Agriculture APHG Review

Why have many family farms in North America been replaced by agribusiness farms since the 1980s?

Agribusiness farms have the resources to take advantage of economies of scale.

Which of the following social or environmental impacts is most directly related to the use of chemicals in agriculture?

An increase in land and water pollution from agricultural runoff

Which of the following best explains the diffusion of plants and animals from their hearths of domestication?

Both domesticated plants and animals spread across the globe through contagious diffusion in early years by farmers and traders, and later by relocation diffusion through European exploration and colonialism.

Which of the following is an explanation for the similar impact of large-scale commercial agriculture in developed countries and plantation agriculture in developing countries?

Both farming practices involve the consolidation of family farms and displacement of rural communities.

Source: United States Geological Survey Which of the following best explains the reasons for the similarities and differences between the two land survey systems shown?

Both systems require geometric calculations to survey property lines. However, the township-and-range system uses simplified calculation to create a more ordered landscape.

Which of the following agricultural practices has the most significant long-term environmental impact in tropical regions?

Burning extensive areas of forested land to create pasture, which decreases biodiversity

Which of the following explains the role of commodity chains in the average size of farms?

Commodity chains have led to changes in the spatial organization of agriculture from dispersed family farms to large corporate farms that produce, process, and distribute the products.

Which of the following spatial patterns is best explained by bid-rent theory?

Concentric rings of different agricultural activities surrounding a city in the midwestern United States

Which of the following environmental problems is most associated with the African Sahel?

Desertfication

Which of the following explains why multiple early hearths of domestication and diffusion of plants and animals arose across the world in Central America, the Fertile Crescent, the Indus River valley, and Southeast Asia?

Domestication of plants and animals evolved in each hearth independently of one another as societies in each area learned and applied the process to local plants and animals.

Which of the following explains an impact of globalized agricultural commodity chains on consumers as compared to producers?

Drought and depletion of groundwater sources in developing countries cause a rise in global grain prices and associated higher costs for food.

In less developed countries, pesticides are typically applied by hand, whereas pesticides are typically applied by tractors or aircraft in more developed countries. Which of the following best explains the risks associated with pesticide applications?

Farmers' health is at risk in less developed countries, whereas environmental pollution is a risk in more developed countries.

Which of the following best explains why farmers would plant both strawberries and watermelons in the same field?

Limited farmland encourages intensive farming with intercropping to produce high yields.

Which of the following best explains the importance of climate to agricultural practices?

Midlatitude climates tend to support similar agricultural crops and practices, such as wheat farming in the United States and China.

In which of the following countries is terracing LEAST likely to be used by farming groups to create additional space and minimize erosion on steep slopes?

Niger

During the first half of the twentieth century, which of the following facilitated the transportation of beef over long distances to global markets?

Refrigerated ships

Which of the following best explains how the expansion of feedlots for raising cattle has affected environmental sustainability in rural areas?

Runoff from animal waste has increased the pollution in local water supplies.

Which of the following best explains why the New England region, located in the northeastern United States, would specialize in market gardening agriculture rather than other types of agriculture, such as grain farming?

Several large cities on the East Coast provide a growing market and shorter distances for transporting market gardening products.

Sheep production in New Zealand and poultry production in Arkansas produce food animals for human consumption. Which of the following best describes the differences in the agricultural practices and land use for these products?

Sheep production is an example of extensive agriculture requiring large pastures, whereas poultry production is an example of intensive agriculture often practiced indoors.

During the Green Revolution, agricultural practices from more developed countries diffused to less developed countries in Asia and Africa. Which of the following best explains the Green Revolution's highly variable level of success in increasing agricultural yields?

Small-scale farmers in Asia often lacked the resources necessary to acquire the hybrid seeds and the chemical inputs to grow them, leaving large gaps in the success of the Green Revolution outside of urban cores.

In the South Asian country of Sri Lanka, tea is farmed as a monoculture. Which of the following best explains why tea plantations are common in Sri Lanka and tea exports are important to the country's economy?

Tea plantations were established in Sri Lanka by a former European colonial power.

STEAM PLOWING ENGINE (LEFT), COMBINE HARVESTER (RIGHT) Source: Library of Congress The images show devices developed during the Second Agricultural Revolution. Which of the following best describes the impacts of the Second Agricultural Revolution?

Technological innovations, such as the devices shown in the images, and increased agricultural productivity led to better diets, longer life expectancies, and more people available for work in factories.

Source: Library of Congress, National Park Service The images shown illustrate a change that took place as the Second Agricultural Revolution coincided with the Industrial Revolution. Which of the following compares this geographic relationship between these revolutions?

The mechanization of farm work allowed many young people to migrate and join a growing urban industrial workforce

Source: Pixabay The two images show different agricultural methods. In the context of the Second Agricultural Revolution, which of the following trends is represented in these images?

The mechanization of farming in the Second Agricultural Revolution resulted in more reliable crop harvests and healthier populations in areas where the mechanization was adopted.

METES AND BOUNDS Source: Pixabay LONG LOTS Source: United States Geological Survey The two images represent different agricultural land survey patterns. Comparing the two images, which survey system was more efficient in terms of trade?

The river in the long lot survey system provided better access to waterways to transport goods to market.

Between 1950 and 1990, wheat production in India in average pounds per acre more than tripled, which allowed India to meet its population's need for food. Which of the following best explains this change?

The use of improved plant hybrids and agricultural chemicals

Which of the following best explains the potential impact of rising global temperatures on agricultural regions?

The wheat belt will shift northward.

Palm oil, an edible vegetable oil used in processing packaged food products, is obtained from the fruit of the oil palm tree, grown only in the tropics. Which of the following explains how global demand for palm oil has proved beneficial and detrimental for countries such as Indonesia and Malaysia?

Palm oil exports provided substantial corporate profits, but the growth in the industry resulted in heavy deforestation in both countries.

Which of the following explains the diffusion and successful cultivation of many plants and animals in new regions of the world through the Columbian Exchange?

The plants and animals diffused to a region with climate and geography similar to that of their point of domestication.

Which of the following best explains the differences between the patterns of land use in the township-and-range system and the long-lot system, as shown in the images?

The township-and-range survey system was based on a geometric grid pattern, while the long-lot system was a rectilinear pattern based upon waterways or roads.

Nomadic pastoralism is an extensive agricultural system practiced

in the dry regions of Africa and Asia