ACE Security Training

1. Why was the Millennium bomber defeated?

"Not on my watch!" CBP officer Dean

1. What were the departure points of the 4 aircraft on 9/11?

2 from Boston, Newark & Dulles.

1. What is the story of the Yemen Air Cargo bomb plot?

2010- 2 ink cartridges containing explosives placed on 2 cargo aircraft departing Yemen. Failed to detonate before being discovered.

1. What was the result of the second LAX active shooting in which a TSA officer was killed?

2013 Congress moves to require Active Shooter plans for airports.

1. What security procedure did the liquid bomb plot cause?

3-1-1 rule. 2006 U.K. discovered plot to destroy US aircraft on UK-US routes. 3.4 oz of liquid in 1 container per passenger, in a single quart bag.

1. What is the difference between the A-ISAC and the HSIN?

A-ISAC is private agency. HSIN is a government agency.

1. What is the significant difference between an ASC and AOSC?

ACS works for the Airport and the AOSC works for the Airline. (Scope of activity differs)

1. What was Canada's "9/11" and what program did it initiate internationally?

Air India flight 182 in 1985. Bomb killed 359 passengers & crew off Irish coast. ICAO mandates Positive Bag Match.

1. Related to airports and air carriers, what is the authority of the Federal Security Director?

Approve the Airport Security Plan (ASP)

1. What early controversial anti-hijacking security measure was reborn after 9/11.

Armed pilots. 2001 Pilots authorized to carry guns.

1. Why is 95% important to your badging staff?

Badge accountability

1. What security procedure did the LaGuardia bombing cause?

Bomb concealed in public lockers lead to their use restricted to Sterile Area.

1. What happened with Pan Am 103?

Bomb killed 270 passengers, crew & citizens in Lockerbie Scotland. Positive Bag Match mandated but NOT performed.

1. Who was the first pilot to be hijacked?

Byron Rickards hijacked in Lima Peru in 1931. Again, Hijacked in El Paso in 1961.

1. 1. What is Secure and Flight?

Checks of No-fly and Selectee list upon booking. Compares Passenger Name Record (PNR) with Terrorist Screening Database.

1. What was the strategy?

Compliance with Hijackers.

1. What is Opt Out (i.e. the Screening Partnership Program?)

Contract staffed used instead of TSA. Still managed by TSA.

1. What were the lessons of D.B. Cooper?

Copy what works. 20 similar attempts after this

1. What is the primary method of "screening" airport employees at most US airports?

Credentialing.

1. What are new forms of attack in aviation that we've not really seen yet?

Drones & Cyber.

1. What is the role of aviation the GSC?

Ensures compliance with security requirements at the operational level for each flight or set of flights while on the ground.

1. What is ICAO's role? What are their "regulations" called? What is their guidance called?

Ensures uniformity in aviation regulations and practices throughout the world. Regulations are called Annex. Guidance is called Standards and Recommended Practices.

1. What are the primary forms of biometrics at airports today?

Fingerprint scanner

1. What has TSA published in regards to General Aviation airport security?

Guidance (not regulated by TSA)

1. Where is the secured area and how must access be controlled?

Immediately around passenger aircraft and it is controlled by way of A.D.D. (allow, deny, and differentiate)

1. What action must the ASC take for any instance of non-compliance with the Airport Security Program (ASP)?

Immediately initiate corrective action.

What is al-Qaeda's propaganda magazine

Inspire Magazine

1. What were the early motivations for airline bombings?

Insurance and Money

1. What started the K-9 program?

JFK Bomb threat 1972 - American Airlines called local K-9 explosive detection and discovered a bomb.

1. What weapons were the hijackers known to use?

Knives & Box cutters.

1. Describe the "traditional" hijacking?

Land & negotiate.

1. What organization publishes industry research and best practices?

National Safe Skies

1. What has been the general impact of surface-to-air missile attacks on aircraft?

Negligible vulnerability assessment.

1. What happened to the 9/11 system for aircraft?

Nothing (no action taken)

1. What are the limitations of the Transportation Security Officer?

Only perform Screening and Document check.

5. What was unique about the Ramzi Yousef plot?

Operation Bojinka 1994 - 1st liquid-based explosive (Bomb making facility accidently blew up).

1. What was the difference between the response at the World Trade Center vs the Pentagon?

Organization & communication.

1. What is the ASC's responsibility to Airport badging?

Perform the Credentialing process. Review notifications from individuals applying for unescorted access. Seek correction of criminal history record.

1. What is the ASAC and what significant security measure did they recommend?

Provide advice to TSA (employee inspection)

1. What is the role of the Field Intelligence Officer?

Provide intelligence to the Federal Security Director (FSD).

1. What is the document you would need to use to update your access control or identity management system?

Radio Technical Commission on Aeronautics (RTCA) · Credentialing and biometrics (identity management) · Physical Access Control Systems (PACS) · Perimeter Intrusion Detection Systems (PIDS) · Video Surveillance Systems · Security Operations Centers (SOC) and integration · Communications Infrastructure

1. What is the document that addresses security design at airports?

Recommended Security Guidelines

1. What types of attacks does the passenger and carry-on bag screening process deter or prevent?

Reduce & deter Bombings & Hijackings.

1. What types of attacks does the air cargo screening process deter or prevent?

Reduce & deter aircraft bombings.

1. What is TWIC and why don't ASC's support it?

Reluctant to use it due to a lack of knowledge about the TWIC Background check.

1. What are the requirements of the SIDA?

Required to display your ID.

1. Where is the Air Operations Area and how is access controlled?

Runway, taxiway, and apron. Controlled through accountability measures

1. Why is it important for airport operations personnel to be trained in the Airport Security Program?

So they can properly enforce the ASP

1. Who contracts the screeners in the ops-out program?

TSA

1. What is Transportation Security Operations Center (TSOC) and what do they do?

TSA watch center (Monitor transportation security)

1. What's a method to stay informed about what TSA is doing?

TSA/DHS Notifications

1. What security procedure did Richard Reid cause?

Take off your shoes at screening. 2001 attempted to blow up American Airlines flight 63 with shoe bomb.

1. How do each of the biometrics work?

Takes a picture and measures to a known database

4. What does the Transportation Security Laboratory do?

Test Explosives and weapons.

1. What does the Transportation Security Integration Facility do?

Test detection technology

1. Who is the ASC required to maintain liaison with?

The Airline Station Manager

1. Which entity is responsible for perimeter security?

The Airport Operator

1. Who is the designated primary POC for TSA to the airport operator?

The Airport Security Coordinator (ASC)

1. Who writes the Airport Security Program?

The Airport Security Coordinator (ASC)

1. What is the TSA's main guiding document for an ASC?

The Airport Security Program (ASP)

Where is the Sterile Area and how is access controlled

The Sterile area is beyond the screening checkpoint. It is controlled through screening checkpoints and Airport operator Badging system.

1. What is important to remember about airline hijackings?

They still occur.

1. Why was TSA moved under the Dept of Homeland Security?

Too closely affiliated (Agency capture)

1. What does a TSSE (bomb appraisal officer) do and what are their limitations?

Transportation Security Specialist Explosive - Reconcile suspicious bags or items. (Can't disarm IED's only confirm that they are real)

1. Precheck is the manifestation of what ATSA required program?

Trusted Travler

1. What is the recent history of the Canine Explosives Detection Program?

Use of K-9 at checkpoints and less in Cargo

1. What are the key terminal security measures?

Visible Law Enforcement

1. Who does the ASC work for, and what are their primary responsibilities?

Works for the Airport Operator. Writes and enforces the Airport Security Program.

1. What two non-aviation bombings affected airport security?

World Trade Center 1993 & Oklahoma City 1995

1. CHRC's are not required for __?

· 1544 Air Carriers (CHRC done by Air Carrier)

1. What are the alternate forms of personnel ID?

· Air Carrier Badge · FAA ID · Military ID · TSA ID

1. What are the primary relationships for an ACS?

· Airport Director · Airport Police · Federal Security Director · FBI Airport Liaison Agent · TSA Inspector · Air Carrier Managers · Contract Security Director · Airport Operations

1. Explain the categories of Airport users (i.e. tenants, etc...)

· Airport Tenants · Aircraft operators · Contractor (usually sponsored by tenants or airport or aircraft operators) · Vendors (usually sponsored by tenants or airport or aircraft operators) · Federal, state, or local government entities

1. What are the requirements for the airport to resolve an alarm on a secured area door?

· Alarm notification and response procedures. · Conduct a sweep of area. Train Security Operations personnel in proper alarm response

1. Besides, prevent, detect and respond what are the additional requirements of the Secured Area access control system?

· Allow, Deny, Differentiate · Electronic or other record of entry (stop list). · Limit access to only those necessary. · Ensure access authority is in writing. · Change lock combos if compromised.

1. What is the role of the trusted agent?

· Badging office employee

1. What is the process for obtaining an airport badge?

· Clearing STA/CHRC background checks

1. What's the difference between Contingency Plans and Incident Management Plans in the ASP?

· Contingency Plans are proactive measures. · Incident Plans are reactive measures.

1. What are the basic security area principles?

· Control access to Security Areas · Ensure passenger flow, landside-airside-landside. · Provide visible separation of security areas (signs, markings) · Identify and protect vulnerable areas (usually around passenger aircraft but other areas as typically identified in a security vulnerability assessment. · Terminal blast mitigation and public area security concerns · Protect planes, passengers, baggage, and cargo. · Accommodate screening equipment and other technologies.

1. What are the three key terms related to alternate access controls?

· Demonstrate an operational need. · Equal or greater level of security · Explain use of any barriers (technological, physical...) · Explain Detect, Delay and Response (DDR)

1. What is an EAA and an ATSP and when do they apply?

· EAA - Exclusive area agreement is any portion of a Secured area, AOA or SIDA including individual access points for which an aircraft operator or foreign air carrier that has a security program under 1544 of 1546. · ATSP - Airport tenant security program is an area specified in and agreement between the airport operator and an airport tenant that specifies the measure by which the tenant will perform specified security functions authorized by TSA under 1542.

1. What were the key failures noted by the 9/11 Commission?

· Focus on bombers, not hijackers (Due to Pan Am 103) · Sloppy checkpoint procedures; permissive rules · No inflight security measures or air marshals · Strategy of compliance with hijackers · Lack of coordinated response to multiple hijackings and suicidal hijackers

1. What are the primary in-flight security measures?

· Hardened flight deck doors · CCTV monitoring of the cabin · Flight crew trained in self-defense. · Passenger intervention · Secondary flight deck protection* (Too costly for Airlines) · Federal Flight Deck Officer Program (only deals with threats to the flight deck)

1. How does voluntary disclosure work?

· Immediate notification to TSA · The action was inadvertent. · It was fixed right away. · A corrective plan implemented. Written report to TSA within 10-days

1. What is the TSA Enforcement Process?

· Letter of investigation (L.O.I.) · Fines up to > $13,000 per occurrence · Individuals can also be charges with civil penalties.

1. What are the major types of violations?

· Loaning · Falsifying or altering Airport ID badge or misusing · Bypassing Security · Interfering with Security Personnel or the Security process · Blocking a door or gate · Allowing unauthorized access · Piggybacking or Tailgating

1. What are the 4 categories of Perimeter intrusions Detection Systems at airports and the basic theory of operation for each?

· Microwave sensors - also known as Radar, RF or Doppler sensors, detect walking, running or crawling human targets in an outdoor environment. · Photo-Electric transceivers - rely on sensor uses pulsed infrared beams that are designed to activate an alarm when two beams are simultaneous blocked. · Ground based radar - is based on a radio wave or microwave transmitter and receiver that sends out a signal and translates the return energy into range, speed, altitude, direction of travel and velocity. · Buried and seismic sensors - include an optic cable, leaky coax, pressure tubes, geophones and seismic sensors, which are buried in the ground and generate an alert based on pressure. · *Laser Sensors - are one of the most highly used sensors to ensure perimeter security. Instead of a focused beam, laser sensors fan out to cover a large area and con be combnined with a perimeter fence, and / or CCTV.

1. What are the 4 types of authorized barriers? Give examples. · Physical

· Physical · Natural · Electronic · Access points (Doors & gates)

1. What is a Terrorism Liaison Officer?

· Public safety official · Is provided terrorism training and information. · Brings intelligence & information back to their workplace for dissemination.

1. What is an Authorized Signer (i.e. Signatory, Agent...)

· Request the issuance of an ID badge. · Ass, or alter, the company's or individual's level of access authority.

1. What is the role of the airport police?

· Respond to screening checkpoints · Patrol and support the ASP · Respond to incidents of unlawful interference with aircraft. · Visible and active deterrence · Response to crime and terrorism

1. What areas are employees required to be trained in, related to airport security?

· Security ID Display Areas (SIDA)

1. What is the authority of an Authorized Signer?

· Sign their name on each individual badge application. · Act as the primary POC regarding security.

1. What were the key changes made by the Aviation and Transportation Security Act of 2001?

· TSA created. · TSA takes over screening. · TSA takes over security from FAA. · Federal Security Director (FSD) created. · Federal Air Marshals renewed and reinforced. · Screen all carry on and passengers. · Screen all checked bags. · Screen all cargo. · Criminal History record checks - all employees. · Reinforced cockpit doors. · Security programs for aircraft +12,500 lbs. Passenger manifests to TSA prior to arrival

1. Why are air carriers separated from other airport tenants?

· They have their own security regulations, 1544 or 1546.

1. What are the vehicle security requirements for operating on the airfield?

· Use consecutive numbering on decals or stickers. · Signs should be required on either side of the vehicle. · Decals should be reissued annually. · Expiration dates displayed PROMINENTLY. · Indicate access via color, numbering, etc. · Limit to specific access points.

What are the consequences for an employee who violates the Airport Security Program

· Violation Notice · Hearing · Re-training · Fines $ · Revoke/Suspend ID Badge

1. What is the airport's primary method of enforcing the ASP, related to employee compliance?

· Violation Notice Program

1. What can an airport operator do if they want to extend the 10-year period on the disqualifying offenses?

· Write it into the Airport Security Program (ASP)

1. What are the primary job duties of the ASC?

· Writes the Airport Security Program (ASP) · 24/7 Contact with TSA · Access control and Credentialing · Writes contingency & incident management. · Ensures police response.