the "experimental" and the "control" group are conditions of the A. dependent variable. B. independent variable. C. quasi-experimental variable. D. correlational variable.
B. independent variable.
Clare has entered the manic phase of bipolar disorder. She has trouble sleeping and has gotten herself into financial trouble by buying a car that she cannot really afford. Despite these problems, Clare feels as though she is on top of the world. Clare's behavior would be considered evidence of A. emotional suffering. B. loss of touch with reality. C. a physically damaging action. D> none of these.
B. loss of touch with reality.
Lily has been training for a marathon for several weeks. When she began her training, she could run a mile in 12 minutes. After 2 weeks of training, she could run a mile in 10 minutes. After 6 weeks of training, she could run a mile in 8 minutes. In this example, a(n) ____________ exists between the number of weeks of training and the time to run a mile. A. positive correlation B. negative correlation C. neutral correlation D. absence of correlation
B. negative correlation
Wilhelm Greisinger proposed that ______ were the cause of psychological disorders. A. humors or bodily fluids B. neuropathologies C. unconscious sexual impulses D. behaviors that had been reinforced
B. neuropathologies
George is a worrier. He always seems tense, because he is anxious about his health, his job, and his relationships. Which factor of personality best encapsulates these attributes of George? A. extraversion B. neuroticism C. conscientiousness D. agreeableness
B. neuroticism
The authors of the text feel that the term ______ carries with it the connotation of a passive rather than an active participant in treatment. A. client B. patient C. schizophrenic D. clinician
B. patient
The WASI-IV scale, which measures the ability to process nonverbal information quickly, is known as a A. perceptual reasoning index. B. processing speed index. C. working memory index. D. verbal comprehension index.
B. processing speed index.
Within the biopsychosocial perspective, past learning experiences and maladaptive thought patterns would primarily be considered a ___ factor in the model. A. biological B. psychological C. sociocultural D. situational
B. psychological
The two most important psychometric concepts when evaluating a psychological test are A. reliability and replicability. B. reliability and validity. C. comprehensiveness and validity. D. validity and standardization.
B. reliability and validity.
A label that causes us to regard certain people as different, defective, and set apart from mainstream members of society is known as A. the biopsychosocial perspective. B. stigma. C. abnormal behavior. D. clinical significance.
B. stigma.
Roger has lots of frustration at work, so he recently has taken up online gaming as a way to "beat things up." This is an example of A. intellectualization. B. sublimation. C. reaction formation. D. regression.
B. sublimation.
Neurotransmitters are the chemical messengers that travel across the ______, allowing neurons to communicate with the neighbors. A. soma B. synapse C. dendrite D. axon
B. synapse
Transmission of information throughout the nervous system takes places at A.somas. B. synapses. C. axons. D. none of these
B. synapses.
Most researchers search for genetic causes of disorders by first establishing A. the concordance rate. B. that the disorder shows a distinct pattern of family inheritance. C. the concordance rate between monozygotic and dizygotic twins. D. genetic markers.
B. that the disorder shows a distinct pattern of family inheritance.
Carla's mother was just diagnosed with cancer. Prior to her mom's diagnosis, Carla had never known anyone in her personal life diagnosed with cancer and thus didn't think it would happen to her family. This is an example of A. being young. B. the "other people" syndrome. C. a lack of education in cancer prevalence. D. abnormal behavior.
B. the "other people" syndrome
The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test was first developed in A. the late 1800s. B. the early 1900s. C. right around World War II. D. just after the turn of the 21st century.
B. the early 1900s.
Researchers have found that using flash cards is a better study method than highlighting key terms in a textbook. In this example, the independent variable is A. test scores. B. the study method. C. both test scores and the study method. D. neither test scores nor the study method.
B. the study method.
What year was "The Mental Retardation Facilities and Community Mental Health Center Construction Act" passed? A. 1887 B. 1905 C. 1963 D. 1976
C. 1963
Which of the following is considered a psychological cause of abnormality? A. Breaking up with a significant other B. An overactive pituitary gland C. Associating certain feelings with specific events such as believing that one is worthless if you fail a test D. Being abused as a child
C. Associating certain feelings with specific events such as believing that one is worthless if you fail a test
Alika is allergic to grass. Whenever he would sit on the grass, his skin would break out in hives that made him feel very itchy. Now, if you just say the word "grass" to him, he starts to feel itchy. In this example, the word "grass" is a(n) A. UCS. B. UCR. C. CS. D. CR.
C. CS.
Your roommate becomes depressed after he learns that his significant other has been cheating on him. He skips class for the next week. His behavior would fall under which category of abnormal behavior? A. Physically damaging B. Lost touch with reality C. Interferes with ability to function D. All of these
C. Interferes with ability to function
In the collaborative process of psychotherapy, in which of the activities does the client NOT engage? A. It is largely up to the client to describe and identify the nature of his or her disorder. B. It is largely up to the client to describe personal reactions as treatment progresses. C. It is largely up to the client to determine which therapeutic intervention would be most effective. D. It is largely up to the client to initiate and follow through on changes.
C. It is largely up to the client to determine which therapeutic intervention would be most effective.
Which theorist believed that the unconscious is formed at its very root around a set of images common to all human experience? A. Moniz B. Freud C. Jung D. Adler
C. Jung
Which of the following neuroimaging methods allows researchers to obtain images of the brain using radiowaves? A. Electroencephalogram B. Computed axial tomography C. Magnetic resonance imaging D. Positron emission tomography
C. Magnetic resonance imaging
Which of these therapeutic styles is limited to certain treatment settings, such as in-patient hospitals? A. Family therapy B. Group therapy C. Milieu therapy D. Multicultural approach
C. Milieu therapy
Which characteristic of an assessment is NOT a typical feature of a behavioral self-report? A. Targeted behavior B. Antecedents of the behavior C. Personality inventory D. Consequences of the behavior
C. Personality inventory
Participants are given an inert substance or treatment that is similar in all other ways to the experimental treatment. What is this substance or treatment called? A. Single blind B. Double blind C. Placebo D. Treatment
C. Placebo
Which of the following structures contains the personality's "seat of morality"? A. Id B. Ego C. Superego D. Libido
C. Superego
What is adaptive testing? A. Testing that is used with physically disabled clients B. Testing that is used with mentally disabled clients C. Testing that changes based upon client's responses to questions D. Testing that has changed over the years due to multicultural assessment
C. Testing that changes based upon client's responses to questions
Which of the following is the LEAST formal version of the clinical interview? A. The Stanford-Binet B. The structured interview C. The unstructured interview D. The mental status examination
C. The unstructured interview
What is the first immediate step in treating clients in crisis? A. Fundamental alterations in the client's personality and relationships B. To achieve complete recovery C. To ensure that symptoms are managed, particularly if clients are a risk to themselves or others D. To discontinue any medication
C. To ensure that symptoms are managed, particularly if clients are a risk to themselves or others
Which of the following is a neuropsychological assessment device? A. EEG B. PET scan C. WCST D. SCL-90
C. WCST
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy focuses on changing A. maladaptive thoughts. B. maladaptive behaviors. C. both of these D. neither of these
C. both of these
Ideally, studies of the effectiveness of various therapeutic treatments should include a A. case study. B. correlational variable. C. control group. D. single-case design.
C. control group.
People who have parents with depression are tested to see if they have also have symptoms of depression. This is an example of a(n) _______________ design. A. experimental B. quasi-experimental C. correlational D. single-subject
C. correlational
Corey was fired from his job today. When he came home, he yelled at his wife for forgetting to run the dishwasher. Corey is _________ his anger toward his boss onto his wife. A. repressing B. projecting C. displacing D. rationalizing
C. displacing
The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test is a measure of A. intelligence. B. personality. C. executive function. D. mood and affect.
C. executive function.
Hippocrates believed there were ______ important bodily fluids that influenced physical and mental health. A. two B. three C. four D. five
C. four
After reading that aerobic exercise increases memory performance in older adults, Hilda wonders if lifting weights would have the same effect. Hilda has generated a(n) A. dependent variable. B. independent variable. C. hypothesis. D. validation.
C. hypothesis.
The publisher of an intelligence test is re-evaluating its assessment to make sure that they have minimized the use of metaphors that non-native speakers might not understand. This is an example of A. neuropsychological assessment. B. behavioral self-report. C. multicultural assessment. D. self-monitoring.
C. multicultural assessment.
Matt believes that one good pair of shoes is all a person really needs. Matt has blond hair and one pair of shoes. Ellen believes that a person needs a good pair of running shoes, a pair of dress shoes, and a pair of slippers. Ellen has black hair and three pair of shoes. Imelda believes that the more shoes you own, the better! Imelda has brown hair and 79 pairs of shoes. In this example, hair darkness and number of shoes a person owns are ___________ correlated. A. positively B. negatively C. not
C. not
Which of the following is not a "Big Five" personality factor? A. conscientiousness B. agreeableness C. perfectionism D. extraversion
C. perfectionism
The observed and measurable characteristics that result from the combination of environmental and genetic influences is known as your A. genotype. B. allele. C. phenotype. D. neurotransmitter.
C. phenotype.
Ghost sickness, a culture-bound syndrome, is a(n) A. hypersensitivity to thoughts of death and the deceased. B. acute episode marked by dissociation and paranoia that may occur following death. C. preoccupation with death that is reported by members of Native American tribes. D. preoccupation with death that is reported by Europeans.
C. preoccupation with death that is reported by members of Native American tribes.
There is a strong negative correlation between smoking while pregnant and the birth weight of the baby. This means that A. smoking causes babies to weigh less at birth. B. smoking is bad for you and your baby, especially when you are pregnant. C. smoking while pregnant can reduce the birth weight of your baby. D. none of these
C. smoking while pregnant can reduce the birth weight of your baby.
When a test is being developed, it is given to a large group of people who serve as the representative sample to which all future examinees are compared. This group is called the ____________________ group. A. reference B. validity C. standardization D. reliability
C. standardization
Positive reinforcement ____________ and negative reinforcement ________________. A. is pleasant; is unpleasant B. encourages good behavior; punishes bad behavior C. strengthens behavior by adding a stimulus; strengthens behavior by removing a stimulus D. strengthens behavior by adding a stimulus; weakens behavior by removing a stimulus
C. strengthens behavior by adding a stimulus; strengthens behavior by removing a stimulus
A teacher believes that her students will perform better on a test if they receive extra feedback on their homework. To test this idea, she randomly assigns half of her students to get extra feedback. At the end of the semester, she compares the scores of the students who received extra feedback with those who received a normal amount of feedback. In this example, the dependent variable is A. extra feedback. B. homework. C. test scores. D. students.
C. test scores.
Demand characteristics can be controlled in an experimental study by using A. an independent variable. B. a dependant variable. C. the double-blind technique. D. a placebo condition.
C. the double-blind technique.
Dr. Humor wonders if knock-knock jokes are funnier than jokes involving "crossing the road." He has several people tell participants a series of both types of jokes and has the participants rate how funny they believe each joke to be. In this example, the dependent variable is A. the type of joke. B. the order of the presentation of the jokes. C. the participants' humor ratings. D. the person telling the jokes.
C. the participants' humor ratings.
The ______ is a series of open-ended questions which seeks information about the client's symptoms, family background, life history, and reasons for coming into therapy. A. TAT B. MMPI-2 C. unstructured interview D. SCID-II
C. unstructured interview
For several days, Joe has been crying periodically and has had difficulty sleeping and eating. His behavior A. would definitely be considered normal. B. would definitely be considered abnormal. C. would be difficult to categorize as normal or abnormal without knowing the cause of his behavior. D. is not relevant to a judgment of normality/abnormality.
C. would be difficult to categorize as normal or abnormal without knowing the cause of his behavior.
The Stanford-Binet and the Wechsler tests produce an overall IQ score based on an age-normed mean of ______ and a standard deviation of _____. A. 50; 10 B. 10; 50 C. 15; 100 D. 100; 15
D. 100; 15
Which of the following are TRUE about defense mechanisms? A. They can distort reality. B. They can help us adapt to societal expectations. C. They can reduce anxiety. D. All of the answers are true.
D. All of the answers are true.
While therapy is usually effective and the majority of treatments do result in significant improvements, clients may alter the outcome of treatment by A. being unable to financially afford the recommended treatment that they need to succeed. B. refusing to participate in the treatment. C. having life events like moving or losing their job, which impact their consistent participation in therapy. D. All of these are correct.
D. All of these are correct.
Which of the following elements would be formally evaluated in a psychological assessment? A. An individual's cognitive functioning B. An individual's personality functioning C. An individual's psychosocial functioning D. All of these elements would be included
D. All of these elements would be included
Which of the following scenarios contains all of the elements of secure attachment? A.Amelia plays with her doll while her mother sits next to her and reads a book. B. Alika chases a ball around the room while his father sits at the table and talks on the phone. When his father gets up to leave, Alika tries to stop him and cries when his father leaves. When his father returns, Alika is angry and won't look at his father for the rest of the afternoon. C. Alicia is building a tent out of small tables and blankets, while her mother and father watch a movie in the same room. She keeps knocking over the tables and making a lot of noise, so her parents scold her over and over. Finally, she starts to cry. D. Anthony is building a space station out of building blocks, while his stepmother sits near him and gazes out the window. When she gets up and leaves to see what the neighbor is doing, Anthony starts to cry. When she comes back, he reaches out for a hug.
D. Anthony is building a space station out of building blocks, while his stepmother sits near him and gazes out the window. When she gets up and leaves to see what the neighbor is doing, Anthony starts to cry. When she comes back, he reaches out for a hug.
A child sees her lunch box and then feels hunger pangs. In this example, the hunger pangs are a(n) A. UCS. B. UCR. C. CS. D. CR.
D. CR.
In a PET scan, what colors represent higher levels of brain activity? A. A lack of color/white B. Colors on the blue-green-violet end of the spectrum C. Colors that approximate yellow D. Colors on the red end of the spectrum
D. Colors on the red end of the spectrum
Which of the following content areas would not be typically covered during a clinical interview? A. Reason for referral B. Family history C. Insurance coverage D. Current medications
D. Current medications
Which of the following categories of drugs is not considered to be a psychotherapeutic agent? A. Stimulants B. Anticonvulsants C. Antidepressants D. Hallucinogens
D. Hallucinogens
What is comorbidity? A. The ruling out of alternative diagnoses B. How likely an individual will recover from a specific disorder C. The disorder most closely aligned with the reason an individual is seeking help D. Having two or more disorders at the same time
D. Having two or more disorders at the same timeWhat is the first immediate step in treating clients in crisis?
Which of the following degrees cannot serve as a clinician? A. PhD B. PsyD C. EdD D. JD
D. JD
The predominant trait theory, the Five Factor Model, includes five factors that spell out the acronym A. LOVER. B. OBOES. C. PORCH. D. OCEAN.
D. OCEAN.
The previous multiaxial system found in earlier editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) included which of the following dimensions? A. Personality disorders B. General medical conditions C. Psychological disorders D. Personality disorders, general medical conditions, and psychological disorders
D. Personality disorders, general medical conditions, and psychological disorders
According to current thinking, which of the following best characterizes the causes of abnormal behavior? A. Disturbances in physical functioning B. Traumatic psychological experiences C. Troubled relationships D. Psychological, biological, and sociocultural factors
D. Psychological, biological, and sociocultural factors
Which of the following scales is not included as part of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test? A. Fluid reasoning B. Quantitative reasoning C. Working memory D. Semantic memory
D. Semantic memory
Which of the following statements about projective personality tests is FALSE? A. The Rorschach Inkblot Test is the most famous projective personality test. B. While taking projective tests may be easy, scoring them can be quite difficult. C. Projective personality testing involves asking the test-taker questions about an ambiguous item. D. The TAT and the Rorschach Inkblot Test present test-takers with essentially the same task.
D. The TAT and the Rorschach Inkblot Test present test-takers with essentially the same task.
Which of the following fields of abnormal psychology stresses the potential for growth and change throughout an individual's life? A. Psychoanalysis B. Behaviorism C. Rational-emotive therapy D. The positive psychology movement
D. The positive psychology movement
Which of the following tests was designed to assess the strength of different types of motivations, such as the need to achieve, without asking respondents directly about these needs? A. Projective needs test B. MMPI-2 C. Personality assessment inventory D. Thematic Apperception Test
D. Thematic Apperception Test
Research has demonstrated a positive correlation between the number of hours of violent television watched and the amount of aggression in children. Based on these findings and what we know about correlational research, we can conclude that A. watching violent television leads to aggression. B. aggressive children mimic the violence they see on television shows. C. parents who allow their children to view violent television are indirectly encouraging aggressive behavior. D. We cannot conclude any of the above.
D. We cannot conclude any of the above.
The Rorschach Inkblot test is an example of A. a structured interview. B. a self-report clinical inventory. C. an objective personality test. D. a projective personality test.
D. a projective personality test.
Following training, clinical psychologists are qualified to A. administer medication and conduct medical research. B. administer medication and psychological treatment. C. administer psychological treatment under the supervision of a medical doctor. D. administer psychological treatment and conduct psychological research.
D. administer psychological treatment and conduct psychological research.
Which of the following is an example of operant conditioning? A. getting an allowance after completing chores B. getting spanked for running in the street C. getting relief from pain after taking an aspirin D. all of the these
D. all of the these
The term "client" is preferred over the term "patient" because A. "patient" tends to refer to someone who is ill. B. "patient" tends to refer to someone who is passive. C. "client" reflects the fact that psychotherapy is a collaborative endeavor. D. all of these are correct
D. all of these are correct
A schizophrenic patient refuses to leave his home because he claims that the government is monitoring his thoughts using tiny microwave transmitters hidden inside traffic signals. This behavior would be considered evidence of A. loss of touch with reality. B. interference with the ability to function. C. neither of these. D. both of these.
D. both of these.
Jake has found a correlation between the amount of time he spends exercising every day and the number of hours he sleeps at night. The more he exercises, the longer he sleeps. However, his psychology instructor explained to him that correlation does not mean causation. This means that A. the correlation isn't real because they can't explain why it is happening. B. sleep doesn't cause the exercise. C. exercise doesn't cause the sleep. D. by itself, the correlation doesn't say if more exercise causes longer sleep.
D. by itself, the correlation doesn't say if more exercise causes longer sleep.
Which of the following terms refers to the fact that a client's behavior involves a measurable degree of impairment? A. risk of death B. deviance C. suicidality D. clinical significance
D. clinical significance
While doing laundry, Michelle found several old receipts for hotel rooms, flowers, and expensive gifts in her husband's pants pockets. Michelle is still convinced that her husband is not having an affair. Which defense mechanism is Michelle using to minimize her anxiety? A. displacement B. regression C. rationalization D. denial
D. denial
Children taking the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test receive a ______ intelligence score. A. population B. parallel C. full scale D. deviation
D. deviation
Historically, the ______ view explained psychological disorders as the result of cruelty, stress, or poor living conditions. A. spiritual B. scientific C. biological D. humanitarian
D. humanitarian
Many clinicians use Rorschach inkblots to try to understand all of the following EXCEPT A. motivation. B. personality. C. perceptions. D. intelligence.
D. intelligence
Behavior is considered abnormal when A. it deviates from socially acceptable behavior. B. it causes an individual distress. C. it reduces an individual's ability to function. D. it involves all of these descriptions.
D. it involves all of these descriptions.
John lost his wallet. He hopes it is somewhere in his bedroom. He has searched for it but the room is so messy he hasn't found it and can't be sure it is there. If John stops leaving his room in a mess in the future, then losing his wallet has functioned as a A. positive reinforcement. B. negative reinforcement. C. positive punishment. D. negative punishment.
D. negative punishment.
The dependent variable causes a change in the ________________. A. ndependent variable B. scores C. hypothesis D. none of the these
D. none of the these
A person high in ____________ might try skydiving or bungee jumping. A. agreeableness B. neuroticism C. extraversion D. openness to experience
D. openness to experience
Dr. Rodriguez shows his client with a phobia of riding in elevators how he would like her to push the elevator button and then step into the elevator. He performs this action for her and then asks her to do it with him. Dr. Rodriguez's behavior is an example of A. contingency management. B. systematic desensitization. C. counterconditioning. D. participant modeling.
D. participant modeling.
IQ tests are used for all of the following purposes EXCEPT A. overall cognitive evaluation. B. diagnosis of learning disabilities. C. personnel selection to evaluate potential employees. D. screening for alcoholism.
D. screening for alcoholism.
Two-year-old Nick cries whenever he sees his father leave the room. His parents have come to you for help. You tell them A. they are right to be concerned. Children should feel securely attached and not be afraid when a parent leaves the room. B. they are right to be concerned. This crying behavior is not appropriate for boys. C. they do not need to be concerned. This crying behavior is normal in a child who is securely attached. D. they may not need to be concerned, but you need more information in order to advise them.
D. they may not need to be concerned, but you need more information in order to advise them.