Aemt exam 2

What is the cardiac output of a person with a stroke volume of 60 mL and a heart rate of 90 beats/min?

5.4 L

On which of the following patients should you perform a rapid trauma assessment (rapid scan)?

A 38-year-old male who was wearing a helmet while involved in a motorcycle crash.

A person with type A+ blood could receive which of the following blood types?

A+

As an electrical impulse travels down the electrical conduction system, it transiently slows at the:

AV node.

Which of the following actions would you NOT perform during the scene size-up?

Assess a patient's breathing effort.

Which of the following injuries would the front seat passenger LEAST likely sustain when the front end of a car strikes a bridge pillar?

Chest

What occurs during the initial phase of hemostasis?

Local vasoconstriction and platelet activation occur.

What are the functions of the pancreas?

Production of insulin and certain enzymes that aid in digestion.

The heart's primary pacemaker, which is located in the right atrium, is the:

SA node.

Which of the following statements regarding subcutaneous injections is correct?

Subcutaneous injections are usually given with a 24-gauge to 26-gauge needle

You are assessing the quality of a trauma patient's respirations. Which of the following clinical findings would indicate labored breathing?

Supraclavicular retractions

Which of the following statements regarding toddlers and preschoolers is correct?

Toddlers and preschoolers commonly experience upper respiratory infections because of a loss of passive immunity.

Which layer of the blood vessel wall is composed of elastic tissue and smooth muscle cells?

Tunica media

Age-related changes in the renal system result in:

a decreased ability to clear wastes from the body and a decreased ability to conserve fluids when needed.

Changes in sleep patterns experienced by elderly patients is mostly caused by:

a loss of neurons in the brain.

The term "bolus" is defined as:

administering a drug in one mass of volume.

The sympathetic nervous system is also known as the:

adrenergic nervous system.

When communicating with an older patient, it is important to remember that:

age-related changes diminish the effectiveness of the eyes and ears.

Tidal volume minus dead space volume is called:

alveolar ventilation.

You respond to a residence for an 82-year-old female who, according to her daughter, is "not herself today." The patient is conscious, but confused, and has slurred speech. Her medical history is significant for hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, hypothyroidism, and several strokes. The daughter hands your partner a list of her mother's medications, which is extensive. In addition to administering supplemental oxygen, you should:

assess her blood glucose level and administer dextrose if needed.

The condition in which the alveoli collapse is called:

atelectasis.

A 49-year-old male collapsed and is now unresponsive. There is no evidence of trauma. Your primary assessment reveals that he is pulseless and apneic. You should:

begin CPR and apply the AED as soon as it is available.

Neonates are defined as children:

between birth and 1 month of age.

The adrenal cortex, a portion of the adrenal gland, produces:

corticosteroids.

A young male is found to be unconscious. When assessing his pupils, you note that they dilate when exposed to bright light. This clinical finding is MOST suggestive of:

depressed brain function.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide pass across the alveocapillary membrane through a process called:

diffusion.

Breathing is often more labor intensive in older adults because the:

elasticity of the lungs decreases.

Substances that become charged particles when they disassociate in water are called:

electrolytes

If you have an epinephrine concentration of 0.1 mg/mL, how many milligrams would be present in 5 mL?

0.5 mg

By the end of the first year of life, a child's tidal volume typically ranges between:

10 and 15 mL/kg.

At what age does separation anxiety typically peak in infants and small children?

10 to 18 months

How many grams are present in 25 mL of 50% dextrose (D50)?

12.5 g

The human body should be functioning at its optimal level between the ages of:

19 and 25 years.

How many pounds does a 90-kg patient weigh?

198 lb

Which of the following situations would MOST likely require additional personnel or resources at the scene?

40-year-old male with an apparent self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head

A 68-year-old female with unstable bradycardia requires 0.5 mg of atropine. Your paramedic partner opens a prefilled syringe of atropine containing 1 mg/10mL. How many milliliters should be administered to the patient?

5 ml

You are transporting a critically-injured patient to a trauma center located 30 minutes away from the scene. At a minimum, how many times should you reassess the patient's vital signs during transport?

6

At present, the average life expectancy is _____ years, while the maximum life expectancy is estimated at _____ years.

78, 120

The anterior fontanelle fuses together between the ages of:

9 and 18 months.

Which of the following statements regarding middle adults is correct?

Cardiovascular health becomes an issue in this age group, as does the greater incidence of cancer.

Which of the following is a major anion in the body?

Chloride

What body system is comprised of various glands located throughout the body?

Endocrine system

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

Filtration of debris and bacteria from the blood.

Which of the following questions would allow you to assess the "P" in the SAMPLE history?

Has this ever happened to you before?

A 50-year-old patient complains of abdominal muscle cramps and spasms of his hands. Which of the following electrolyte disturbances does this patient MOST likely have?

Hypocalcemia

Which of the following steps for drawing medication from a vial is NOT necessary when drawing medication from an ampule?

Injecting air into the container before withdrawing the drug.

Which of the following statements regarding age-related changes in the nervous system is correct?

Interconnections between brain cells often prevent a loss of knowledge or skill, despite a loss of neurons.

Which of the following routes is the quickest for getting medication into the central circulation?

Intravenous

What protective function does the Hering-Breuer reflex serve?

It prevents overexpansion of the lungs.

What is the function of a baroreceptor?

Monitoring changes in arterial pressure.

Which layer of the heart would be penetrated during an emergent medical procedure in order to remove fluid?

Pericardium

Which of the following conditions may slow a person's capillary refill time?

Peripheral vasoconstriction

A pH of 7.30 indicates:

acidosis

In preconventional reasoning, children:

act almost purely to avoid punishment and to get what they want.

After inserting the needle into the injection port of a saline lock, you pull back on the plunger and observe blood return in the syringe. You should next:

administer the medication and observe for infiltration.

A breakable glass container that is designed to carry a single medication dose is called a/an:

ampule

A 30-year-old male was ejected from his car after hitting a tree at a high rate of speed. Your assessment reveals that he is pulseless, apneic, and has multiple systems trauma. Treatment for this patient includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

applying an AED and defibrillating if indicated.

After the aorta arises from the left ventricle, it first:

ascends and branches into the coronary arteries.

The decline in cardiac function that commonly occurs in late adulthood is largely related to:

atherosclerosis.

Your primary assessment of a 32-year-old male reveals that he is semiconscious and is breathing at a slow rate with shallow movement of the chest. You should:

begin assisting his ventilations.

An infant's blood pressure typically increases with age because:

blood pressure directly corresponds to body weight.

The renin-angiotensin system in the kidneys helps to regulate:

blood pressure.

Law enforcement requests your assistance at a local nightclub for a patient who was assaulted. Upon arrival, an officer escorts you to the patient, a 21-year-old male, who is bleeding severely from a lacerated brachial artery. The patient is conscious and is screaming in pain. You should immediately:

control the bleeding with direct pressure.

The portion of the tidal volume that does not participate in pulmonary gas exchange is called:

dead space air.

Why does the incidence of diabetes mellitus increase with age?

decreased physical activity, increased weight gain, and decreased insulin production

The aorta divides into the two common iliac arteries at the level of the:

fifth lumbar vertebra.

A potential complication of intraosseous infusion is compartment syndrome. This occurs when:

fluid leaks out of the bone and into the osteofascial compartment.

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs by a process of diffusion, in which:

gas moves from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Assessment of a patient's pelvis is appropriately performed by:

gently compressing it inward.

Following the primary assessment, the MOST appropriate order to proceed when treating a responsive medical patient is:

history of present illness, SAMPLE history, focused physical exam, baseline vital signs. CorrectCorrect

When performing the primary assessment of a patient, your goal is to:

identify and treat immediate life-threatening injuries or conditions.

Physical changes that typically occur in early adults include an:

increase in fatty tissue, which leads to weight gain.

Factors that contribute to a decline in the vital capacity of an elderly patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

increased surface area available for air exchange.

A medication that possesses a positive chronotropic effect is one that:

increases heart rate.

In late adults, the amount of air left in the lungs after expiration of the maximum amount of air:

increases, which hampers diffusion of gases because of stagnant air that remains in the alveoli.

When considering spinal immobilization of an infant who fell, it is important for the AEMT to remember that:

infants and small children often land head first because their head accounts for 25% of their body weight.

Reconstituting a drug, such as glucagon, involves:

injecting liquid from one vial into another vial that already contains powder.

A 50-year-old male has fallen from a significant height. He is conscious and alert, but is unable to feel or move both of his lower extremities. This is MOST likely the result of:

injury to the spinal cord.

A 16-year-old female complains of vaginal bleeding and abdominal cramping that began several hours ago. During your assessment interview, you should:

inquire about the possibility of pregnancy in private, if possible.

When administering nitroglycerin via the sublingual route, you should:

instruct the patient not to chew or swallow the medication.

When assessing a patient with a small-caliber gunshot wound, it is important to remember that:

internal injury severity is often unrelated to the entrance and exit wounds.

The majority of the body's potassium is found within the:

intracellular fluid.

The majority of the body's total body water is contained within the:

intracellular space.

When the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract:

intrapulmonary pressure falls below atmospheric pressure.

An anion is an:

ion with an overall negative charge.

A bruit differs from a murmur in that a bruit:

is auscultated over a main blood vessel.

While treating a critically injured 23-year-old male with a gunshot wound to the chest, the perpetrator who shot the patient returns to the scene. You should:

leave the scene immediately and request help.

The left main coronary artery rapidly divides into the:

left anterior descending and circumflex arteries.

Following administration of an amiodarone bolus, your paramedic partner begins a continuous infusion. This is necessary in order to:

maintain a therapeutic blood level of the drug.

When performing a rapid trauma assessment (rapid body scan), you will usually assess all of the following, EXCEPT the:

mastoid process.

The term applied to the practice of preventing contamination of the patient when performing an invasive procedure is called:

medical asepsis.

Agonal respirations can be described as:

occasional gasping breaths.

When a section of the ribs has been fractured, the injured section falls during inspiration and bulges during expiration. This is called:

paradoxical chest movement.

The layer of tissue that lines the inside of the chest cavity is called the:

parietal pleura.

The focused assessment of a patient is based primarily on the:

patient's chief complaint.

Determining the mechanism of injury will contribute to your decision of whether you should:

perform a rapid assessment or focused exam.

You are dispatched to an apartment complex, where a tenant was found unconscious by the landlord. There is no evidence of trauma. After completing the primary assessment and addressing immediate life-threats, you should:

perform a rapid body scan.

A small truck slid off the road and struck a utility pole. The driver, a 40-year-old male, has only minor abrasions from the airbag. His 38-year-old wife was killed in the crash. After performing a primary assessment of the driver, you should:

perform a rapid trauma assessment.

Ventilation is defined as the:

physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs.

After inserting the needle into the injection port of an IV line, but before administering the medication, you should:

pinch off the tubing proximal to the injection port.

Which of the following are noticeable characteristics of a 9-month-old infant?

places objects in the mouth, pulls himself or herself up

The pneumotaxic center is located in the __________, and functions by:

pons; inhibiting the dorsal respiratory group and increases the speed and depth of breathing.

A glass drug cartridge and syringe are components of a/an:

prefilled syringe.

The semilunar valves of the heart function by:

preventing backflow of blood into the ventricles.

Within the first 30 minutes after birth, a neonate's:

pulse rate decreases to approximately 120 beats/min.

Following the primary assessment, your actions prior to transport of a critically-injured patient should include:

rapid trauma assessment, spinal immobilization, vital signs.

Proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) will:

reduce your risk of an infectious exposure.

Following insertion of a needle into a patient's skin to administer an intramuscular injection, you pull back on the plunger and note the presence of blood in the syringe. You should

remove the needle and apply pressure to the site.

Upon arriving at the scene of a motor-vehicle crash involving two cars, you see an unconscious patient still in his vehicle, but cannot see the occupant of the other car. Your MOST appropriate initial action should be to:

request at least one additional ambulance.

Minute volume would increase if:

respiratory rate was increased.

During an acidotic state, the kidneys attempt to maintain a normal pH by:

retaining bicarbonate.

The term inotropy refers to the:

strength of myocardial contraction.

Release of the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is triggered by:

stress.

When administering a medication via the intramuscular route, you should:

stretch the skin over the area and insert the needle at a 90° angle.

You will MOST likely be able to determine whether the cause of your patient's problem is medical or trauma in origin after you have:

surveyed the scene and assessed the patient.

Aging is often associated with diminished proprioception, which is defined as:

the ability to know where various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.

With increasing age, the heart must work harder to move the blood effectively because:

the blood vessels become stiff.

In addition to facilitating the uptake of sugar into the cells, insulin is also responsible for:

the chemical conversion of glucose to glycogen.

The focused assessment of a responsive medical patient is guided by:

the patient's reason for calling EMS.

An infant or small child's airway can be occluded if it is overextended or overflexed because:

the tongue is proportionately large and the airway is shorter and narrower.

Infants are often referred to as "belly breathers" because:

their rib cage is less rigid and the ribs sit horizontally.

Unlike IM or SC injections, intravenously administered drugs rapidly affect the body because:

they bypass most barriers to drug absorption.

The amount of air that is moved into or out of the lungs during a single breath is called:

tidal volume.

Closure of the tricuspid and mitral valves occur during:

ventricular contraction.

The lungs are covered with a thin, slippery outer membrane called the:

visceral pleura.