Aging and Its Effects on the CP System
Kidney function
Ability of the kidneys to perform their functions
Liver function
Ability of the liver to perform its functions
Elastic recoil
Ability of the lungs to return to their original shape after being stretched
Heart murmurs
Abnormal heart sounds
Murmurs
Abnormal heart sounds caused by turbulent blood flow
AC membrane
Alveolar-capillary membrane
FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second)
Amount of air forcefully exhaled in the first second of the FVC maneuver
RV (Residual Volume)
Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation
FRC (Functional Residual Capacity)
Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a normal exhalation
CO (Cardiac Output)
Amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute
Cardiac output
Amount of blood pumped by the heart per minute
SV (Stroke Volume)
Amount of blood pumped by the heart with each beat
Hemoglobin concentration
Amount of hemoglobin in the blood
Dosages
Amounts of medication to be taken
AP diameter
Anteroposterior diameter of the chest
Unusual presentation of illness
Atypical symptoms or manifestations of a disease
FEF25-75 (Forced Expiratory Flow 25-75%)
Average flow rate during the middle half of the FVC maneuver
ADL (Activities of Daily Living)
Basic tasks of everyday life
HCO3
Bicarbonate ion
GI bleed
Bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract
Pulmonary blood flow
Blood flow through the lungs
Peripheral vessels
Blood vessels outside of the heart and lungs
Lung cancer
Cancer that starts in the lungs
CV system
Cardiovascular system
LV (Left Ventricle)
Chamber of the heart responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the body
Thorax
Chest cavity
Cataracts
Clouding of the lens in the eye
Ischemic heart disease
Condition caused by reduced blood flow to the heart
Anemia
Condition characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or a decrease in hemoglobin
CHF (Congestive Heart Failure)
Condition in which the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs
Glaucoma
Condition that damages the optic nerve
Macular degeneration
Deterioration of the macula, leading to loss of central vision
P(A-a)O2
Difference in oxygen partial pressure between the alveoli and the arterial blood
Variations in s/s of disease
Differences in signs and symptoms of a disease
SOB (Shortness of Breath)
Difficulty breathing
Heart disease
Disease affecting the heart
Pulmonary disease
Disease affecting the lungs
Medications
Drugs used for medical treatment
Aging and CV system
Effects of aging on the cardiovascular system
Pulmonary gas exchange
Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the blood
Cough
Expulsion of air from the lungs to clear the airways
S4 (Fourth Heart Sound)
Extra heart sound heard during atrial contraction
S3 (Third Heart Sound)
Extra heart sound heard during diastole
Cartilage
Flexible connective tissue found between the ribs
Fibrosis
Formation of excess fibrous connective tissue
HTN (Hypertension)
High blood pressure
Enlargement of alveoli
Increase in the size of the air sacs in the lungs
Alveolar thickening
Increase in the thickness of the alveolar walls
Risk of falls
Increased likelihood of experiencing a fall
Lung infection
Infection affecting the lungs
Pneumonia
Infection that causes inflammation in the air sacs of the lungs
Genetics
Inherited traits passed down from parents
Hearing loss
Loss of hearing
Vision loss
Loss of vision
Emphysema
Lung condition characterized by the destruction of the alveoli walls
MVV (Maximal Voluntary Ventilation)
Maximum amount of air that can be breathed in and out in one minute
VC (Vital Capacity)
Maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation
FVC (Forced Vital Capacity)
Maximum amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a maximum inhalation
IC (Inspiratory Capacity)
Maximum amount of air that can be inhaled after a normal exhalation
TLC (Total Lung Capacity)
Maximum amount of air the lungs can hold
Max HR (Maximum Heart Rate)
Maximum number of times the heart can beat per minute
PEFR (Peak Expiratory Flow Rate)
Maximum speed of air exhalation during a forced expiration
pH
Measure of acidity or alkalinity of a solution
Chest compliance
Measure of the chest's ability to expand and contract
Compliance
Measure of the lung's ability to expand and contract
DLCO (Diffusing Capacity of Carbon Monoxide)
Measure of the lung's ability to transfer gases from the alveoli to the blood
ABG (Arterial Blood Gas)
Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood
Lung volumes
Measurements of the amount of air in the lungs
Iron
Mineral necessary for the production of red blood cells
VQ mismatch
Mismatch between ventilation and perfusion in the lungs
Flow
Movement of air through the respiratory system
Ciliary activity
Movement of tiny hair-like structures in the respiratory tract
HR (Heart Rate)
Number of times the heart beats per minute
Lungs
Organs responsible for respiration
PCO2
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood
PaCO2
Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood
PaO2
Partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood
FEV1/FVC ratio
Percentage of the FVC that can be exhaled in the first second
Exercise
Physical activity
SBP (Systolic Blood Pressure)
Pressure in the arteries when the heart beats
Written materials
Printed or written information
Interviewing elderly patients
Process of gathering information from older patients
COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)
Progressive lung disease that obstructs airflow
Tachycardia
Rapid heart rate
Control of ventilation
Regulation of breathing
Fatty marrow
Replacement of red bone marrow with fat
Daily living habits
Routines and behaviors performed on a daily basis
Chemoreceptors
Sensors that detect changes in chemical composition
Heart sounds
Sounds produced by the heart during the cardiac cycle
Aging
The process of getting older
Red bone marrow
Tissue responsible for producing blood cells
Alveolar surface area
Total area available for gas exchange in the alveoli
Mitral valve
Valve between the left atrium and left ventricle
Aortic valve
Valve between the left ventricle and the aorta
Tricuspid valve
Valve between the right atrium and right ventricle
Pulmonic valve
Valve between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
Deadspace ventilation
Ventilation of air that does not participate in gas exchange
B12 vitamin
Vitamin necessary for the production of red blood cells