Am
what year was the american flag made?
1777
• Highly trained soldiers • Best navy in the world • Supported by Loyalists This list shows—
A. advantages of the British in the Revolutionary War
Which of the following technologies served a similar function for sailors in the 1400s that GPS serves for sailors today?
Astrolabe and magnetic compass
How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the concept of popular sovereignty affect these important American territories?
By allowing Kansas and Nebraska to vote on allowing slavery, the act spurred both supporters and opponents of slavery to move to both territories to sway the decision, and this resulted in deadly violence.
How did John C. Calhoun's position on congressional compromises compare to those of Henry Clay and Daniel Webster?
Calhoun opposed any compromise that limited the spread of slavery, while Clay and Webster supported such compromise.
Which of the following best replaces the question mark in the diagram above?
Climate: dry • Settlement pattern: nomadic
The Battle of Antietam was an important Union victory because —
Confederate forces had attacked Union territory, and their defeat greatly increased morale in the North
What option below best replaces the question mark as an important impact of the Thirteenth Amendment on life in the United States?
Congress gained power to intervene in states' legislative decisions.
During the Civil War, how did the economies of the North and South compare?
Demands for manufactured goods fueled the northern economy, but damage to the cotton crop and an effective Union blockade devastated the southern economy.
Which of the following best represents a reason for European exploration?
Desire to expand trade and empire
How did the Lincoln-Douglas debate highlight differences between the Democratic and Republican candidates over slavery?
Douglas, the Democratic candidate, favored popular sovereignty, while Lincoln, the Republican candidate, wanted to halt the spread of slavery.
Who was chosen as the commander of the Continental Army at the Second Congressional Congress?
George Washington
How did Henry Clay help end the conflict between South Carolina and the federal government that threatened civil war in 1832?
He proposed a compromise tariff.
Which of the following can be considered a positive change to the environment of the Americas produced by the Columbian Exchange?
Introduction of horses
To avoid a civil war in 1850, Senator Daniel Webster supported a congressional compromise that created the Fugitive Slave Law, even though he opposed slavery. How did this law affect the growing conflict between the North and South?
It kept the South from seceding for several years, but it outraged many northerners who were now forced by law to return escaped slaves to bondage in the South.
How did the location of the Battle of Antietam reflect the strategy of Confederate General Robert E. Lee?
Lee hoped to wear down the Union forces until they surrendered and believed a Confederate victory on Northern soil would achieve this goal.
How were the voting rights of free and enslaved African Americans affected by political changes during the presidency of Andrew Jackson?
Many states that had once allowed free African American men to vote withdrew that right, and enslaved African Americans had no voting rights.
Examine the chart showing the results of the election of 1824. How might this election have increased political support for Andrew Jackson?
Many voters may have felt he was robbed of the election.
What major impact did the end of the Mexican-American War have on the United States?
Mexico was forced to cede New Mexico and California to the United States, paving the way for the United States to stretch all the way across the continent.
Educational Reforms of the 1850s • The school year was extended. • Teachers' pay was increased. • Colleges opened to train teachers. • ? Which statement below completes the list above?
Most northern states instituted free tax supported grade schools
Europeans introduced domestic animals such as chickens from Europe and Africa. European pigs, cattle, and horses often escaped into the wild and multiplied rapidly. Forests and grasslands were converted to pastures. The above statement an best be categorized as a_____
Negative consequence of a human modification of the environment
"When the laws undertake...to make the rich richer and the potent more powerful, the humble members of the society - the farmers, mechanics, and laborers - who have neither the time nor the means of [getting] like favors for themselves...have a right to complain of the injustices of their government." ----Andrew Jackson, Veto Message, July 10, 1832 What bill was Jackson referring to with this veto message?
Nullification Act
No taxation without representation! they cried. Colonists used this argument against the Stamp Act, claiming that___
Parliament had no right to tax them
What was one main difference between the point of view of most Republicans and that of many southern Democrats during Reconstruction?
Republicans strove to establish new social and political systems for the South, while southern Democrats resisted change as much as they could.
Which choice below best replaces the question mark?
Resulted in huge economic growth in the South
Which of these is an example of responsible citizenship?
Serving on a jury
Native Americans in which of the following culture regions performed Green Corn Ceremonies?
Southeast and Southwest
A report by the Joint Committee on Reconstruction accused the South of trying to "preserve slavery . . . as long as possible What political problem during Reconstruction caused the Joint Committee to make this statement?
Southern legislatures passed black codes that severely limited freedmen's rights.
Radical Reconstruction Reconstruction Act of 1867 • Governments that refused to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment were thrown out. • To rejoin the Union, these states had to write new constitutions and vote to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. • Southern states had to allow African American men to vote. Military Reconstruction Acts of 1867 • Southern states were divided into 5 military districts. • Each military district was governed by a military general. • These military rulers had nearly unlimited powers within their districts. What was the main effect of the enforcement of these acts?
Southerners argued that imposing nearly unlimited military rule violated their rights.
Which of the following was a cause of the War of 1812?
The British seized American ships and impressed sailors
A system of oppression so rank that nothing could make it seem small except the fact that [African Americans] had already been ground under it for a century and a half. — George Washington Cable, "The Freedman's Case in Equity" What acts or actions were intended to help resolve the type of social conflict described in the quotation?
The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments
It is wonderful how a people who have been so long crushed to the earth . . . can have so great a desire for knowledge, and such a capacity for attaining it. — Charlotte Forten, article in the Atlantic Monthly What solution to a social problem during Reconstruction is implied in this quotation?
The Freedmen's Bureau laid the foundation for public school systems.
Why did Andrew Jackson believe the Indian Removal Act would resolve the conflict between Native Americans and states east of the Mississippi River who wanted control of Indian lands?
The Indian Removal Act gave Native Americans land west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their lands in the east.
how would the picture above be different after the arrival of Europeans?
The Native Americans would be hunting on horseback
Sedition Act • Citizens could be prosecuted, fined, or even jailed for criticizing the government. • Some newspaper editors and even members of Congress were prosecuted under the act. • The act prompted the states of Virginia and Kentucky to pass laws claiming that states had the right to nullify federal laws they deemed to be unconstitutional. What argument did Democratic Republicans such as Thomas Jefferson make against the Sedition Act?
The Sedition Act was unconstitutional because the First Amendment protects freedom of speech.
I shall never surrender or retreat. . . I call on you in the name of Liberty, of patriotism and everything dear to the American character, to come to our aid, with all [speed]. . . . Victory or Death. —William B. Travis, Letter, February 24, 1836 The quotation describes a famous battle for Texas independence. Where was this battle waged, and why was it so important?
The Texan defeat in this battle, waged at a mission called the Alamo, sparked cries for revenge among Texans and inspired them to win their independence.
What factor influenced President Thomas Jefferson in purchasing Louisiana?
The need to control the Mississippi River and port of New Orleans for shipping purposes
What was able to happen once nine states ratified the U.S. Constitution?
The new government could go into effect.
Examine the chart above. Which of the following issues was a major cause of the Civil War?
The right of new states to allow slavery
In what way did New England factory owners make positive changes to the environment in the early 1800s?
They built dams and canals to increase water power for factories.
Examine the image above of locks on a 19th century canal. How did canals improve transportation?
They connected waterways that were not naturally connected.
Which of the following best explains the risk delegates took by declaring independence?
They could be hanged as traitors.
Why did citizens of the southern states call the tariff passed in 1828 the "Tariff of Abominations"?
They traded cotton with britain and bought british goods in return so the high tariff required them to pay much more for those good
Why did African Americans move to Spanish Florida and build settlements such as the one pictured above?
They were seeking a refuge from slavery.
States can only regulate trade that takes place within their own borders. • Only the federal government has the power to regulate interstate commerce. • This ruling created a single national market for goods and services. • ? Which statement below best completes this list summarizing the ruling and effects of the Supreme Court decision in Gibbons v. Ogden?
This ruling made it easier for people to do business nationwide.
I cannot help expressing a wish, that every member of the Convention who may still have objections to it, would with me, on this occasion, doubt a little of his own infallibility, and . . . put his name to this instrument. —Benjamin Franklin, Records of the Federal Convention of 1787 The "instrument" Benjamin Franklin refers to in this quotation is the—
United States Constitution
The Federalist and Democratic Republican parties developed out of—
a difference of opinions between Alexander hamilton and thomas jefferson about the power focus and diplomatic aims of the central government
George Mason argued against ratification of the Constitution because he felt that the Constitution must include___
a list of basic rights
Which of the following statements reflects the settlement patterns of Native Americans in the Northwest Coast culture region?
a plentiful food supply enabled the people to build permanent settlements
Why is this event at Appomattox Court House, pictured in this illustration, significant to the Civil War?
appomattox court house is where robert E. Lee surrendered to ulysses S. Grant ending the civil war
Using scientific thinking and reasoning, Benjamin Franklin created many useful things that made daily life easier including___
bifocals
How did social factors dealing with marriage and family affect both enslaved and free African Americans?
both groups had a strong sense of extended family
The colonists worked to change the laws of the Stamp Act by—
boycotting British goods
Judiciary Act of 1789 1. set up system of district courts 2. set up system of circuit courts 3. ? What else did the Judiciary Act of 1789 do?
called for the Supreme Court to have one chief justice and five associate justices
Christian missionaries moved to Oregon Country mainly to—
convert Native Americans to their faith.
Read each question carefully. Determine the best answer to the question from the four answer choices provided. They have brought into the lower house a sedition bill, which . . . undertakes to make printing certain matters criminal . . . Indeed this bill [and] the alien bill both are so [against] the Constitution as to show they mean to pay no respect to it. —The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, 1798 Under the Sedition Act, people could be fined or jailed for —
criticizing the government
The major differences of opinion between Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson had to do with___
defining the authority of the central government
A weakness of the Articles of Confederation was that it—
did not include executive or judicial branches of government.
Consider the locations of the Tidewater and Backcountry areas. A physical characteristic of the environment that gave one of the areas an economic advantage over the other was the____
easy access to shipping ports in the tidewater
Oregon Country was located in what region of what is now the United States?
far west
William Carney became one of the first African Americans to win the Congressional Medal of Honor for bravely —
fighting with the 54th Massachusetts Regiment in battles such as the attack on Fort Wagner
The temperance movement in the mid-1800s led to legislation that —
forbade alcohol sales in nine states
who was the first president?
george washington
George Washington's response to the Whiskey Rebellion showed citizens that—
he would use military force if necessary to deal with rebellions.
George Washington had to surrender Fort Necessity because—
his troops were outnumbered by the enemy
Among the main grievances American colonists had with the British were that the British Parliament—
imposed taxes without the consent of the colonists and placed limits on colonial trade
The bar graphs above support the statement that the enslaved population increased—
in proportion to the increased export of farm products
The Treaty of Paris of 1783 was significant because—
it ended the Revolutionary War
Marbury v. Madison was a significant Supreme Court decision because —
it gave the Supreme Court power to decide the constitutionality of laws passed by Congress
How did the Northwest Ordinance establish procedures for the orderly expansion of the nation?
it provided a way to admit new states to the Union
This image shows a power given to the___
legislative branch
Which of the following is an example of an unalienable right as defined in the Declaration of Independence?
liberty
The Confederate decision to seize Fort Sumter from Union forces was significant because it —
marked the first shots fired in the Civil War
who made a speech called " i have a dream"?
martin luther king junior
This map shows that in the mid-1800s, railroads were —
more important to the northern states than to the southern states
The Founding Fathers looked to Rome as an example when creating the republic because they liked the Roman idea of___
public service
Henry David Thoreau advocated using nonviolent civil disobedience to protest unjust laws, and he even went to jail for—
refusing to pay a tax to fund the Mexican War, which he believed was being fought in support of slavery
This image illustrates the constitutional principle of—
republicanism
In support of mercantilism, the English Parliament passed a series of Navigation Acts that__
required all trade go through England, which increased England's profit from the colonies and angered some colonists
What contribution did Susan B. Anthony make to the citizens of the United States?
she was among the first women to fight actively for the right to vote and her efforts eventually led to the passage of the nineteenth amendment
When the British won the city of Quebec, the tide of the war turned because___
the French needed Quebec to supply forts farther up the river
One of the main reasons that many Americans supported Manifest Destiny was—
the belief that americans had the right and duty to spread american culture to the shores of the pacific of ocean
Who was fighting in the French and Indian War?
the british were on one side the french and their allies were on the other side
One of the reasons Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand agreed to finance future voyages of exploration by Christopher Columbus was—
the chance to spread christianity
The structure of colonial government naturally led to the desire for self-government because—
the colonists elected lawmakers in each colony
Catholic priest Bartholome de Las Cases argued that it was better to import African slaves rather than force Native Americans to labor for Spain in the Americas. His suggestion, meant to help Native Americans, led to ____
the establishment of the Transatlantic slave trade
On the morning of November 17th, we encountered a terrific sleet and snow storm with freezing temperatures, and from that day until we reached the end of the fateful journey on March the 27th, 1839, the sufferings of the Cherokee were awful. —Memoirs of Private John G. Burnett, December 1890 Why were the Cherokees and other American Indian nations removed from their lands and relocated on what is now known as the Trail of Tears?
the indian nations were an obstacle to white settlers who wanted to claim their land
Transcendentalists such as Ralph Waldo Emerson believed that —
the most important truths in life went beyond human reason
The development of a free market system in the United States can be traced to—
the right to own property, first accorded in the Magna Carta
Which statement below best summarizes the effect of the creation and ratification of the U.S. Constitution?
the us constitution and its amendments still stand as the framework for american government
Although the North had antislavery laws, some northerners feared the abolition of all slavery in the United States because—
they were afraid that freed slaves would move north and compete with them for jobs
These transportation routes represented an extraordinarily dangerous act of civil disobedience on the part of American abolitionists. Why were they created?
they were part of underground railroad a secret and illegal plan to help slaves escape to freedom
Which of the following was a motivation for Spanish colonists in the Americas?
they were seeking wealth for themselves and spain
• States can only regulate trade that takes place within their own borders. • Only the federal government has the power to regulate interstate commerce. • This ruling created a single national market for goods and services. • ? Which statement below best completes this list summarizing the ruling and effects of the Supreme Court decision in Gibbons v. Ogden?
this ruling made it easier for people to do business nationwide
Study the charts. The colonial region that experienced the greatest wealth mostly exported__
tobacco and rice
Amendments to the U.S. Constitution can be proposed by___
two-thirds of both the house and senate
Study the image. Native Americans taught the Pilgrims to modify the environment and grow better crops by—
using dead fish as fertilizer to improve the soil
